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Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports activities and often results in pain, limited range of motion, muscle weakness, and decreased functional ability. Appropriate physiotherapy management is essential to accelerate recovery and restore ankle function. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of combining electrotherapy modalities and exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of bilateral grade II ankle sprain caused by sports injury. The research used a case study approach with physiotherapy interventions conducted through several treatment sessions. The interventions consisted of electrotherapy modalities combined with therapeutic exercises designed to reduce pain, improve joint mobility, and increase muscle strength and functional stability of the ankle. Clinical evaluation was carried out through observation of pain levels, range of motion, and functional ability during the therapy period. The findings indicated a gradual improvement in the patient’s condition, including decreased pain, increased ankle range of motion, improved muscle strength, and better functional performance during daily activities. These results suggest that the integration of electrotherapy and exercise therapy can provide a comprehensive rehabilitation approach for ankle sprain injuries. The combined intervention not only supports pain reduction but also enhances joint stability and functional recovery, enabling patients to return safely to their physical activities and reducing the risk of recurrent injury.

Background: Discomfort in third trimester pregnant women often arises due to physiological changes, with back pain being the most common complaint, occurring in 70% to 90% of cases. If left untreated, this pain can interfere with daily activities, cause insomnia, and even affect the childbirth process. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of back massage on reducing the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Adow Community Health Center. Methods: The research design used a pre experimental approach with a one group pretest posttest design. The sample consisted of 40 third trimester pregnant women experiencing back pain at Adow Community Health Center. Data were analyzed using the paired t test statistical method. Results: Before receiving back massage, the majority of respondents (57.5%) experienced moderate scale pain. After the intervention, the majority of respondents (70%) reported a reduction in pain to a mild scale. The statistical test results showed a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with an average pain reduction of 1.125. Conclusion: Back massage has a significant effect on reducing the intensity of back pain in third trimester pregnant women at Adow Community Health Center.

Low back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women in the second and third trimesters due to biomechanical and hormonal changes. Non-pharmacological interventions like prenatal exercise are believed to be effective, though evidence from controlled trials is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal exercise in reducing low back pain intensity. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was used with 30 pregnant women (15 in the intervention group, 15 in the control group), selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were gestational age of 20–36 weeks, no medical contraindications, and willingness to participate. The intervention group performed prenatal exercises twice a week for 8 weeks (45 minutes per session), while the control group received health education without physical exercise. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data analysis was conducted using paired t-test, independent t-test/Mann–Whitney, and ANCOVA to control for age, parity, and BMI. Both groups had homogeneous baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). The intervention group’s pain score decreased from 6.9 ± 1.1 to 3.6 ± 1.0 (Δ = -3.3; p < 0.001), while the control group’s pain score decreased from 6.8 ± 1.2 to 6.3 ± 1.1 (Δ = -0.5; p = 0.09). The difference in pain reduction between groups was significant (p < 0.001). ANCOVA confirmed that prenatal exercise was significantly effective after adjusting for confounders (β = -2.8; p < 0.001). Prenatal exercise is an effective, safe, and affordable intervention for reducing low back pain in pregnant women.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) remain the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and one of the chronic conditions included in this group is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease that affects the synovial joints, resulting in persistent inflammation, chronic pain, stiffness, and eventual deformities if left untreated. In Indonesia, the burden of RA continues to grow; the prevalence reaches 11.9% based on clinical diagnosis and rises to 24.7% when measured using symptom-based diagnosis. This case study aimed to describe family nursing care for a client with RA through a structured nursing process approach to improve quality of life and family involvement. The study took place in Purwodadi Village, Tonjong Subdistrict, Brebes Regency, focusing on the family of Mr. AS with Mrs. W as the client diagnosed with RA. Data collection involved comprehensive interviews, direct observation, physical examination, and documentation review. Assessment findings included chronic pain with an intensity score of 4, limited mobility, and inadequate family knowledge regarding RA management. Nursing interventions implemented were family education on RA, simple rheumatic exercises tailored to the client’s ability, and the application of warm ginger compresses as a non-pharmacological pain relief method. Post-intervention evaluation showed pain reduction to a score of 2, improved independence in performing light daily activities, and enhanced family understanding and support. In conclusion, family-centered nursing care combined with non-pharmacological interventions can effectively reduce pain, improve mobility, and strengthen the family’s role in supporting RA management.

Dysmenorrhea is a painful cramping or aching sensation in the lower abdomen, often radiating to the lower back, hips, and thighs. This condition significantly affects daily activities, limiting women’s physical and academic performance, particularly among female students who frequently experience dysmenorrhea during menstruation. Various interventions can help prevent or reduce the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea, including specific physical exercises such as McKenzie exercises and Kegel exercises. McKenzie exercises focus on strengthening and mobilizing the lower back and abdominal muscles, whereas Kegel exercises target the pelvic floor muscles to enhance circulation and reduce uterine tension. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in effectiveness between Kegel exercises and McKenzie exercises in alleviating dysmenorrhea pain among adolescents aged 12–15 years at SMP Negeri 28 Semarang. The study employed an experimental two-group pre-posttest design with a total sample of 22 female students who met the inclusion criteria. The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) technique was used to assign participants to the intervention groups. Pain intensity was measured using the Quadruple Visual Analog Scale (QVAS) both before and after the interventions, which were administered three times per week over a three-week period. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in pain for both groups, with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating that both McKenzie and Kegel exercises effectively decreased dysmenorrhea pain. The study concluded that there is a measurable difference in the effectiveness of these two exercise interventions, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate physical exercises tailored to adolescent students for dysmenorrhea management. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for educators, healthcare providers, and adolescents seeking non-pharmacological strategies to reduce menstrual pain and improve quality of life.

Introduction: The increase in life expectancy among the elderly has directly contributed to the rise in the global elderly population. According to global data, the number of elderly individuals is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030. This demographic growth is often accompanied by various health problems associated with aging, such as the decline in vital organ function and the emergence of degenerative diseases. One of the most common degenerative diseases among the elderly is hypertension. Hypertension is widely known as a “silent killer” because it can lead to serious complications, including stroke and heart disease, if not managed properly. A common complaint experienced by individuals with hypertension is headache, particularly in the posterior region, which significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. Management of hypertension can be carried out through pharmacological therapy with antihypertensive drugs as well as non-pharmacological interventions. One of the non-pharmacological approaches increasingly being applied is isometric handgrip exercise, which involves static muscle contractions performed at light to moderate intensity. Method:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pain reduction in patients with hypertension. The research design employed a descriptive case study involving one individual with hypertension who experienced pain complaints. The study was conducted on September 16–18, 2024, at Roujin Home X. The instruments used included observation, interview, and the provision of isometric handgrip exercise therapy. Pain measurement was carried out using a numerical rating scale before and after the intervention. Results:The three-day intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in pain levels. On the first day, the patient reported a pain score of 6, which decreased to 4 on the second day, and further declined to 2 on the third day after the intervention. Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that isometric handgrip exercise is an effective non-pharmacological method for alleviating acute pain in patients with hypertension. This simple intervention has the potential to be applied as a complementary therapy in elderly care facilities to improve the quality of life of individuals living with hypertension.

Gastritis usually occurs in people with irregular eating patterns and consuming foods that stimulate stomach acid production. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa or lining can be caused by various factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soursop leaf decoction on reducing gastritis pain. This research used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample size was 15 people, using accidental sampling. This study was conducted from June 12 to 18, 2025. Data were obtained through observation sheets using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and data analysis used the paired t-test. The results showed that before the soursop leaf decoction, the average pain score for respondents was 0.074, while after the decoction, the pain score decreased to 0.151, a decrease of 0.007 with a P-value of 0.001 (<0.05). Conclusion: The soursop leaf decoction is effective in reducing gastritis pain. Respondents are encouraged to regularly consume the soursop leaf decoction when experiencing pain, and it can serve as a reference for future research using different variables.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common progressive musculoskeletal disorder among adolescents, characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine with an unknown cause. This condition often results in postural asymmetry, chronic low back pain, and reduced mobility. This case report involves a 17-year-old female high school student diagnosed with AIS, presenting with lower back pain and functional limitations. The physiotherapy intervention included three sessions over two weeks, utilizing Microwave Diathermy (MWD) as a physical modality, along with Schroth method and strengthening exercises. The outcomes demonstrated a reduction in pain intensity, improved muscle strength, increased spinal mobility, and enhanced thoracic expansion. Additionally, the patient showed an improvement in quality of life as measured by the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire. These findings suggest that structured conservative physiotherapy, combining physical modalities and specific exercises, is effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, improving postural awareness, and supporting the functional well-being of AIS patients. This case highlights the importance of early and consistent physiotherapeutic intervention to manage symptoms and potentially slow curve progression.

Cesarean section (Sectio Caesarea) is a surgical procedure performed by making an incision in the anterior wall of the uterus to assist the childbirth process. This study aims to examine the application of Benson relaxation technique in reducing the intensity of pain scale in post-cesarean section mothers at Bengkalis Regional General Hospital (RSUD Bengkalis). This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted from November to December 2024, involving a sample of 15 respondents. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis, with the Chi-Square test applied. All respondents were post-cesarean section mothers. The findings showed that before the intervention, all 15 respondents (100%) experienced severe pain. After receiving the Benson relaxation intervention for 10–15 minutes, a decrease in pain scale was reported. The data indicated that the majority of respondents (86.7% or 13 respondents) experienced a reduction from severe to moderate pain. The statistical test results yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant effect of Benson relaxation therapy on pain reduction in post-cesarean section patients in the Mawar Ward of RSUD Bengkalis. It is recommended that RSUD Bengkalis consider adopting this technique as an innovation in health services, particularly in nursing care, to help reduce pain in post-cesarean section mothers.

Menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea is a common complaint experienced by adolescent girls throughout the world has shown that the incidence of dysmenorrhea is quite high, namely 43-93% of women experience dysmenorrhea and 5-10% of them experience very severe dysmenorrhea and leave their activities 1-3 days a month, where 8% of them have to leave school or work during menstruation The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of giving turmeric and tamarind with pineapple juice on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in TPMB "M".This study uses a qualitative research strategy, with a case study, which is a series of scientific activities carried out intensively, in detail and in depth about a program, event, and activity, both at the individual level, a group of people, institutions, or organizations to obtain in-depth knowledge about the event, this case study was conducted directly to adolescents who were menstruating and experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. The results of the study were conducted in Case 1, an adolescent who was experiencing Primary Dysmenorrhea pain with a pain scale of 9 after being given Turmeric Acid, the NRS value at Visit 1 was 7, Visit 2 was 5, Visit 3 was 3. While in Case 2 after being given Pineapple juice, the NRS value at Visit 1 was 7, Visit 2 was 4, Visit 3 was 2. both were the same in reducing pain, but consuming Turmeric Acid was more effective in reducing pain by 1 on the 2nd visit and the difference in pain reduction was 1 on the 3rd visit. It is hoped that this study can be used to add new knowledge about the treatment of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents in a non-pharmacological way, namely by using turmeric acid and pineapple juice. as an alternative.

Several psychological and physical physiological changes take place in pregnant women during the third trimester. Complaints of back pain, which can cause discomfort during pregnancy, are one of the frequent physical changes that occur. Endorphin massage, a light massage approach that may help alleviate these complaints, is one strategy that may be utilized to promote relaxation and comfort for expectant mothers, particularly during the later stages of pregnancy before delivery. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of endorphin massage on the severity of back discomfort in expectant women during their third trimester. The study used a quantitative methodology with a sample size of 65 participants that were representative of the study population. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare pain ratings before and after the intervention. According to the test findings, there is a substantial difference between the two measurement outcomes, as evidenced by a value of Z = -8.062 with p = 0.000. The study's results indicate that every subject's pain was reduced after receiving endorphin massage. In conclusion, endorphin massage is beneficial for alleviating back pain in pregnant women during the third trimester.

During menstruation one of the most common complaints experienced by adolescents during menstruation caused by severe contractions of the uterine muscles is called dysmenorrhea. Almost all teenage daughters experience menstrual pain with levels of pain ranging from mild to severe. The absence of teenagers at school is one of the consequences of dysmenorrhea. Abdominal Stretching Exercise is an alternative non-pharmacological therapy option that can reduce dysmenorrhea. During exercise, there will be an increase in the levels of endorphins produced in the brain and also in the spinal cord nerve structure. To find out the impact of abdominal stretching exercises on decreased dysmenorrhea in teenage girls. This type of research is pre-experimental with the design of one group pretest posttest with a sample of 26 respondents. The research tools used in this data collection are the numeric rating scale questionnaire sheet and the observation sheet. The abdominal stretching exercise is performed on the first day of menstruation twice with a duration of 15 minutes. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Before performing abdominal stretching exercises some respondents experienced severe to moderate pain. The Wilcoxon test results showed an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of <0.05 which means there is an effect of Abdominal Stretching Exercise on Dismenorean Pain Reduction in Teenage Girls. The abdominal stretching exercises have an effect on dismenoreal pain reduction in teenage girls.

This systematic literature review explores the role of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)-based mind-body interventions in improving wound healing within nursing practice. Wound healing is a complex, multifactorial process influenced not only by cellular and molecular factors but also by psychological and immune responses. Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of mind-body practices such as guided imagery, hypnotherapy, and meditation in managing stress and modulating immune responses, there is limited integration of these interventions into clinical nursing practices. This review aims to bridge this gap by synthesizing studies published between 2020 and 2024 that examine the impact of these interventions on wound healing outcomes. The review follows the PRISMA protocol, analyzing data from 50 primary studies focusing on RCTs, systematic reviews, and quasi-experimental designs. The results show significant improvements in wound closure rates, pain reduction, and immune modulation (e.g., reduction in cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in patients who received mind-body interventions. The findings support the hypothesis that mind-body interventions, by addressing both psychological stress and immune function, enhance wound healing. The proposed framework for integrating PNI-based interventions into nursing practice could improve patient outcomes in chronic wound management. Future research should focus on long-term studies with larger sample sizes and standardized intervention protocols to further validate these findings.

Low back pain (NPB) Ischialgia is the pinching of the ischiadic nerve in the lower back region which causes the buttocks, thighs, lower legs and even feet to tingle, pain, sometimes causing weakness. Nerve mobilization is a manipulation technique by moving and stretching the nerve tissue to improve axonal transport so as to improve nerve conduction. Nerve mobilization can reduce the pressure in the nerve so that there is an increase in blood flow to the nerve, which can have a regenerating and healing effect on the injured nerve (Butler, 1991). Nerve mobilization is often used as a form of diagnosis and treatment in musculoskeletal conditions with nerve involvement (Butler, 1991). Nerve mobilization in the Lower Limb Tension Test (LLTT) is performed on the branching of the lumbosacral plexus such as the ishiadicus nerve, peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve. But here the author only discusses LLTT on the ishiadicus nerve, namely LLTT 1 which is associated with low back pain. The purpose of knowing the effect of manual nerve mobilization on pain reduction in Ischialgia patients after IR and TENS therapy at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang. Method two group pre test and post test. The place of this research is in the physiotherapy clinic of KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital. Using Visual Analouge Scale (VAS) measuring instrument. The results were treated using the mann-Whtney test. With confidence interval (CI) (95%) The results revealed that there was a significant difference in pain between group 1 (p = 0.00) and group 2 (p = 0.00). But there was no significant difference between the two groups on pain improvement (p = 0.152), so there was no better treatment between the two groups. It is concluded that ULTT is useful in the treatment of LBP patients to reduce pain in two groups. The targeted output is publication in Sinta indexed national journals and IPR. The TKT target of the implementation of gamelan accompaniment gymnastics is at level 2.

Background: According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2016, the prevalence of adolescent girls in Indonesia who experienced menstrual pain was around 55% (Susanti, et al, 2018). Based on a preliminary study conducted by researchers on December 5 2022 at MTS Al Mukmin Cemani Grogol Sukoharjo. Information obtained was that 6 out of 10 students said they experienced menstrual pain at the beginning of menstruation as well as feeling lazy to move, weak body and easily felt tired. So from the results of the information obtained, it is necessary to reduce menstrual pain by giving chocolate to find out its effect. Objective: To determine whether there is an effect of giving chocolate on reducing menstrual pain in class VII MTS Al Mukmin Cemani Grogol Sukoharjo. Research method: this research uses a pre-experiment with a one group pretest posttest design. The sample of this research is 20 respondents. Results and discussion: This research uses the Wilcoxon statistical test with a pre-test mean of 3.10 and a post-test mean of 1.10 so that a p-value (asymp.sig 2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05, this means H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. H1 is accepted, meaning there is a significant effect before and after being given chocolate on changes in pain reduction. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving chocolate on reducing the intensity of menstrual pain as proven by the analysis results of p value (0.000) < α value (0.05).

Labor is the process of opening and thinning the cervix, where the fetus is pushed out through the birth canal. Finger Grip Relaxation is a muscle relaxation action that is believed to reduced pain. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of finger grip relaxation technique on pain reduction in post sectio caesarea patients at the 2nd Grade Hospital of R.W. Monginsidi in Manado.This research was conducted by using a quasi experimental one group pre-test and posttest design. Sampel in this research amounted to 15 respondents using accidental sampling technique. Data collection was done by sharing SOP. Then, the collected data was processed by running the SPSS computer program version 16.0 to be analyzed by a Wilcoxon test with the significance level ? = 0,05.The result showed that there is an effect of finger grip relaxation technique on pain reduction in post sectio caesarea patients.The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of finger grip relaxation technique on pain reduction in post sectio caesarea patients at the 2nd Grade Hospital of R.W. Monginsidi in Manado. It is suggested to update information about the effect of finger grip relaxation technique on pain reduction in post sectio caesarea patients.

Management of labor pain is an attempt to reduce MMR. Labor pain must be treated in an effective way because if the pain is accompanied by a stress reaction, it will have harmful side effects for the mother and also the fetus. The midwife at the Ngesrep Health Center has never used birth balls as an intervention to treat inpartu mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a birth ball on reducing labor pain in the active phase of the 1st stage. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest posttest design. The population in this study were all mothers with an estimated day of birth in July to August 2022 who will give birth at the Ngesrep Health Center Semarang. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and the number of samples was 31 people. Data collection tools used in this study include Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Birth Ball Techniques, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Observation Sheets and birth balls with a diameter of 55 cm or 65 cm. Data analysis was carried out using the paired sample t test. The results of the study obtained a t value of 9.613 which means that every 1 time birth ball intervention with 4 movements for 30 minutes makes the primigravida have the potential to be 9.613 times to be able to reduce labor pain in the active phase of the 1st stage. The p-value is 0.000 <0.05, so the hypothesis (H0) is rejected and (Ha) is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of using birth balls on reducing labor pain in the active phase of the 1st stage of labor in primigravida at Ngesrep Health Center Semarang. For health services, it is expected that the use of birth balls can be used as an alternative to reduce labor pain in the active phase of the 1st stage of primigravida.