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Breastfeeding should ideally begin immediately after birth and be provided exclusively for the first six months of life. However, in 2022, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–6 months in Jayapura was only 21%, which remains far below the national target of 45%. Various factors contribute to this low coverage, including limited knowledge, lack of experience, insufficient support systems, and concerns among adolescent mothers that breastfeeding may interfere with their education or employment. This study aimed to explore the breastfeeding experiences of adolescent mothers in Wahno Village, Abepura Subdistrict. A qualitative research design was used, with structured interviews conducted using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the initiation of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers was generally positive. Participants reported mixed emotional experiences, including feelings of happiness, pride, stress, and discomfort. Family support, particularly from husbands, played an important role in sustaining breastfeeding practices. Most respondents also demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding how to manage breastfeeding-related challenges. Overall, adolescent mothers in Wahno Village showed a reasonable level of understanding and commitment toward exclusive breastfeeding. Continued education and support are recommended to further strengthen breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers and their families.

Background: Low immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding coverage are problems in various regions. This program is caused by a lack of maternal knowledge and family support. This problem increases the risk of infection, growth disorders, and impacts the health status of infants. Therefore, the IMASI MOVEMENT (Immunization and Exclusive Breastfeeding Movement) is needed to increase community knowledge and participation regarding infant and toddler health. Method: The methods used include interactive counseling, demonstrations of breastfeeding techniques according to the pink book (KIA), distribution of leaflets, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. Evaluation was carried out on aspects of structure, process, results, and impact of the activity. Results: The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge scores by ?50–60% after education. Participant attendance reached ?85% of the target, and there was an increase in participation in integrated health post activities compared to the previous month. Discussion: The increase in knowledge scores in the post-test results compared to the pre-test indicates that the educational intervention is effective in increasing mothers' understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the importance of immunization. These findings indicate that community-based health education is an effective strategy to improve maternal health literacy and has the potential to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization. Conclusion: This program has proven effective in increasing awareness and health behavior of mothers and toddlers as an effort to prevent stunting and infectious diseases.

Abstract. Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, necessitating health promotion and prevention efforts through health education. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leaflets in health promotion to prevent stunting in mothers with toddlers. The method used was a literature review with the PRISMA approach, by searching for articles in the Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, and Neliti databases using the keywords "stunting," "leaflet," "health promotion," and "health education." Of the 55 articles found, 16 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leaflets can improve mothers' understanding and attitudes regarding stunting prevention, including knowledge about balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Leaflets were considered practical, easy to understand, and can be used repeatedly as a means of public health education. The conclusion of this study states that leaflets are effective for use in health promotion as a measure to prevent stunting in community nursing practice.

Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial step in improving infant health, yet it remains under-practiced in Indonesia. This is primarily due to a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes among mothers. Health education using leaflets has become a popular strategy in community-based nursing due to its simplicity and ease of understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leaflets in improving maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria for intervention studies using information leaflets with pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women. Twenty original articles meeting these criteria were analyzed. The results showed that most studies found a significant increase in maternal knowledge after distribution of information leaflets (p < 0.005). Furthermore, improvements in attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding were observed, although practices varied. Many studies have shown that audiovisual materials are more effective than leaflets, although leaflets are easier to use and distribute. Factors such as social support and infrastructure influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This study concluded that leaflets were effective in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding and remained valuable inhome care, especially when combined with other educational methods

Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial step in improving infant health, yet it remains under-practiced in Indonesia. This is primarily due to a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes among mothers. Health education using leaflets has become a popular strategy in community-based nursing due to its simplicity and ease of understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leaflets in improving maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria for intervention studies using information leaflets with pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women. Twenty original articles meeting these criteria were analyzed. The results showed that most studies found a significant increase in maternal knowledge after distribution of information leaflets (p < 0.005). Furthermore, improvements in attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding were observed, although practices varied. Many studies have shown that audiovisual materials are more effective than leaflets, although leaflets are easier to use and distribute. Factors such as social support and infrastructure influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This study concluded that leaflets were effective in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding and remained valuable inhome care, especially when combined with other educational methods

Abstract. Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, necessitating health promotion and prevention efforts through health education. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leaflets in health promotion to prevent stunting in mothers with toddlers. The method used was a literature review with the PRISMA approach, by searching for articles in the Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, and Neliti databases using the keywords "stunting," "leaflet," "health promotion," and "health education." Of the 55 articles found, 16 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the use of leaflets can improve mothers' understanding and attitudes regarding stunting prevention, including knowledge about balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Leaflets were considered practical, easy to understand, and can be used repeatedly as a means of public health education. The conclusion of this study states that leaflets are effective for use in health promotion as a measure to prevent stunting in community nursing practice.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still a public health challenge because it has a direct impact on infant health. Factors that cause low coverage of breastfeeding include problems in the breastfeeding process, economic conditions, environmental support, and socio-cultural aspects. Milk production is influenced by the hormone prolactin, while milk production is influenced by the hormone oxytocin. One of the interventions that has been proven to help with breast milk production is oxytocin massage. Based on this, this community service activity was carried out as an effort to increase breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. The method of the activity is in the form of health counseling to pregnant women in the third trimester with educational media in the form of presentation materials. The activity was complemented by discussions, questions and answers, and demonstrations of the right oxytocin massage techniques to strengthen participants' understanding. The implementation of the activity went well and received enthusiasm from the participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in pregnant women's knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and skills in performing oxytocin massage. Thus, this activity is expected to support the increase in exclusive breastfeeding coverage through the empowerment of pregnant and lactating women, as well as a promotive-preventive strategy in maintaining the health of babies in a sustainable manner.

Breast milk (ASI) is the best source of nutrition for newborns because it contains complete, safe, and stable nutrients, thus supporting optimal growth and development of infants. However, some breastfeeding mothers still do not fully understand the sufficiency of breast milk and its benefits for babies. Therefore, health education efforts are needed to improve the knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding mothers regarding breastfeeding. Health education is an educational activity aimed at inviting and encouraging the community to be willing to take actions that can maintain and improve health. This health education activity on the sufficiency of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers was held on January 24, 2026, at the Sungai Durian Community Health Center (UPTD). The method used in this activity was the delivery of material through health counseling accompanied by a measurement of the level of knowledge using pretest and posttest questionnaires. After the presentation of the material, breastfeeding mothers were asked to complete a posttest questionnaire to assess their understanding of the material that had been provided. The measurement results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores, indicating an increase in knowledge of breastfeeding mothers after being provided with health education. Thus, it can be concluded that health education activities about breast milk sufficiency are effective in increasing the understanding of breastfeeding mothers regarding the importance of providing sufficient breast milk for babies.

Exclusive breastfeeding is the provision of only breast milk without any other food or drink from birth to six months of age. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding is very important in supporting infant growth and development and reducing infant morbidity and mortality. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still not optimal, including for mothers with first-born children (first-born toddlers). This study aims to determine the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in first-born toddlers in the work area of ​​Dewantara Health Center, North Aceh with variables of knowledge, attitude, and support for breastfeeding. This study uses a quantitative research type with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all mothers who had their first-born children (first-born toddlers) in the work area of ​​Dewantara Health Center, as many as 30 people. The sampling technique used total sampling so that the entire sample population was used. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed no significant relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.241), no relationship between maternal attitudes and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.786), and no relationship between breastfeeding support and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.850). The conclusion of this study is that knowledge, attitudes, and support for breastfeeding are not significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding in first-born toddlers. It is recommended that health workers improve breastfeeding education and support, and strengthen family support for the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Health issues are complex and require new ideas for their resolution. Public health focuses on disease prevention, health promotion, and physical, mental, and social therapy. Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and women’s health throughout their life cycle are crucial public health issues as they have a significant impact on the quality of human resources in a generation. In Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency, problems such as the lack of knowledge among pregnant women about Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), pregnancy anemia, Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), balanced nutrition, and weaning have been identified. To address these issues, a Community Midwifery Care program based on community service was carried out, which included counseling, training, demonstrations, and simulations. The results of this activity showed a positive response and active participation from the community in Pukdale Village in the programs implemented by the students. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of pregnant women about CED, pregnancy anemia, EBF, as well as the knowledge of mothers of infants about balanced nutrition and weaning. This is expected to improve the overall health status of the community in the village.

Nutritional problems can occur due to two factors, namely direct factors and indirect factors. Direct factors are unbalanced nutritional intake and infectious diseases. The achievement of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Pesawaran Regency during 2014-2019 fluctuated. In 2014, babies who received exclusive breastfeeding were 30.19%, in 2015 it decreased to 20.85%, in 2016 it increased to 49.76% and in 2019 it was 50.48% and still below the expected national target of 80% 11. Based on the results of a pre-survey of 30 breastfeeding mothers, there were 17 mothers (56.6%) with an average age of 15-25 years and most of them with low levels of education who did not provide exclusive breastfeeding on the grounds that the mother worked and did not get support from her husband to provide exclusive breastfeeding (Pesawaran Regency Health Office). The purpose of this community service activity is to increase mothers' knowledge about fulfilling balanced nutrition and exclusive breastfeeding so that toddlers are free from stunting.

The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding data globally, although there has been an increase, has not increased significantly, which is around 44% of the target of 50%. Factors suspected of influencing failure are knowledge, perception, family support, and employment. Objective: To determine the factors influencing the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with babies aged 6-12 months. Method: This type of research is descriptive analytical using the cross-sectional method. The study was conducted at RSIA Murni Teguh Rosiva Medan. The population was 62 people and all of them were used as samples (total sampling). Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The analysis was conducted univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test. Results: Factors that influence the failure of exclusive breastfeeding at the Murni Teguh Rosiva Mother and Child Hospital Medan are perception (p = 0.000 <0.05), family support (p = 0.015 <0.05), and work (p = 0.032 <0.05), while the knowledge variable has no effect (p = 0.654 > 0.05). Conclusion: perception, support, family and work influence the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Suggestion: It is recommended that nurses at the Murni Teguh Rosiva Medan Hospital encourage new mothers to only give breast milk to their babies until they are 6 months old

Exclusive breastfeeding ensures the optimal development of children's potential intelligence. Babies without complete exclusive breastfeeding are more vulnerable to malnutrition. They face risks of both under-nutrition and over-nutrition. This study aims to determine the correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status among infants in Kuta Cot Glie Public Health Center, Aceh Besar. This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 74 infants aged 0-6 months, selected using a Total Sampling technique. The study was conducted from May 1st to 23rd, 2025. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test. Of the total 74 respondents, 44 respondents (59.5%) had a normal nutritional status. Additionally, 43 respondents (58.1%) were exclusively breastfed. The Chi-Square test showed a p-value = 0.001 < 0.05. The findings indicate a correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status in infants. This study suggests that mothers exclusively breastfeed their babies. Therefore, mothers should also increase their knowledge by seeking information from various sources, such as clinics and professionals. This can help them understand the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and how to prevent malnutrition in infants.

Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) is the provision of only breast milk to infants for the first six months without additional food or drink, including water. Breast milk has important benefits in improving infant health, growth, and survival. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, including in the Pasar Health Center in Prabumulih City, has not yet reached the national target of 80%. One factor influencing the success of exclusive breastfeeding is husband's support. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 49 mothers with infants aged 7–12 months. The study was conducted in the Pasar Health Center in May 2025. The results showed that 28 infants (57.1%) received exclusive breastfeeding, and 30 mothers (61.2%) reported receiving support from their husbands. Statistical tests using the chi-square test showed a significant relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000). These findings indicate that husband's support plays an important role in successful breastfeeding. This research suggests that involving husbands in breastfeeding education and support is highly recommended to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

Exclusive breastfeeding, sometimes known as ASI, is the practice of giving infants only breast milk, along with vitamins, supplements, and prescription medications for illnesses, and no other liquids or solid foods, either directly from the breast or expressed. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal awareness of pumping and the effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding at the Lampulo Community Health Center. This study used a cross-sectional methodology and an analytical quantitative design. 53 breastfeeding mothers constituted the study population. There were 53 respondents in total, and the sampling strategy used the total sampling method. A 20-question survey taken from Desriati Sinaga's 2024 study served as the instrument. The Lampulo Community Health Center in Banda Aceh conducted this study from May 19 to June 25, 2025. The Chi-square test results showed a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. Based on the research findings, maternal awareness of expressing breast milk is related to the success of exclusive breastfeeding at the Lampulo Community Health Center. These findings are expected to form the basis for more comprehensive instructions for breastfeeding mothers to improve the success of exclusive breastfeeding with expressed breast milk.

Background: Colostrum is the first natural food for newborns, containing essential nutrients and antibodies that protect against infection. Health education for pregnant women in their third trimester is crucial to enhance their knowledge and practices regarding colostrum provision. Despite the global decline in neonatal mortality, the rate remains high, partly due to limited access and low quality of neonatal care. In Indonesia, particularly in Semarang, although exclusive breastfeeding coverage has improved, many mothers still lack understanding of colostrum’s importance and remain influenced by misconceptions. Preliminary studies revealed insufficient knowledge among pregnant women about colostrum. Method: This study applied a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The intervention group received health education, while the control group did not. Results: Before intervention, most respondents in both groups had poor knowledge. After the intervention, knowledge in the intervention group increased significantly, with 88.8% reaching a good category, while the control group showed no significant change. Furthermore, 94.4% of mothers in the intervention group gave colostrum, compared with only 33.3% in the control group. Conclusion: Health education is an effective strategy to increase maternal knowledge and encourage colostrum practice, dispelling myths and promoting better neonatal outcomes.

Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children under five years old caused by inadequate nutritional intake and recurrent infections, especially in the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal nutritional knowledge are key factors that influence the incidence of stunting. Indonesia faces a high prevalence of stunting, which can impact the quality of human resources in the future if not addressed immediately. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6–12 months in the working area of ​​Kuala Bangka Health Center, Kualuh Hilir District, North Labuhan Batu Regency in 2021. Method: This study used a case-control design with a sample of 110 respondents (55 cases and 55 controls) selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed a significant association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.002; OR = 4.394; 95% CI = 1.709–11.295), where infants who were not exclusively breastfed had a 4.4 times greater risk of experiencing stunting than infants who received optimal exclusive breastfeeding. However, there was no significant association between maternal nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.233). Conclusion: The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was proven to be associated with the incidence of stunting, while maternal knowledge did not show a significant association. Stunting prevention efforts should focus on improving the practice of appropriate and comprehensive exclusive breastfeeding, accompanied by practice-based nutrition education that mothers can apply in childcare.

The prevalence of stunting globally in 2021 reached 171 million to 314 million. In Indonesia, the results of the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) showed that the stunting rate in 2019 was 27.7%, in 2021 it was 24.4%, and in 2022 it was 21.4%. Child stunting is a health concern in Indonesia. Causes of stunting in children include poor nutrition, low exclusive breastfeeding rates, low birth weight (LBW), and maternal factors in providing nutrition from pregnancy to 59 months of age. Research reports that stunting is influenced by parents' lack of knowledge about balanced nutrition. Knowledge plays a vital role in the life and development of individuals and society.Purpose This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Jambu Village area, Mlonggo District, Jepara City. Method This research is a quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were mothers with toddlers in the Jambu Village area, Mlonggo District. The sampling technique used total sampling to obtain a sample of 34 respondents. Measurement of the level of knowledge of nutritional balance by providing questions with multiple choices of true and false and for stunting using Microtois and Anthropometric Table. Data processing using SPSS with a computer using the Spearman Rho statistical test.The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents had good nutritional balance knowledge, amounting to 16 (47.1%), while 17 (50.0%) respondents did not experience stunting.There is a relationship between maternal knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Jambu Village, Mlonggo District, Jepara Regency.

Stunting is a nutritional problem caused by prolonged nutritional deficiencies during the critical first 1,000 days of life (HPK). This results in growth disorders in children, resulting in a lower height or shorter stature (dwarfism) than the standard for their age. Objective: To provide information to parents of toddlers about the dangers and impacts of stunting. Nutrition education is one of the main strategies in stunting prevention by providing the community with an understanding of the importance of a healthy diet. This education includes: the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and the provision of appropriate complementary foods (MPASI), the introduction of balanced nutritious foods, especially animal protein, which supports child growth, and good hygiene practices, such as washing hands before eating and maintaining environmental sanitation. The activity was carried out by providing education on stunting prevention to parents of toddlers through outreach in Marente Village, Alas District, Sumbawa Regency. The media used in this activity were leaflets distributed to parents of toddlers. Parental knowledge after receiving the educational materials provided. Parental knowledge increased, a significant increase. Before education, only 25.0% of parents had high knowledge about stunting, while after education, this increased to 77.5%.