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This study analyzes how Abuela Alma Madrigal's behaviors toward her family in Disney's Encanto (2021) are influenced by Jungian archetypes. The psychological analysis of matriarchal characters in animated films has received little attention, despite the widespread usage of Jungian theory in film analysis. The aim of this study is to identify the Jungian archetypes that Abuela embodies and analyze how they influence her relationships with the Madrigal family. Data was gathered by repeatedly watching the movie using a qualitative, descriptive approach. Jung's archetypal theory (1959) served as the main framework for the analysis of a selection of dialogues that were transcribed and classified based on specific archetypes. The results show that Abuela's behavior is greatly influenced by five archetypes. She is motivated by the persona archetype to maintain a public persona of magical perfection, valuing each family member according to how they contribute to this image. The trauma of losing her husband Pedro is the source of the Shadow archetype, which takes the form of denial and blame projection until Mirabel confronts it. The Great Mother archetype illustrates how her parental love turned into conditional acceptance and overprotection. The Wise Old Woman archetype highlights the difference between her appearance of authority and the personal doubt she carries. Finally, the Self archetype signifies her psychological transformation as she completely accepts the value of each family member and integrates her suppressed fears, completing Jung's individuation process. These results validate that Jungian theory provides a useful framework for analyzing matriarchal characters in animated films and show how universal psychological patterns associated with trauma, authority, and family dynamics can be meaningfully reflected in modern animated films.

Cine Crib is a YouTube channel that routinely reviews both international and Indonesian films, with a primary focus on Indonesian cinema. The review content, presented in a relaxed, informative, and entertaining manner, possesses significant potential to influence audience decisions to watch films in cinemas. In the digital era, social media platforms, including YouTube, have emerged as primary information sources that play a vital role in shaping consumer perceptions, preferences, and behaviors concerning movie-watching interest, particularly in theaters. This study aims to determine the influence and the magnitude of the impact of review content on the Cine Crib YouTube channel toward the interest in watching films in cinemas. The research employs a quantitative approach utilizing a survey method. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents consisting of Cine Crib channel subscribers. Data analysis includes validity and reliability tests, simple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the calculation of the coefficient of determination ($R^2$). Research findings indicate that film review content on YouTube has a positive and significant influence on the interest in watching films in cinemas, albeit with a weak correlation. Variations in watching interest are influenced by film review content, while the remaining factors are influenced by variables outside the scope of this study. Consequently, the Cine Crib channel represents an effective strategy for increasing interest in cinema-going.

Film is a communication medium capable of conveying moral messages to the public through a series of moving images, usually accompanied by sound. One such medium is the short film. "The waiting room" by Galih Firdaus, a production of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) released in April 2024 and received positive acclaim for its engaging plot and relevance to the audience's reality. This study aims to analyze the moral message in the film using Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory, which emphasizes three main elements: Representation, Object, and Interpretant. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method to uncover the moral meanings behind the film's scenes. The results found 15 scenes that explicitly convey moral values, including the importance of open communication within the family, the meaning of simple kindness, valuing togetherness, the commitment of true love, a mother's fortitude, loyalty in waiting, and sincere care. The moral message is constructed through Representation (physical signs such as a bowl of soto), Object (the reality conveyed, such as an apology), and Interpretant (the audience's understanding that the soto symbolizes improving relationships). In conclusion, the film "The waiting room" successfully conveys a strong moral message through a neatly structured narrative.

Emotion is a natural aspect of human life, including that of individuals with Cerebral Palsy or CP. Generally, emotion can be triggered by situational factors and expressed through language, particularly through prosody. However, studies that explicitly link emotion, CP, and prosody remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the types of emotions experienced by Mike, a character with CP in theTriumph movie, as well as their prosodic performances. The research data consisted of Mike’s utterances and facial expressions, which were analyzed qualitatively using observation and documentation methods, along with note-taking and triangulation technique. The theories used were psycholinguistic, affective priming, and prosodic, that was also supported by Praat software. The findings showed that the emotions expressed by Mike included happiness (the most dominant), sadness, anger, surprise (the least frequent), and fear, which were triggered by social support or rejection from people around him. From a prosodic perspective, intonation and loudness exhibited contrasting patterns, resulting in varying degrees of word stress. Happiness was characterized by a pitch of 155.31 Hz and an intensity of 58.78 dB, sadness by a lower pitch of 148.54 Hz and the lowest intensity at 53.89 dB, anger by the highest pitch at 280.7 Hz and the strongest intensity at 62.47 dB, surprise by a pitch of 196.3 Hz and an intensity of 56.38 dB, and fear by a pitch of 161.03 Hz with an intensity of 57.97 dB.In sum, the results indicated a strong interrelationship between emotion and prosody in Mike’s speech.

Currently, the skills needed to advance a tourist area are influenced by the availability of human resources who can speak English and understand local culture well. Unfortunately, improving English proficiency remains a challenge. Additionally, another issue appears as the Alpha generation is exposed to a great deal of English-language social media content; however, this does not appear to be directly correlated with an improvement in their English proficiency. It appears that the English Club instructors at SMA Fons Vitae 1 Jakarta were also aware of these two problems. Therefore, on September 11, 2025, an ABDIMAS activity entitled "Giving and Asking for Direction" training was held with the production of a short film. This activity was attended by 15 participants, 10 boys and 5 girls, a combination of students from grades 10 and 11. The results of the training showed that the pre-production process of making a short film provided a space for participants to recognize and explore Indonesian cultural heritage. Furthermore, the production process of making a short film made participants not afraid of speaking English. In the post-production process, participants can also edit parts of the video that are less than satisfactory because they can re-record if there are errors in pronunciation and grammar.

The animated film KPop Demon Hunters quickly became a worldwide hit, reaching the top of Netflix's global charts with over 33 million views in just two weeks. The highly acclaimed film KPop Demon Hunters has been the subject of some research due to its notable accomplishment. Yet, none of the research above discusses the symbolism that is richly put in the movie. Thus, the research attempts to elaborate on the representation of symbolism in order to provide an alternative viewpoint of the Kpop Demon Hunters, particularly the well-known villain, the Saja Boys. In order to study the underlying meaning of the Saja Boys, the author employs the qualitative method and applies Vrabel's study of deadly sin in relation to the religious symbol. This study concludes that the members of the Saja Boys represent symbolism of the deadly sins, which are anger, envy, greed, lust, pride, gluttony, and sloth. These vices are shown from the behavior of the Saja Boys, such as barking towards fans aggressively, being envious of one’s freedom and happiness, stocking food as much as possible, giving sexual gratification through physical appearance, and being overly proud of it. Not only that, the members of Saja Boys also portrayed the action of overconsumption and laziness.

The rapid development of digital streaming platforms such as Netflix has generated a large volume of content data with diverse characteristics, thereby requiring effective analytical methods to understand emerging patterns and trends. This study aims to classify Netflix content into two main categories, namely movies and television shows, and to analyze genre trends and content characteristics using a data mining approach with the Naive Bayes algorithm. The dataset used in this study is the Netflix Shows dataset, consisting of 8,809 content entries, with the primary features analyzed including genre, rating, and country of production. The research process begins with data exploration and preprocessing stages, including data cleaning, handling missing values, and transforming categorical features to enable effective model construction. Subsequently, the dataset is divided into training and testing sets to objectively and systematically build and evaluate the Naive Bayes classification model. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics to assess the model’s ability to accurately distinguish between Netflix content types. The experimental results demonstrate that the Naive Bayes algorithm is able to classify Netflix content into Movie and TV Show categories with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 100%, respectively. The confusion matrix indicates that no misclassification occurred, suggesting that genre, rating, and country of production features provide a very clear separation between content classes. These findings indicate that the Naive Bayes algorithm can achieve exceptionally high classification performance with optimal evaluation results. The results further reveal distinct differences in characteristics between movies and television shows based on genre and production attributes. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of content recommendation systems and strategic content management within the streaming industry.

Recommender systems play a critical role in shaping user decisions across digital platforms; however, the increasing complexity of recommendation algorithms has raised serious concerns regarding transparency, trust, and accountability. This study focuses on enhancing the transparency of recommender systems by integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques within a MovieLens-based recommendation framework. The primary problem addressed is the opacity of conventional recommendation models, which limits user understanding of why certain items are recommended and may reduce trust, perceived fairness, and system acceptance. Accordingly, the main objective of this research is to design and evaluate a hybrid explainable recommender system that balances predictive accuracy with human-understandable explanations. The proposed approach combines Matrix Factorization, feature-importance-aware neural networks, and knowledge graph embeddings to construct a robust recommendation model. To enhance explainability, multiple XAI strategies are integrated, including model-agnostic methods (LIME, SHAP, and CLIME), argumentation-based explanations, and context-aware personalized explanations. A comprehensive evaluation framework is employed, incorporating algorithmic metrics (accuracy, fidelity, robustness, counterfactual consistency, and fairness) alongside human-centered evaluations measuring trust, transparency, cognitive load, and perceived usefulness. Experimental results demonstrate that the knowledge graph–enhanced hybrid model achieves superior recommendation accuracy compared to baseline approaches. Moreover, context-aware explanations consistently outperform other methods in terms of fidelity, robustness, and user-perceived transparency, while argumentation-based explanations are found to be the most persuasive. CLIME offers a strong balance between technical stability and interpretability. The findings indicate that no single explainability technique is universally optimal; instead, hybrid and adaptive explanation strategies are most effective. In conclusion, this study confirms that human-centered, context-adaptive XAI significantly improves transparency and user trust in recommender systems, highlighting explainability as a fundamental component rather than an optional enhancement.

Culture shock is a phenomenon that is experienced by someone who moves to an environment with a culture that is different from their own just as happened to Todd Anderson in the Outsourced movie. This study used a qualitative method to analyze the main character, Todd Anderson, who was sent to India from America. Todd went through five stages of culture shock based on Adler’s theory. In the contact stage, he was still integrated with his American culture. In the second stage, Todd experienced stress and frustration as his ability to relate, connect, and engage with others fell apart. He also felt alienated from the Indian locals. Todd looked for a relationship with the Americans during the third stage. In the fourth stage, Todd freed himself from previous defensiveness towards Indian culture. In the fifth stage, Todd was able to build trust and sensitivity to the Indians, and Todd accepted all the similarities and differences between Indian culture and American culture. Todd also applied all strategies based on Plummer’s theory. Todd looked for a new support group and enriched his life in India. Todd then discovered Indian social taboos that should be avoided. Finally, Todd developed an understanding of Indian culture. Overall, this study concludes that although culture shock occurs in stages, it can be overcome through embracing the local way of life, as Todd did in the film, and ceasing to reject it.  

For decades, television as a mass media has been the most popular medium for entertainment and information. Because of its audiovisual nature, television can present music shows, movies, soap operas, variety shows, reality shows, and other programs involving celebrities adored by the public. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the exposure of artists' privacy on the Insert Pagi program on TRANS TV on December 1, 2024, from the perspective of the Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines for Standard Broadcasting Programs (P3SPS). Several related theories are involved in this research, including TV Production, Broadcasting, Television, Television Program Genres, Infotainment, Broadcasting Law and Ethics, and the Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines for Standard Broadcasting Programs (P3SPS). The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques conducted by the researcher include in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. The result of this research on the Insert Pagi program on December 1, 2024, is the discrepancy of the program that was broadcast due to the information presented not aligning with the provisions of the articles of P3SPS. This is evident in the exposure of the privacy of artist couple Andrew Andika and Tengku Dewi in the broadcast. As stated in the Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines Article 13, which reads, “Broadcasting institutions must respect a person’s privacy rights in producing and/or broadcasting a program, whether live or recorded.

This study explores the psychological analysis of the main character in John Wick (2014), emphasizing the emotional and motivational factors that drive his actions. By applying Bernhardt's psychological aspects and Kenney's conflict theory, the research investigates the protagonist's internal struggles alongside his external challenges. Key issues examined include grief, trauma, and the pursuit of justice, highlighting how these elements shape character development and influence the narrative's progression. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method and thorough film analysis, the study reveals that John Wick's journey transcends mere revenge; it represents a complex psychological quest for closure, identity, and moral reconciliation. The findings emphasize the significance of emotions, ethical dilemmas, and personal values in character-driven narratives, illustrating how internal conflicts affect external actions. This research adds to broader discussions on the psychological depth of cinematic characters and underscores the universal themes of loss and resilience. Future studies could investigate similar analyses across different genres to deepen our understanding of character psychology and audience engagement.

Pragmatics is a subdiscipline of linguistics that studies the application of language in social communication by considering situational factors, the purpose of the conversation, and the status of the interlocutor. The main focus of this research is on directive speech acts. A directive speech act is a type of speech act aimed at prompting action from the speech partners by the speaker's direction. This research analyzes the directive speech acts in the movie Home Sweet Loan. A theoretical approach with pragmatic analysis and a methodological approach using a qualitative descriptive method are applied in this research. Data collection employs listening and recording techniques, utilizing the advanced technique of unparticipatory listening. The presentation of the data uses informal techniques. The results indicate a diversity of types of directive speech acts used in the dialogues of this film, including asking, ordering, suggesting, pleading, urging, commanding, advising, charging, and inviting. This finding highlights the importance of directive speech acts in sustaining communication between speakers and partners, clarifying the meaning of each interaction in the social dynamics portrayed in the film. This research contributes to a broader and deeper understanding of speech closely related to social context.  

This study is based on the urgency of understanding assertive speech acts as part of pragmatic studies in speech acts in the movie Sweet 20 by Ody C. Harap. Sweet 20 was chosen because of its richness in dialogue and cross-generational representation, thus allowing in-depth analysis of speech acts. This research aims to identify, classify, and analyze the form and function of assertive speech acts used by the characters in the film. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a pragmatic approach. The data were obtained through listening and note-taking techniques on the characters' speech in the movie. Data analysis refers to Searle and Galassi's speech act theory, which emphasizes assertive speech acts. The results show various forms of assertive speech acts, such as stating, telling, suggesting, boasting, complaining, reporting, expressing positive emotions, self-affirmation, and expressing negative emotions, which are influenced by the social and cultural context in the movie. This research contributes to the development of pragmatics studies in linguistics, can be used as a reference in learning Indonesian, especially speaking skills, and provides further insight into the use of speech acts in audio-visual media.

This study is driven by the researcher’s interest in exploring the various forms of expressive speech acts that appear in the movie “Budi Pekerti.” The primary objective of this research is to identify the types of expressive speech acts performed by the characters in the film. Data were collected using observation and note-taking methods, specifically the free listening approach (simak bebas libat cakap, SBLC) and recording techniques. The analysis was conducted using a pragmatic framework, focusing on dialogue excerpts from the film’s characters. The findings reveal that the characters utilize seven types of expressive speech acts: expressing gratitude, giving praise, apologizing, criticizing, complaining, insinuating, and blaming. This study demonstrates that the expressive speech acts in “Budi Pekerti” are closely tied to the social and cultural context of the story. Each type of expressive speech act conveys functions and meanings that reflect the characters’ emotions and attitudes in specific situations. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of how expressive speech acts are used in film media and serves as a reference for future studies related to language use in diverse social and cultural contexts.

A speech act is a medium to express an idea and emotion of a person. Speech acts have several types, one of which is illocutionary speech acts. One form of illocutionary speech acts is assertive speech acts. This assertive illocutionary speech act is found in everyday life, one of which is through movie media. The purpose of this research is to identify and describe the form of assertive illocutionary speech acts contained in the movie "Rumah Dinas Bapak" and to describe the purpose and meaning contained in the movie. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative and theoretical approach in the form of written or spoken words from individuals and observable behavior. The result of the research that has been done is that there are nine assertive illocutionary speech acts in the movie studied. "Apa jangan-jangan maling mas?" is one of the assertive illocutionary speech acts of speculating. The benefit of this research is that it helps readers improve their understanding of the intent and meaning contained in an utterance and apply them correctly in daily life.

Extreme poverty remains a major challenge in rural areas of Indonesia, including Nagori Bandar Manik, Pamatang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency. The 2025 UINSU Community Service Program (KKN) was carried out to empower local communities through various activities covering economic, educational, religious, social-environmental, and health aspects. This program employed a qualitative approach by involving active community participation in needs assessment, socialization, training, and evaluation. In the economic aspect, workshops on dishwashing liquid and herbal pesticide production were implemented as alternative household businesses. The educational sector included religious moderation through a short movie screening Mabbere, anti-bullying campaigns, ecoprint totebag training, and teaching at kindergarten, elementary, and junior high school levels. In the religious field, activities included Qur’an learning after Maghrib with children and Yasin recitals for both men and women. The social-environmental aspect was realized through community clean-up, educational boards on waste decomposition, distribution of garbage bins, and environmental awareness campaigns. Meanwhile, the health aspect focused on education about clean and healthy living behaviors, stunting prevention campaigns, and community exercise. The findings revealed improvements in entrepreneurial skills, children’s literacy, spiritual values, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. The implication highlights that multidimensional community empowerment can serve as an effective strategy to reduce extreme poverty and promote sustainable village development.  

Language functions as a means of communication used by humans to convey goals, ideas, ideas, emotions, and feelings to others. This research aims to identify and describe the types of illocutionary speech acts contained in the short film “Lemantun”. This research is categorized as descriptive qualitative research. The data source for this research comes from all the speech acts contained in the short film “Lemantun”. The data analyzed includes pieces of speech allegedly containing illocutionary speech acts from the short film “Lemantun”. The data collection method used in this research is the technique of free listening and note taking. The data source utilized is the short film “Lemantun” by utilizing the analysis of speech act types according to Searle, which includes representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative. This article can be useful for students because it provides knowledge about the types of illocutionary speech acts, so it is hoped that students can identify various types of illocutionary speech acts in daily activities.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of storytelling and movie discussion methods in improving students' English speaking skills at SMA Negeri 12 Makassar. The background of this research departs from the low active participation and courage of students in using oral English in class. The method used is a hands-on practice-based learning approach, where students are asked to tell stories orally and discuss short films in English. The research subjects consisted of 36 students in grades XI-3 who were involved in interactive learning activities with the support of visual media and group discussions. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in several aspects of speaking skills, namely fluency in speaking, mastery of vocabulary, pronunciation, and students' confidence in conveying ideas and opinions. In addition, this method also encourages the development of critical thinking skills, creativity, and cooperation between students in a fun and participatory learning atmosphere. Storytelling activities allow students to express themselves freely and in a structured way, while movie discussions facilitate understanding of cultural context and authentic use of language. Thus, the application of storytelling and movie discussion methods has proven to be effective as an innovative learning strategy in developing students' English speaking skills at the high school level. This study recommends the integration of these methods in the English language learning curriculum to improve the overall quality of students' oral communication.

The advances in the movie industry have led to the rapid rise of streaming platforms, becoming increasingly popular among people. With countries around the world constantly producing movies, subtitles play an essential role in making films more accessible to a broader audience. Subtitling strategies can be defined as a translation practice involving the display of written text, usually at the bottom of the screen, to convey the original dialogues of the speakers and the information contained in the soundtrack. This study uses data from the lk21 website and analyzes it using Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies theory, which consists of ten specific methods for audiovisual translation: Expansion, Paraphrase, Transfer, Imitation, Transcription, Deletion, Dislocation, Condensation, Decimation, and Resignation. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted in this study with observation, classification, and note-taking of each subtitle, suitable for the research, and describing the subtitling strategies applied in the movie. The findings show that seven strategies were applied in the Indonesian subtitles, namely paraphrase, transfer, condensation, imitation, deletion, dislocation, and expansion. Among them, paraphrase emerged as the most frequently used strategy, likely because figurative or culture-specific expressions in the source text often required adaptation to preserve their meaning for Indonesian viewers. On the other hand, expansion was identified as the least applied strategy, suggesting that the original dialogues rarely demanded additional explanation. Overall, the strategic use of these methods contributed to producing subtitles that were coherent, culturally adapted, and highly accessible to the target audience.

This study investigates the use of lexical hedges by male and female characters in the animated film “Tinker Bell” (2008), focusing on differences in variation and communicative functions based on gender. The analysis employs Lakoff’s theory of women’s language and Holmes' framework of language functions. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through documentation and audio-visual observation from the film’s transcript. The results also indicate that although both genders employ lexical hedges, female characters tend to demonstrate a broader range of forms and functions. The findings highlight how hedges not only reflect gendered communication styles but also contribute to character development and narrative flow within the film. This study contributes to understanding gendered communication patterns in animated media and how they reflect broader sociolinguistic dynamics.