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The development of information and communication technology has increased the use of electronic documents in legal and business activities, thereby affecting the evidentiary system in Indonesian civil procedural law. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of electronic evidence and its evidentiary strength in resolving civil cases under Indonesian civil procedural law. The research method used is normative juridical research with statutory and library research approaches. The data were obtained from primary and secondary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that electronic evidence has been legally recognized through Law Number 11 of 2008 in conjunction with Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Its evidentiary strength has the same legal position as other forms of evidence as long as it fulfills the requirements of authenticity, integrity, and validity of electronic data. Therefore, more detailed regulations regarding authentication standards and examination procedures for electronic evidence are still needed to ensure legal certainty in civil court practices.

The digital transformation of the Indonesian judicial system through the implementation of e-court and e-litigation necessitates a redefinition of conventional evidentiary laws, which have historically been governed by the Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and the Rechtreglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg). This research aims to analyze the evidentiary strength of electronic documents as expanded means of proof in civil proceedings and to identify the challenges regarding their implementation. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that based on the principle of functional equivalence, electronic documents hold a legal status equivalent to paper-based documents, provided they meet the requirements of integrity, accessibility, and authenticity through certified electronic signatures as mandated by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. The evidentiary strength of an electronic document may reach the level of conclusive evidence, similar to an authentic deed, if supported by a reliable electronic system. However, implementation still faces technical hurdles concerning metadata verification and limited human resource competency within the judiciary. This research recommends the urgent need for a new codification of civil procedural law and the standardization of digital forensic procedures in trials to ensure legal certainty and justice for all parties in the digital era.

This study is motivated by the increasing complexity of global culture, which demands a value system capable of providing direction and meaning in human life. In this context, Islam is viewed as having the potential to serve as a global value system through a cultural concept grounded in revelatory values. This study aims to analyze the concept of culture from an Islamic perspective as a global value system by examining the thought of Ali Ahmad Madkur. The method used is a qualitative approach based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), systematically and critically examining various relevant scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that Islamic culture in Madkur’s thought is built upon two main dimensions: the normative dimension, which is derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and the practical dimension as its actualization in social life. Although this approach has strengths in maintaining the integrity of values, it still faces challenges in responding to the complex, dynamic, and hybrid nature of global cultural dynamics. Therefore, a more integrative approach is needed to ensure that Islamic cultural values remain relevant and operational in a global context. This study has implications for strengthening more contextual studies of Islamic culture and developing Islamic education that is adaptive to the changing times.

The dissemination of personal data through digital media has increased significantly alongside the growing use of Quick Response (QR) Codes for various purposes, such as electronic tickets, certificates, and digital identities. Conventional QR Codes are open and can be easily scanned, copied, or manipulated by unauthorized parties. The personal data referred to in this study includes sensitive information such as full name, identity number (NIK/National ID), date of birth, address, phone number, and email address. This research proposes a layered security system that combines the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm with steganography using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) method. The process begins with encrypting personal data using AES, converting the encrypted result into a QR Code, and embedding the QR Code into a digital image using DCT, hiding it in the image’s frequency domain. The digital images used are of fixed size and formats that preserve visual quality. System evaluation is carried out by testing the visual quality of the stego image, the success rate of QR Code extraction, and the integrity of the encrypted data. The results are expected to conceal sensitive information visually while maintaining its confidentiality, with potential applications in electronic ID cards, digital certificates, e-tickets, and other confidential documents.

This study aims to examine how nepotism can manifest through the role of informal institutions and its influence on administrative integrity within the bureaucracy. The method used is literature analysis by examining various related scientific references, such as books, journal articles, and research, which are then analyzed descriptively and analytically through identification, classification, and data integration. The research findings indicate that nepotism does not only arise from weaknesses in the official system, but is also strongly influenced by the existence of informal institutions such as personal networks, social norms, and organizational culture. This practice tends to persist within a system because it gains social recognition, making it difficult to overcome solely with regulations. The consequences include a decline in employee professionalism, weak accountability, and erosion of administrative integrity, which impacts on reduced public trust in government institutions. The implications of this study indicate that a comprehensive approach is crucial in bureaucratic reform, through strengthening the official system and changing organizational cultural values ​​to produce transparent, accountable, and dignified government management.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors of human life, including church ministry and religious organizational management. This study aims to analyze Christian leadership ethics in the use of AI within modern church ministry. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through theological literature review and analysis of recent studies concerning digital technology and pastoral ministry. The findings indicate that AI provides significant benefits for church administration, digital communication, congregational data management, and online evangelism. Nevertheless, ethical challenges also emerge, such as the weakening of pastoral relationships, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the risk of dehumanization in ministry practices. From a Christian theological perspective, ministry is fundamentally relational and incarnational, reflecting the example of Jesus Christ who ministered through personal presence, compassion, and direct interaction with people. Therefore, AI should be understood as a supportive instrument rather than a substitute for spiritual authority and pastoral presence. Christian leadership in the digital age must be grounded in integrity, transparency, spiritual discernment, and respect for human dignity as the image of God (imago Dei). This study contributes to the development of ethical guidelines for churches in utilizing AI responsibly while maintaining theological integrity and Christian spiritual values.

This study examines the integration of Al-Farabi’s and Ibn Khaldun’s values into the reconceptualization of Civic Education (PKn) in Indonesia. Civic Education has often been criticized for its normative orientation, which lacks relevance to the multicultural realities and democratic challenges of contemporary society. The objective of this research is to construct a conceptual framework that combines Al-Farabi’s emphasis on rationality, morality, and human perfection with Ibn Khaldun’s focus on social solidarity (asabiyyah) and adaptability to societal change. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with a library research design, this study analyzes classical and contemporary literature to identify the relevance of these contributions to PKn. The findings reveal that integrating Al-Farabi’s moral dimension and Ibn Khaldun’s social dimension enriches the ethical, spiritual, and civic aspects of PKn, while aligning with the foundational values of Pancasila. This integration offers a transformative model of PKn that not only develops cognitive competence but also nurtures moral integrity, social justice, and civic engagement. The implication is that PKn can serve as a holistic instrument for shaping citizens who are intellectually critical, ethically responsible, and socially cohesive. Nevertheless, the limitation of this study lies in its conceptual nature, as empirical testing has not yet been conducted, suggesting the need for further applied research to validate the proposed model.

This study aims to analyze corruption as a form of abuse of power within the public bureaucracy and its impact on the quality of public services in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method based on journals, books, and official reports. The results indicate that corruption within the bureaucracy persists in various forms, such as extortion, abuse of authority, and budget manipulation. Contributing factors include low integrity among public officials, weak oversight, and the complexity of bureaucratic procedures. The resulting impacts include a decline in service quality, inequitable access to services, and a loss of public trust in the government. Furthermore, corruption hinders bureaucratic effectiveness and slows down the national development process. These conditions demonstrate that corrupt practices not only harm state finances but also broadly affect public welfare. Therefore, efforts are needed through bureaucratic reform, strengthened oversight, and enhanced civil servant integrity to achieve transparent and accountable public services that support the establishment of good governance.

The completeness of nursing care documentation serves as a primary indicator of hospital service quality and remains a critical component of patient safety, clinical communication, and legal accountability. Despite its importance, empirical evidence from various healthcare facilities indicates that nursing records are frequently suboptimal, incomplete, or inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the complex interrelationships between burnout and coaching on the completeness of nursing care documentation, specifically examining the role of nursing competence as a mediating (intervening) variable at the Dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid General Hospital in Bekasi City. Utilizing a quantitative research framework with a cross-sectional design, this study sampled practicing nurses stationed across inpatient and intensive care units. Primary data were gathered through a validated, structured questionnaire designed to measure psychological burnout, the frequency of clinical coaching, perceived professional competence, and the objective completeness of documentation. The data were subjected to rigorous analysis using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the hypothesized pathways within the conceptual model. The results demonstrated that burnout exerts a significant negative influence on both nursing competence and the quality of documentation, suggesting that emotional exhaustion hinders professional performance. Conversely, systematic coaching was found to have a significant positive impact, directly improving both competence levels and documentation adherence. Critically, the analysis confirmed that nursing competence acts as a vital intervening variable; it effectively mediates and strengthens the influence of both burnout reduction and coaching interventions on the overall completeness of nursing care records. This study concludes that proactive burnout management and the institutionalization of structured coaching programs are essential strategic priorities. By addressing these factors, hospital management can enhance individual nurse competence, thereby ensuring high-quality, comprehensive nursing documentation that supports patient safety and institutional integrity.

This study discusses the reform of criminal law regarding acts of abuse of power within the Indonesian legal system. Abuse of power committed by public officials constitutes a serious violation of the rule of law and the principle of equality before the law because it can harm society and weaken public trust in the government. The old Criminal Code inherited from the colonial era was considered incapable of providing an optimal deterrent effect against perpetrators of abuse of authority. Therefore, the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Criminal Code became an important step in the reform of criminal law in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze criminal law reform policies in overcoming abuse of power and the effectiveness of their implementation in law enforcement. The results show that the new Criminal Code expands regulations regarding abuse of authority with stricter criminal sanctions and additional penalties in the form of revocation of office rights. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as political intervention, low integrity of law enforcement officials, and the potential overlap with the Corruption Eradication Law. Therefore, the success of criminal law reform requires the support of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture that work in harmony.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers’ personality competence in shaping students’ learning environments through a literature review approach. Personality competence reflects teachers’ stable, mature, and authoritative character, enabling them to serve as role models for students and influencing the creation of a conducive learning environment both psychologically and socially. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant official documents. The results show that teachers with positive personality traits are able to build harmonious relationships, create a comfortable classroom atmosphere, and enhance students’ learning motivation. Therefore, teachers’ personality competence is an important factor in supporting the quality of the learning environment and the success of the learning process. In addition, findings from various studies indicate that personality competence not only affects classroom interactions but also contributes to the development of students’ attitudes, discipline, and emotional stability. Teachers who demonstrate consistency, empathy, and integrity tend to foster a sense of trust and respect among students, which further strengthens classroom engagement. Moreover, a positive teacher personality helps reduce learning barriers such as anxiety, lack of confidence, and lack of participation in classroom activities. In the context of modern education, where student-centered learning is increasingly emphasized, teachers’ personality competence becomes even more essential in facilitating active learning and meaningful student involvement. Thus, strengthening teachers’ personality competence through training, reflective practice, and continuous professional development is crucial to improving overall educational quality and achieving optimal learning outcomes.

Hospitals play a strategic role in improving public health through professional, safe, and high-quality healthcare services. In modern healthcare organizations, service quality is not only determined by medical facilities and technology but also by the quality of human resources, particularly healthcare workers who directly interact with patients. This study aims to analyze the influence of authentic leadership on healthcare workers’ performance and hospital service quality. The study employed a quantitative explanatory research design involving 120 healthcare workers in a hospital setting. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that authentic leadership has a positive and significant effect on healthcare workers’ performance, with a regression coefficient value of 0.648 and a significance level of 0.000. Furthermore, authentic leadership indirectly influences hospital service quality through healthcare workers’ performance, with an indirect effect value of 0.521. These findings indicate that leaders who demonstrate honesty, transparency, integrity, and interpersonal support are able to create a healthy work environment that enhances healthcare workers’ motivation, responsibility, and professionalism. Consequently, improved employee performance contributes to better hospital service quality, particularly in responsiveness, empathy, and communication with patients. This study highlights that authentic leadership is an effective leadership approach for strengthening healthcare human resources and improving hospital service quality in contemporary healthcare organizations.

This research investigates how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices influence the tax liabilities of consumer cyclical companies in Indonesia between 2020 and 2024. By employing the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) as a proxy for tax burden, the study analyzes 160 data points from 32 purposively selected firms. Utilizing a Fixed Effect Model for panel data regression, the empirical results indicate that superior ESG performance significantly correlates with a higher ETR. This suggests that corporations with higher sustainability transparency tend to exhibit better tax compliance and avoid aggressive tax avoidance schemes. Grounded in stakeholder and legitimacy theories, these findings underscore that ethical ESG adoption strengthens public accountability and enhances the integrity of corporate governance within the Indonesian capital market.

Islamic religious education at the Madrasah Diniyah level often relies on passive, one-directional teaching methods that reduce madrasah student engagement and long-term retention. This community service study aimed to improve the quality of Fiqh instruction at Madrasah Diniyah Al-Ishlah Kalirejo, Pasuruan, by implementing kinesthetic games, Small Group Discussion (SGD), and visual teaching aids within the framework of Kitab Mabadi’ Fiqhiyyah. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through four participatory observation sessions, with visual documentation serving as primary data. The program was implemented in four thematic meetings covering funeral prayer procedures, tayammum, hajj simulation (tawaf), and najis classification. Findings indicate that kinesthetic games effectively reduced affective barriers and increased student focus, while the SGD model with a 1:8 mentor-to-student ratio enabled precise procedural correction for motor-based worship practices. The use of concrete teaching aids successfully transformed abstract Fiqh concepts into tangible, memorable knowledge. This study concludes that the integration of active learning methods, small-group mentoring, and visual media within traditional Islamic education settings can significantly enhance student engagement and comprehension. These findings offer a replicable pedagogical model for Madrasah Diniyah educators seeking to modernize instruction while preserving classical curriculum integrity.

This study aims to analyze public relations strategies in the implementation of the Mental Revolution Program through Instagram at the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The Mental Revolution represents an effort to transform public mindsets, attitudes, and behaviors based on the values of integrity, work ethic, and mutual cooperation in order to build a progressive and competitive nation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation to ensure comprehensive findings. The results indicate that the implemented public relations strategies have optimally utilized social media as a means of public communication, particularly in reaching younger audiences. These strategies include the development of positive content, cross-sector collaboration, and the use of media relations to expand information dissemination. The SWOT analysis reveals that the main strengths lie in effective team coordination, structured communication strategies, and a strong organizational culture, while weaknesses include limited human resources and insufficient technological support. Opportunities arise from extensive networks with various institutions and media, whereas threats stem from public perceptions and limited communication competencies. In practice, the Mental Revolution Program is implemented participatively through various initiatives such as Indonesia Serving, Clean, Orderly, Independent, and United, which are disseminated via Instagram. However, its implementation has not been evenly distributed across regions and has only reached approximately 70%, due to budget constraints and varying levels of commitment among local governments. Therefore, the success of this program largely depends on synergy among stakeholders and consistency in internalizing transformative values within society.

Amid the accelerating rhythm of digital culture, academic competition, and the changing patterns of student life in higher education, the formation of Muslim student character has become an increasingly urgent concern. A campus mosque can no longer be viewed merely as a place of worship; it must also be understood as a strategic nonformal Islamic educational space that nurtures spirituality, morality, social awareness, and student identity in a more contextual way. This study aims to analyze the role of the campus mosque as a space for shaping Muslim student character through the Islamic mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum, Telkom University. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on document study and thematic analysis of scholarly articles, mentoring program documents, and relevant works on campus mosques, religious moderation, and student character education. The findings show that the mentoring program at Masjid Syamsul Ulum is systematically designed through a clear structure, curriculum, methods, evaluation tools, and mentor regeneration, all of which are integrated with the institutional values of Harmony, Excellence, and Integrity. Socioculturally, the program functions not only as a medium for religious instruction but also as a process of value internalization, habituation of religious practice, strengthening of moderation, and construction of Muslim student identity within a technology-oriented university environment. This study proposes a conceptual understanding that the campus mosque can serve as a strategic space for shaping Muslim students who are religious, moderate, collaborative, and adaptive in the digital era.

In the field of education, cheating remains a critical issue of academic dishonesty. This phenomenon does not merely affect students' grades but also obstructs the development of core character values, including integrity, responsibility, and independence in the pursuit of knowledge. This article aims to analyze the factors influencing cheating behavior and evaluate various forms of intervention from the perspective of early detection of problematic behavior. This study employs a literature review method, examining 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. The findings reveal that cheating behavior is influenced by internal factors such as self-efficacy, self-control, self-confidence, religiosity, and self-esteem as well as external factors, including peer conformity, parental pressure, the learning environment, and evaluation systems. Effective interventions include group counseling services, classical guidance, modifications to evaluation systems, and the utilization of Artificial Intelligence-based technology to detect potential academic fraud. Consequently, efforts to prevent cheating behavior require a multidimensional approach involving students, teachers, parents, and school policies to cultivate an academic culture of integrity.

The use of AI in today’s era has significantly expanded across various sectors of life, including the education sector. The use of AI in education is quite helpful in improving the quality of learning by providing innovative teaching materials, real-time feedback, and fostering student creativity; however, in practice, there are numerous instances of misuse of AI, such as for criminal activities. Such practices are clearly counterproductive to the learning process and threaten the quality of the nation’s future generations. The objective of this community service initiative is to deepen students’ understanding of AI from a legal perspective and to enhance the quality of learning. The methods employed include participatory-based education, encompassing lectures, Q&A sessions, and statements of commitment. The results of this community service initiative include an enhanced understanding of AI and its proper use. Additionally, students have committed to using AI ethically, in accordance with existing legal frameworks, and with a focus on improving the quality of learning without compromising their foundational and social skills, so that in the future they can compete effectively both nationally and internationally.

dishonorable Discharge (PTDH) is the most severe administrative sanction for Civil Servants (PNS) proven to have committed corruption. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PTDH for corrupt civil servants and identify the obstacles in its execution. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, this study examines the effectiveness of PTDH through Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory, which includes legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The results show that, in terms of substance, the PTDH norm is strictly regulated in Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020. However, its implementation faces juridical, administrative, institutional, and socio-political obstacles, as reflected in the case of the delayed execution of PTDH for five civil servants in Mukomuko Regency. This phenomenon proves the existence of a gap between law in the books and law in action. Friedman's perspective explains that the failure of PTDH is caused by weaknesses in the legal structure (apparatus/executing institutions) and legal culture (integrity/ethics of the apparatus). This study concludes that the effectiveness of PTDH can only be achieved through synergy between firm legal substance, professional legal structure, and a legal culture that upholds the integrity of state apparatus.

This research aims to analyze the integration of biblical authority in the construction of the theological education curriculum through a theological and pedagogical approach. The authority of the Bible as the normative and final word of God has a central role in the formation of doctrine, ethics, and practices of church life, so it should be the main foundation in the development of the theological education curriculum. In practice, however, there is a tendency that the construction of the curriculum is more influenced by modern academic and pedagogical approaches without adequate integration into biblical theological foundations. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach that analyzes various sources of systematic theology and Christian education theory. The results of the study show that the integration of biblical authority in the theological education curriculum can be carried out through three main aspects, namely: (1) the placement of the Bible as a normative source in the entire curriculum structure, (2) the integration of theological values in learning design, and (3) the development of pedagogical models oriented towards spiritual formation and character. The findings of this study confirm that the construction of a theological education curriculum rooted in biblical authority not only results in academic competence, but also shapes spirituality, integrity of faith, and readiness for ministry. Thus, this research makes a conceptual contribution in developing an integrative theological education curriculum model between theological and pedagogical dimensions.