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Abstract. PT XYZ, a wooden furniture manufacturing company, served as the research site for this study which applied the Theory of Constraints (TOC) method to analyze production performance and identify bottlenecks. The company faces capacity imbalances between workstations, resulting in production targets that have not been achieved optimally. Data collection involved direct observation and interviews with related parties in the production area. The analysis was conducted by comparing the required capacity with the available capacity at each production workstation. The findings reveal that solid processing, machining, sanding, assembling, painting, and packing have sufficient available capacities to meet production requirements, thus categorized as non-bottleneck processes. In contrast, the panel processing station is identified as the main bottleneck due to its highest workload among all processes. By implementing the Theory of Constraints, the company can identify major constraints and establish improvement priorities to enhance production flow smoothness. It is expected that improvements in bottleneck processes will increase production efficiency, balance capacity among workstations, and support more optimal achievement of production targets. Keywords: bottleneck; capacity; manufacturing; production performance; theory of constraints   Abstrak. PT XYZ sebuah perusahaan manufaktur furnitur kayu, menjadi lokasi penelitian ini yang menggunakan metode Theory of Constraints (TOC) untuk menganalisis kinerja produksi dan mengidentifikasi bottleneck. Perusahaan menghadapi ketidakseimbangan kapasitas antar stasiun kerja yang menyebabkan target produksi belum terdengar secara optimal. Pengumpulan data meliputi observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan pihak terkait di area produksi. Analisis dilaksanakan dengan membandingkan kapasitas yang dibutuhkan terhadap kapasitas yang tersedia pada setiap stasiun kerja produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembahanan solid, machining, sanding, assembling, painting, dan packing memiliki kapasitas yang tersedia yang masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan produksi, sehingga termasuk kategori non-bottleneck. Sebaliknya, stasiun kerja pembahanan panel diidentifikasi sebagai bottleneck utama karena memiliki tingkat beban kerja tertinggi di antara seluruh proses. Dengan penerapan Theory of Constraints, perusahaan dapat mengidentifikasi kendala utama dan menentukan prioritas perbaikan untuk meningkatkan kelancaran aliran produksi. Diharapkan perbaikan pada proses bottleneck dapat meningkatkan efisiensi produksi, menyeimbangkan kapasitas antar stasiun kerja, serta mendukung pencapaian target output perusahaan secara lebih optimal. Kata kunci: bottleneck; kapasitas; kinerja produksi; manufaktur; theory of constraints

This study is motivated by the importance of maintaining consumer satisfaction amidst increasingly fierce competition in the culinary business, where Warteg Bunana faces challenges in the form of a decline in the number of customers over the past two years. The objective of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of social media promotion, location, and perceived value on consumer satisfaction at Warteg Bunana in Batam City. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a survey method through the distribution of questionnaires to 100 respondents selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis via SPSS software. The findings indicate that simultaneously, social media promotion, location, and perceived value have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction with an F value of 21,940 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Partially, all three variables also have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.407 shows that these variables explain 40.7% of consumer satisfaction. The implications of this research suggest that Warteg Bunana management needs to increase social media promotion consistently and maintain location comfort and service quality to improve consumers' perceived value on a sustainable basis

The Karanggawang, Demak location, service quality, and facilities offered by Jaya Abadi Motor Workshop are all examined in this study in connection to customer satisfaction. The study used quantitative methods to choose hundreds of volunteers. SPSS version 26 was utilized for the analysis, which employed multiple linear regression. Service quality, location, and resources all affect customer satisfaction, the results showed. An Adjusted R2 score of 0.440 indicates that these three factors explain 44% of the variation in customer satisfaction.

The increasing complexity of urban road networks demands intelligent navigation systems capable of determining optimal routes efficiently. This research implements the Dijkstra Shortest Path algorithm to optimize route search on a location navigation system in Medan City. The system models a road network as a weighted graph comprising 57 strategic locations and over 90 road connections, represented using adjacency list data structures. The Dijkstra algorithm, implemented in Python using the heapq module for priority queue management, achieves an optimal time complexity of O((V+E) log V). The system features five main functions: shortest route search, popular routes, location listing, dynamic location addition, and dynamic road connection addition. System testing using a case study from Kualanamu Airport to the University of North Sumatra (USU) yielded an optimal route of 16.5 km through 4 road segments. Results demonstrate that the system successfully determines the most efficient route, provides accurate distance and travel time information for multiple transport modes (motorcycle, car, walking), and presents step-by-step journey guidance. This research contributes as a practical reference for applying shortest path algorithms in urban areas and serves as a foundation for developing more complex navigation applications in the future.

This community service program aimed to strengthen the capacity of economic institutions and community business groups in villages and urban areas within the OVOP program locations in East Flores Regency. The program responded to the growing need for adaptive business strategies in the digital era and the importance of developing local potential into competitive products. It was implemented through a participatory, educative, and applicative approach during September 8–12, 2025. The training methods included lectures, interactive discussions, case studies, hands-on practice, and simulations to ensure a balance between theoretical understanding and practical application. The findings indicate significant improvements in participants’ understanding of the OVOP concept, managerial competencies, financial administration, and technical skills in product processing, packaging, and labeling. In addition, participants demonstrated increased awareness and ability in applying digital marketing strategies to expand market reach. The program also fostered stronger collaboration networks among business groups, economic institutions, and local government stakeholders. High participant engagement and active involvement throughout the sessions reflect the effectiveness of the training design. Overall, this program contributes to enhancing local economic resilience and promoting sustainable, competitive, and community-based enterprises. The study highlights the importance of continuous mentoring, institutional strengthening, and policy support to sustain the long-term impact of capacity-building initiatives in rural and semi-urban areas.

This study investigates the influence of drug availability, location, and service quality on consumer purchasing decisions at Toko Obat Zahwa Batam. The phenomenon underlying this research is a significant decline of 23.3% in transactions at Toko Obat Zahwa over three years (2022–2024). A quantitative approach with survey method was employed, involving 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS 26. The results indicate that drug availability has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions (t = 5.390; sig. = .000), service quality has a positive and significant effect (t = 4.700; sig. = .000), while location does not significantly influence purchasing decisions (t = –0.556; sig. = .579). Simultaneously, all three variables significantly affect purchasing decisions (F = 38.203; sig. = .000) and explain 53.0% of the variance (Adjusted R² = .530). The dominant influence of drug availability confirms the need-driven nature of pharmaceutical retail purchases, while the non-significant effect of location reflects habitual buying behavior among loyal consumers. These findings provide practical implications for independent drug store management in competitive markets.

The need for housing is increasingly pressing with population growth and urbanization, while affordability remains a challenge for single-income households. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the impact of price also location on home purchase decisions using a literature review. This approach involves reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, undergraduate theses, also previous investigation reports that discuss factors influencing home purchase decisions. The study concludes that price plays a positive also significant role in home purchase decisions, as consumers prefer homes with prices commensurate with their purchasing power and the quality offered. Location has also been shown to influence decisions, particularly when housing is conveniently situated at a key location  and the availability of public facilities. However, certain studies indicate that price and location are not always the primary determinants of decision-making, as other variables such as promotion, brand image, product quality, and lifestyle also play a role.

This research focuses on the creation and implementation of a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the position of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Wonomulyo District, Polewali Mandar Regency. The rationale behind this research is rooted in the rapid economic and demographic development in the area, which requires easy access to financial services. However, the distribution of existing ATM points is still uneven, where people in rural areas often have to travel long distances to reach the nearest ATM. The method of creating this system involves the use of the PHP programming language along with a MySQL database. This system aims to present spatial information about the current ATM location accurately, thereby helping the public in finding banking services with high accuracy through an interactive map interface. In addition, this system offers optimal paths to ATM locations to improve user time efficiency. System evaluation was conducted using black box techniques to verify that the menu operations and application procedures function as intended. The findings indicate that the implementation of GIS improves public access while offering data assistance for financial institutions and local governments in developing a more equitable and systematic public facility allocation strategy in the future.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor internal (sumber daya manusia, modal usaha, dan kualitas produk) serta faktor eksternal (harga dan lokasi) terhadap keberhasilan usaha UMKM milik women Generasi Z di Kota Kupang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari seluruh UMKM di Kota Kupang, dengan sampel sebanyak 60 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik sampling kuota, yang terdiri dari 10 responden dari masing-masing 6 kecamatan di Kota Kupang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan SPSS. Validasi dilakukan melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, serta analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya manusia, modal usaha, dan kualitas produk memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kesuksesan usaha UMKM milik perempuan Generasi Z di Kota Kupang. Sementara itu, harga memiliki efek yang signifikan namun negatif, artinya ketidakakuratan dalam penetapan harga dapat mengurangi minat beli konsumen. Di sisi lain, lokasi usaha tidak memiliki efek yang signifikan, yang menunjukkan bahwa peran lokasi semakin berkurang seiring dengan perkembangan pemasaran digital.

Di PPK Alif Laam Miim, observasi menunjukkan bahwa santri kelas 7 dan 9 terus mengalami masalah mengelola waktu, seperti menunda tugas dan bingung karena jadwal bertabrakan. Dengan menggunakan triangulasi dan analisis tematik, studi kasus ini menggunakan wawancara dan observasi terhadap lima santri dan satu guru BK. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa budaya pesantren, disiplin, dan interaksi dengan layanan BK dipengaruhi oleh manajemen waktu. Guru BK berperan penting dalam menetapkan prioritas, membuat rutinitas, dan mendorong disiplin. Perubahan, seperti jadwal yang lebih terorganisir, sangat membantu santri. Meskipun penelitian terbatas pada sampel kecil dan satu lokasi, keberhasilan lebih dipengaruhi oleh kualitas interaksi konselor daripada disiplin semata.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities with high economic value. Vaname shrimp production in Indonesia continues to increase. However, obstacles sometimes arise in cultivation activities, such as the emergence of shrimp diseases and poor water quality. High stocking density and shrimp feeding can cause a decline in water quality. In addition, pond water quality is influenced by pond location and the surrounding environment, such as agriculture, settlements, mangroves, and the sea. This causes ponds to have different water qualities. One of the diseases that often attacks shrimp farming is caused by the bacterium Vibrio sp. The abundance of Vibrio sp. bacteria is closely related to pond water quality and the environmental conditions around the pond. The methods used were TPC testing and multiple linear regression testing. Based on the results of the study, the abundance of Vibrio sp. bacteria in pond A was the highest at 8.3 x 102, and pond C had the lowest at 3.1 x 102. Water quality testing in three different ponds showed safe limits for cultivation, except for nitrite testing. Based on the simple linear regression test, the water quality parameters that significantly affect the abundance of Vibrio sp. bacteria are pH, temperature, and nitrite.  

This study aims to determine the influence of Social Media Marketing, Influencer Marketing, and Location on Generation Z Customer Loyalty at Kedai Wanus Kediri. This research is quantitative. Data were obtained through two methods: primary and secondary data. The population in this study were Generation Z consumers at Kedai Wanus Kediri. The sample in this study was 100 consumers, with accidental sampling as the sampling technique. The analysis techniques used in this study included validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the partial t-test indicate that the variables Social Media Marketing, Influencer Marketing, and Location have a positive and significant effect on Generation Z Customer Loyalty at Kedai Wanus Kediri. The results of the simultaneous F-test indicate that Social Media Marketing, Influencer Marketing, and Location have a positive and significant effect on Generation Z Customer Loyalty at Kedai Wanus Kediri.

Lingkungan rumah yang memiliki tempat penampungan air tanpa pengelolaan yang baik berpotensi menjadi lokasi perkembangbiakan nyamuk vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) melalui penerapan perilaku 3M serta penggunaan larvasida abate pada wadah air yang sulit untuk dikuras. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan Program GEMA (Gerakan Bersama Hapus Jentik) yang mengintegrasikan edukasi 3M dan pemberian abate sebagai langkah pengendalian jentik nyamuk di Desa Sambung. Program dilaksanakan pada tanggal 19–21 Januari dengan metode edukatif partisipatif melalui kunjungan rumah ke rumah. Tahapan kegiatan meliputi pemeriksaan keberadaan jentik, pemberian abate pada tempat penampungan air tertentu, serta edukasi mengenai penggunaan abate dan penerapan 3M. Evaluasi observasional dilakukan pada 22 Januari. Kegiatan ini menjangkau 1.360 rumah di empat dusun. Hasil pemeriksaan awal menunjukkan lebih dari separuh rumah masih ditemukan jentik nyamuk. Setelah intervensi, persentase rumah yang berpotensi terdapat jentik mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Program GEMA efektif dalam menekan potensi keberadaan jentik nyamuk serta meningkatkan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam upaya pencegahan DBD.

 Road infrastructure development is an important factor in supporting community mobility and equitable regional development. However, road construction data management in Palembang City still faces various problems, such as scattered data, lack of integration, and not yet presented in a map-based visual form. This study aims to implement a Geographic Information System (GIS) as a medium for location mapping and presenting road construction data information in Sematang Borang and Kalidoni Districts, Palembang City. The methods used include field observation, road construction data collection and verification, GPS coordinate point retrieval, spatial and non-spatial data processing, and the development of a GIS system based on interactive digital maps. The results of the study indicate that the system is able to present road construction information in a structured, accurate, and easily accessible manner. This GIS helps improve the efficiency of the monitoring process, data management, and preparation of road construction reports at the Palembang City Public Works and Housing Agency. Thus, the application of GIS can be a supporting solution in decision-making and encourage the digitalization of road infrastructure data management.

The empowerment program for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Takaras Village, Manuhing Subdistrict, Gunung Mas Regency, was carried out to address the problem of low business visibility due to limited promotional media and minimal use of digital technology. Most MSMEs still relied on traditional word-of-mouth promotion, which restricted market reach and reduced competitiveness. To overcome this, the KKN Reguler I Team Group 55 of the University of Palangka Raya implemented activities consisting of informational banner installation and business location registration on Google Maps. The methods included field surveys, banner design planning using simple digital tools, direct assistance in location registration, and banner installation at business sites. The program involved 26 MSMEs, of which 18 received banner support. The installation of banners provided a clearer visual identity for each business, while the use of Google Maps significantly improved consumer accessibility to business locations and services. The results showed that the combination of offline (banners) and online (Google Maps) promotion was effective in increasing product visibility, attracting more customers, and strengthening consumer trust. This initiative also encouraged MSMEs to adopt digital technology in their marketing strategies. Overall, the program made a tangible contribution to the digital transformation of local MSMEs and laid the foundation for sustainable community economic competitiveness

The community service program entitled “Implementation of Digital Technology through Mapping MSME Locations on Google Maps to Enhance Consumer Accessibility in the Bukit Lawang Tourism Area” aims to improve digital literacy and business visibility among local micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Bukit Lawang, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The program was carried out using a participatory approach through socialization, training, and technical assistance involving four local MSMEs, consisting of two wildlife-themed painting craftsmen, one culinary business, and one souvenir craftsman. The results show that all MSMEs were successfully registered and verified on Google Maps, leading to increased consumer accessibility and customer interaction through digital reviews. In addition to expanding market reach, this activity also fostered awareness and independence among business owners in managing their online business profiles. This program demonstrates that location mapping through Google Maps serves as a simple yet effective strategy to support MSME digital transformation and strengthen community-based creative economies in rural tourism areas.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan merealisasikan antena mikrostrip patch berbentuk segitiga (triangular) yang bekerja pada frekuensi 1800 MHz, sebagai penguat jaringan internet di kawasan Kebun Raya Balikpapan. Lokasi tersebut diketahui memiliki kualitas sinyal yang kurang baik untuk beberapa provider. Antena yang dirancang menggunakan dua konfigurasi, yaitu MIMO 8x8 dengan teknik pencatuan langsung dan array 8x1, yang kemudian disimulasikan menggunakan CST Studio Suite 2019 dan diuji performansinya menggunakan metode Speedtest. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa antena 8x8 memiliki nilai VSWR sebesar 1,50, return loss -12,96 dB, dan gain 4,06 dBi dengan pola radiasi omnidirectional. Sementara itu, konfigurasi 8x1 array menunjukkan nilai VSWR 1,24, return loss -19,21 dB, dan gain 6,46 dBi, juga dengan pola radiasi omnidirectional. Hasil pengujian di lapangan dengan tiga kondisi tanpa antena eksternal, antena MIMO dan antena array 8x1 didapatkan hasil bahwa antena array 8x1 memberikan kecepatan unduh tertinggi mencapai 17,227 Mbps, unggah 4,072 Mbps, Jitter 34,9 ms  dan packet loss 14,18 % sedangkan antena MIMO 8x8 memberikan kecepatan unduh tertinggi mencapai 13,77 Mbps, unggah 2,462 Mbps, Jitter 49,9 ms  dan packet loss 18,43%. Kesimpulannya, kedua jenis antena eksternal yakni MIMO 8x8 dan array 8x1 mampu meningkatkan performa jaringan secara signifikan dan dapat menjadi solusi efektif untuk daerah dengan sinyal lemah. Antena ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap akses internet yang lebih stabil di area public yang sangat luas.

This study aims to analyze the influence of location, promotion, and service on purchasing decisions at Toko Lia 99 Semarang. The background of this research is based on the increasing competition in the retail business, which requires companies to pay attention to factors that can influence consumers’ purchasing decisions. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents who are customers of Toko Lia 99 Semarang. The research instrument was a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results show that, partially, the location variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The promotion variable also has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Likewise, the service variable is proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, location, promotion, and service have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh lokasi, biaya kuliah, dan promosi terhadap minat mahasiswa untuk melanjutkan studi di Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis (ITB) Semarang. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada faktor-faktor eksternal yang diduga memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan minat mahasiswa dalam memilih perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner berbasis Google Form. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa ITB Semarang, sedangkan sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa tahun ajaran 2024/2025 yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 65 orang. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi linear berganda untuk menguji pengaruh dari  masing-masing variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi, biaya kuliah, dan promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat mahasiswa memilih ITB Semarang sebagai tempat melanjutkan pendidikan tinggi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa semakin strategis lokasi kampus, semakin terjangkau biaya kuliah, dan semakin efektif promosi yang dilakukan, maka semakin tinggi minat mahasiswa untuk mendaftar.

This research extends the previous work of Tsaqila, Winiarti, and Widaningrum (2024), who applied the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method within a decision support system for supermarket branch location selection. Unlike the prior study, which focused on Ponorogo through a web-based framework, this study expands the implementation of COPRAS to the Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Polonia, dan Medan Maimun districts, adapting it to local urban, social, and economic characteristics. The main objective is to identify the most strategic site for a new supermarket by analyzing multiple criteria, including land cost, population density, accessibility, safety, cleanliness, and disaster risk. Data were collected from both field surveys and official government publications. The findings reveal that the COPRAS method provides reliable and objective assessments among the evaluated alternatives, with Medan Area emerging as the most suitable location for supermarket development. Overall, this study broadens the practical scope of the COPRAS method in a different regional context and reinforces its reliability and adaptability as a multi-criteria decision-making tool in the modern retail industry.