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Divorce gives rise to various legal consequences relating to the status of the parties, marital property, and the rights and obligations toward children, thereby requiring a legal mechanism that ensures legal certainty, justice, and legal protection. In practice, the parties often express their intention to divorce in the form of a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed drawn up before a notary. This study aims to analyze the legal standing and evidentiary strength of a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed as evidence in divorce cases decided by default judgment (verstek). The research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a case approach, focusing on the Decision of the Ngawi Religious Court Number 425/Pdt.G/2023, through a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed executed in the form of a notarial deed constitutes an authentic deed with perfect evidentiary value as written evidence in divorce proceedings. Although it cannot directly result in the dissolution of marriage, the deed is relevant to prove the existence of an agreement between the parties and the condition of a marital relationship that has irretrievably broken down. In cases decided by default judgment, the deed becomes an important basis for judicial consideration in granting the divorce petition. The implications of this study emphasize that a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed may be lawfully and proportionately used as evidence to support the proof of grounds for divorce and to realize legal certainty in judicial proceedings.

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) and crypto assets has created a paradox in the global financial system: while promoting inclusion and efficiency, it also opens new vulnerabilities for money laundering offenses. Notaries, as public officials and legal professionals involved in various financial and business transactions, are at the forefront of preventing this misuse. This article analyzes the specific risks of money laundering through fintech and crypto assets and formulates the due diligence framework required by notaries in carrying out their preventive functions. The research method uses a normative juridical approach with doctrinal analysis of regulations and international standards, enriched with case studies and best practice references. The findings indicate that notaries face three main challenges: (1) difficulty in identifying parties in virtual transactions, (2) the volatility and relative anonymity of crypto assets, and (3) the gap between the speed of technological innovation and regulatory adaptation. This article proposes an Enhanced Digital Due Diligence (ED3) model that integrates digital verification technology, blockchain forensic analysis, and a dynamic risk-based approach. This framework is expected to strengthen the role of notaries as gatekeepers in the rapidly evolving digital financial ecosystem while maintaining the profession's relevance in the era of digital transformation.

This article provides a comprehensive examination of the application of the lex loci celebrationis principle in the execution of notarial deeds involving foreign legal subjects within the Indonesian legal system. The principle affirms that any authentic deed executed in Indonesia must comply with national legal requirements, regardless of the parties’ nationality or the existence of transnational legal relations. Through normative legal research employing statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case-study approaches, this article elucidates how the lex loci celebrationis principle interacts with private international law, particularly in relation to the legal capacity of foreign nationals, the use of foreign documents, and the limits of jurisdiction. The analysis reviews the Law on Notarial Office, the Indonesian Civil Code, population administration regulations, as well as doctrinal developments and jurisprudence pertaining to international legal acts. The findings indicate that although the substantive aspects of an agreement may refer to foreign law through lex voluntatis, the formal validity of a notarial deed remains entirely governed by Indonesian law. These findings underscore the need to enhance the competence of notaries in understanding the dynamics of private international law and highlight the importance of harmonizing national regulations with the principles of private international law to ensure legal certainty in cross-border transactions.

Penelitian ini menganalisis dasar hukum dan tanggung jawab notaris dalam tindak pidana pemalsuan akta otentik berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Notaris memiliki kewenangan membuat akta otentik yang berkekuatan hukum sempurna, namun hal ini juga menciptakan celah bagi pemalsuan yang merugikan. Pemalsuan akta termasuk tindak pidana pemalsuan surat, menimbulkan kompleksitas dalam menentukan batas tanggung jawab notaris karena kewajiban verifikasi notaris yang terbatas dalam investigasi materiil, serta adanya perbedaan pendekatan antara KUHP dan UUJN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan statute dan conceptual, mengkaji peraturan dan literatur hukum. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa notaris dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana jika terbukti sengaja terlibat dalam pemalsuan. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan harmonisasi antara KUHP dan UUJN untuk memastikan kepastian hukum bagi notaris dan masyarakat, dengan penekanan pada pembuktian unsur kesengajaan (dolus) notaris.

A will is a legal instrument that enables an individual to determine the distribution of their assets after death. One type recognized in the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) is the closed will (testament olograph), written or signed confidentially by the testator and submitted to a notary before four witnesses. This form of will emphasizes secrecy and the protection of the testator’s final intentions, requiring a clear legal framework to ensure its validity and lawful execution. Within this framework, the Balai Harta Peninggalan, or Heritage Hall, functions as a state institution responsible for receiving, safeguarding, unsealing, and executing closed wills after the testator’s death. The institution’s role ensures that the process is orderly, transparent, and legally compliant. This study examines the procedural mechanism for administering closed wills by the Balai Harta Peninggalan, covering the stages from unsealing to execution in accordance with statutory provisions. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the research analyzes the Civil Code, implementing regulations, and legal literature. The findings show that the execution of closed wills under Balai Harta Peeninggalan’s authority is well regulated under Indonesian law and plays a key role in ensuring legal certainty and protecting heirs’ rights. However, administrative obstacles and low public awareness remain significant challenges.

This study examines the evolution of the notary supervision system in Indonesia, particularly the impact of Constitutional Court Decision No. 49/PUU-X/2012 which revoked Article 66 paragraph (1) of Law No. 30 of 2004 and the establishment of the Notary Honorary Council (MKN) through Law No. 2 of 2014. The study uses a normative juridical method with a case and statutory approach, supported by literature analysis and expert opinion. The results show that the Constitutional Court decision eliminated legal protection for notaries in facing arbitrary actions by law enforcement officers, creating inequality with other professions such as advocates and doctors. Although the Regional Supervisory Council (MPD) still exists institutionally, the authority to grant approval for summoning notaries has been lost. In response, the government established the MKN which combines elements of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights with the Indonesian Notaries Association. International comparisons show that the civil law system provides stronger protection through specialized courts, while common law does not provide a privileged position for notaries. Indonesia adopts a mixed model that provides flexibility but creates coordination complexity. The MKN plays a role in enforcing professional ethics while maintaining a balance between the protection of notaries as public officials who make authentic deeds and accountability in the judicial system, restoring the stability of legal protection that was lost after the Constitutional Court's decision.

The role of notary organizations is critical in the continuous development and supervision of the notary's position, especially concerning personal behavior, both in carrying out office duties and in daily life. The notary profession holds a significant position in the legal framework of society as it produces authentic deeds that carry the highest probative value. As such, integrity and professional ethics are foundational principles in the execution of notarial duties. This research aims to analyze the role of notary organizations, specifically the Indonesian Notary Association (INI) in Sleman Regency, in reinforcing professional ethics and maintaining the quality of legal services for the public. The research employs a normative-sociological approach, utilizing studies of legal regulations, notary electronic codes, and interviews with INI Sleman administrators. The findings indicate that notary organizations contribute through (1) socializing ethical codes and professional standards, (2) conducting internal supervision through honorary councils, (3) providing ethical sanctions for violations, and (4) offering development programs and capacity-building initiatives for members. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including limited supervisory resources, resistance from some members, and a lack of public understanding regarding the importance of professional ethics. These obstacles hinder the full potential of notary organizations in ensuring professional conduct and upholding the quality of notarial services. The research underscores the need for stronger collaboration and awareness to address these issues.

The relocation of the National Capital (IKN) through Law Number 3 of 2022 raises the potential for serious issues related to the land rights of local communities, particularly indigenous communities who have long inhabited and utilized the area. In the context of IKN development, community rights often clash with the interests of the state and investors, thus creating the risk of violations of basic rights, including land rights, which are an important part of their social, cultural, and economic identity. Notaries, as public officials, have a strategic role in ensuring that every process of transferring land rights is carried out legally, fairly, and in accordance with legal provisions. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the IKN Law protects the rights of local communities and how the role of notaries in notarial practice can ensure justice for the parties involved. The research method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach through a review of regulations, legal doctrine, and an analysis of notarial practices relevant to IKN development. The results show that although the IKN Law contains general norms regarding respect for the rights of local communities, the legal protection provided is still weak and has not been accompanied by adequate technical regulations. The role of notaries in this context has also been suboptimal due to limited scope of authority and the lack of specific guidelines for overseeing the transfer of land rights in the new capital development area. This research emphasizes the need to strengthen derivative regulations and optimize the role of notaries to serve as a crucial instrument in ensuring legal certainty, justice, and the protection of the rights of indigenous communities during the new capital development.

The implementation of the Job Creation Law has brought significant changes to the regulation of foreign investment in Indonesia, particularly through the establishment of a minimum capital requirement for a Foreign Investment Limited Liability Company (PT PMA) of IDR 10 billion. This study aims to examine the formal minimum capital requirements for PT PMA in notarial deeds under the Job Creation Law using normative juridical methods with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, and referring to the theory of legal certainty, responsibility, and legal protection. The analysis includes the evolution of PT minimum capital regulations, capital classification within the company's legal structure, the phenomenon of fictitious PT PMAs such as the PT BKG case, and the status and limitations of notary responsibilities. The results of the study indicate that although the minimum capital requirement for PT PMAs has been explicitly stipulated in Government Regulation No. 5 of 2021 and Regulation of the Head of the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) No. 4 of 2021, there are legal loopholes in the form of unclear capital deposit periods, weak verification and oversight mechanisms, and the prevalence of nominee practices and fictitious PT PMAs that reduce the effectiveness of the policy. The notary's position as a public official plays a strategic role in drafting deeds of establishment, verifying documents, and providing legal counseling, but has limited authority in verifying material truth. The study concluded that regulatory improvements are needed through establishing clear capital deposit periods, strengthening verification and oversight mechanisms, and harmonizing regulations between institutions to ensure the effective implementation of minimum capital requirements for foreign-owned companies (PT PMA) in accordance with the principle of economic sovereignty.

Various jurisdictions including Indonesia, inheritance disputes often involve complex interactions between cultural, religious, and legal systems. The role of the notary as a facilitator of disputes outside the court by prioritizing legal principles and the notary code of ethics. Succession disputes have triggered conflicts among heirs that have been prolonged through court proceedings. Notaries act as facilitators utilizing legal expertise to explain the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved, by encouraging the creation of a transparent communication and mediation atmosphere. The method used is an empirical method with a qualitative approach method. This research aims to examine how notaries play a role in facilitating dispute resolution, and convey the obstacles faced by notaries. This research emphasizes the role of notaries in ensuring that inheritance disputes are resolved peacefully and fairly. However, there are obstacles in ensuring fairness and preventing overlap in regulations. Strengthening understanding of the code of ethics and understanding of the rules is needed to support the performance of notaries in these situations.

This study examines the comparative supervision systems of notarial professions in Indonesia and the Netherlands using a normative and comparative legal approach. In Indonesia, notary supervision is centralized under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights through supervisory councils, yet remains weak in terms of independence and transparency. In contrast, the Netherlands adopts a decentralized and independent model through institutions such as the KNB, the Notarial Disciplinary Board, and the BFT, which ensure accountability and public oversight. The findings reveal that the Dutch system is more effective in enforcing professional ethics and preventing conflicts of interest through mandatory reporting and peer evaluations. The study suggests reforming Indonesia’s supervisory framework by strengthening institutional independence, enhancing the role of professional associations, and ensuring greater transparency. This research aims to contribute to the development of a more accountable and integrity-based notarial supervision system in civil law jurisdictions.    

The making of authentic deeds by a notary is part of the legal service that has the highest evidentiary value in the Indonesian civil law system. One of the formal requirements of an authentic deed according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (UUJN) is the presence of two witnesses who know and directly witness the process of signing the deed. In notarial practice, notary staff are often appointed as witnesses for reasons of administrative convenience, trust, and availability of time. This study aims to examine the legal position and role of notary staff as witnesses in authentic deeds and the form of legal protection available if the deed is legally disputed. The research method used is normative legal with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by literature studies and analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study indicate that notary staff are legally valid as witnesses as long as they meet the requirements as competent witnesses according to law. However, if a dispute arises over the deed, the staff can be asked for information as a witness in court and has the potential to face legal pressure. Therefore, legal protection for notary staff includes the principle of good faith, legal protection for witnesses, the right to legal assistance, and the ethical responsibility of notaries as employers. In conclusion, there needs to be more explicit regulations regarding the role of staff in deeds and clear protection mechanisms to maintain professionalism, integrity, and legal certainty in notarial practice.

This research examines the implementation of electronic signatures and e-notarization within Indonesia's notarial legal framework, analyzing the tensions between technological innovation and traditional notarial principles. Indonesia has established basic legal recognition for electronic signatures through Law No. 11/2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (as amended by Law No. 19/2016) and conceptually acknowledged cyber notary in the explanation of Article 15(3) of Law No. 2/2014 on Notary Positions which mentions "the authority to certify transactions conducted electronically". However, significant regulatory and practical challenges persist due to contradictions between digital concepts and traditional notarial requirements such as physical presence during the notarial process. The research reveals Indonesia lags behind many jurisdictions with similar civil law traditions in e-notarization implementation where the integration of digital elements into notarial systems has enhanced efficiency while maintaining security standards. This study proposes a balanced implementation approach that preserves essential notarial functions of authentication and legal certainty while leveraging technology to enhance accessibility and efficiency, requiring legislative reforms, technical standardization, institutional development, and professional training to create a comprehensive e-notarization framework suited to Indonesia's legal context.

This study explores the legal responsibilities of notaries in reporting suspicious financial transactions as part of implementing the Know Your Customer (KYC) Principle. As public officials, notaries are bound by confidentiality obligations; however, in the context of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing efforts, they are also required to report suspicious activities. The research applies a normative juridical approach using qualitative methods that focus on legal document analysis. The findings indicate that the notary's reporting obligation does not violate the confidentiality principle, as it is protected by law through both preventive and repressive legal safeguards. Proper implementation of the KYC Principle and due diligence allows notaries to actively contribute to financial integrity while minimizing their legal risk.

This study aims to analyze the marriage agreement as an instrument of legal protection for both parties in a marriage, especially in terms of property ownership and financial responsibility. This study uses a sociological juridical method, with primary data obtained through interviews with a notary and secondary data from various legal literature, including Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, the Civil Code, and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIII/2015. The results of the study indicate that the marriage agreement plays a role in preventing potential legal conflicts in marriage, both in monogamous and polygamous systems, and provides legal certainty for third parties, such as creditors or heirs. This agreement not only protects the rights and obligations of the husband and wife, but also ensures legal clarity in the division of assets and financial responsibility during and after the marriage.

This research examines the role of Indonesian Notary Position Regulations (UUJN) in enhancing integrity and professionalism within the notarial profession in Indonesia. The study adopts a normative legal research methodology, integrating both statutory and conceptual approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks governing notarial practice. Primary objectives include analyzing the impact of current regulations on notarial standards, identifying implementation challenges, and developing recommendations for regulatory enhancement. The research findings demonstrate that while the UUJN serves as a crucial foundation for professional notarial practice, several significant challenges persist in its implementation. These challenges encompass technological adaptation requirements, increasing transaction complexity, and the need for stronger oversight mechanisms. Analysis reveals opportunities for regulatory refinement to address emerging professional demands while maintaining high standards of integrity. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing comprehensive insights into the relationship between regulatory frameworks and professional excellence in notarial practice. The findings lead to specific recommendations for regulatory enhancement, including strengthening supervisory mechanisms, developing continuous professional development programs, and harmonizing standards with international best practices. These recommendations aim to foster a more robust and adaptable notarial profession in Indonesia while maintaining its fundamental role in ensuring legal certainty and protection for society.

This research is about the implementation of Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 9 of 2017 in an effort to protect the position of notaries regarding TKM reporting. Reporting Suspicious Financial Transactions (TKM) is a new task that must be carried out by Notaries in accordance with the issuance of Permenkumham No. 9 of 2017 and the inclusion of Notaries as reporting parties in PP No. 43 of 2015. This Permenkumham was issued to support government programs in terms of preventing money laundering crimes. . This type of research is normative juridical with a statutory approach as well as an analytical approach. This research explains, However, this regulation does not explain further about what protections Notaries receive after reporting suspicious financial transactions themselves, as well as the obstacles experienced by Notaries in implementing Permenkumham No. 9 of 2017 in terms of reporting TKM.

The notary profession in Indonesia is experiencing a critical transformation driven by technological advancements, changing legal landscapes, and the imperative of modernization. This research comprehensively examines the current regulatory framework governing notaries, analyzing the multifaceted challenges and potential opportunities for substantive reform in the contemporary legal ecosystem.The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative legal analysis, comparative research, and empirical investigation to provide a holistic understanding of the notary profession's evolving role. Through in-depth examination of existing regulations, stakeholder interviews, and comparative international perspectives, the research identifies key systemic barriers and innovative pathways for professional development.Critical findings reveal significant challenges, including technological adaptation gaps, regulatory inflexibility, and inconsistent professional standards. The research highlights the urgent need for a dynamic regulatory approach that balances traditional legal principles with emerging digital authentication technologies. Key opportunities emerge in areas such as blockchain-based document verification, comprehensive digital skills training, and adaptive professional development frameworks.The study proposes a comprehensive reformation strategy encompassing technological infrastructure development, professional skills enhancement, and regulatory modernization. Recommendations include establishing dedicated innovation units, implementing mandatory technology training programs, and creating flexible regulatory mechanisms that can rapidly respond to technological and professional landscape changes. By providing a nuanced analysis of the notary profession's current state and future potential, this research contributes critical insights to the discourse on legal professional modernization in Indonesia. The findings underscore the essential role of strategic, forward-looking reforms in ensuring the continued relevance, effectiveness, and integrity of notarial services in the digital era.

Marriage in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 1 of 1974 which requires implementation according to religious law, but interfaith marriages often cause problems, especially in inheritance rights. Indonesia recognizes three inheritance law systems: Islamic, civil, and customary, which regulate inheritance differently. Children from interfaith marriages often face inheritance obstacles, especially if there are differences of faith between the testator and the heirs. Several court decisions provide inheritance rights through a mandatory will, but are limited to one-third of the inheritance. Existing solutions include preparing a clear will, mediating disputes, and involving a notary to validate documents. A comprehensive approach through legal education and collaboration between the government, non-governmental organizations, and the community is needed to provide legal certainty and justice for children from interfaith marriages.

Land as the wealth of the Indonesian nation must be utilized for the greatest prosperity of the people. To achieve this utilization, land consolidation needs to be carried out as an effort to increase the utility and results of land use and to align individual interests with the social function of land in the context of implementing development. Land is the basic capital for development and supports the running of the economy, there is almost no development activity that does not require land. Land plays a very important role, even determining the success or failure of a development. The nature of this research is descriptive, the results of this research are expected to obtain a factual picture or description of the land consolidation policy towards the re-arrangement of land ownership and use in Tanjung Sena Village, Sibiru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, where the objects of land consolidation are land, residential buildings, dry land such as oil palms and fields, and village roads. Land consolidation as one of the efforts to increase the utility and results of land use. Land utilization needs to be implemented in the form of land regulation, control, and management. The use and utilization of land is carried out by re-arranging, partnership efforts, transfer and release of land rights in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In the framework of land use management, guidance and control are carried out. Guidance is carried out through the provision of guidelines, guidance, training, and direction, while control is carried out through supervision such as supervision, reporting and regulation. The implementation of the regional spatial planning design is not always effective in the field, some people still assume that land rights are absolute rights, meaning rights that cannot be violated against land even though land rights contain social functions, land can be used by anyone as long as legal procedures have been taken, especially if the prospective land user is the state and is used for public interest.are fun for children such as singing, storytelling, role playing and involving parents in learning at home.