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Writing can be said as an activity that forms symbols. But writing is more than producing graphic symbols, just as speaking is defined not only as the production of sound. These symbols must be arranged, according to certain conventions, to form words and words arranged to form sentences. The ability to write is not an ability that can be obtained automatically. The aim of teaching Arabic-Malay writing is to recognize, train, and develop the ability to understand and carry out how to read and write properly and correctly according to Arabic-Malay regulations, as well as express simple ideas or impressions orally and in writing. In conducting this research the authors used a type of quantitative research. In this study the data collection method was carried out by testing the ability to write Malay Arabic words in the questionnaire given. After conducting research on the ability to write Malay Arabic words for students in grade 4a at SD Negeri 148 Pekanbaru, it was found that the students in grade 4a at SD Negeri 148 Pekanbaru as a whole had the ability to write Malay Arabic words in the low category with a percentage of 18.62%. In two-syllable Malay Arabic words, students in grade 4a SD Negeri 148 have a low ability category with a percentage of 7.93% and for Malay Arabic words with more than two syllables are also in the low category with a percentage of 19.31%. This proves that students do not understand how to write Arabic Malay words in two or more syllables.

The company 75 Center Design Graphic Studio is a provider of printing services and design services that serve the manufacture of various printing products. One of the problems that often arise when working on orders from customers is that there are many orders while there is only one expert, so there is not enough time to do it. Using technological advances, learning aids are made, which can later be used by employees to operate the ID Card machine. This learning aid media will display an autoplay program containing the process of making product from beginning to end. This learning aid media is made based on Multimedia.

The large number of theses will certainly make it difficult to find categories on thesis topics that have been written by students at a university. One of the uses of the Text Mining method is being able to group thesis objects into the number of clusters formed by the clustering algorithm. This study aims to compare 2 clustering algorithms, namely the K-Means and K-Medoids algorithms to obtain an accurate evaluation of the performance and computational time in the case of thesis clustering, so that relevant topics can be grouped and have better clustering accuracy. The evaluation parameter used is the Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) which is one of the testing techniques on clustering results, with the distribution of training data and testing data using cross validation using a repetition parameter of 10 folds iteration. From the results of the study with the Term Weighting condition used is Term Occurrences and using the N-Grams value is 2, it can be concluded that the K-Means algorithm has a better DBI value of -0.426. Meanwhile, the range of DBI values owned by K-Medoids with the same conditions has a DBI value of -1,631. However, from the visualization results using t-SNE with the same supporting parameters, there are options that can be used, namely the number of clusters is 6, and the DBI value is -1.110. For testing the computational time in the clustering process of 50 thesis documents, the K-Means algorithm has an average time of 2.5 seconds while the K-Medoids algorithm has an average time of 261.5 seconds. The computer specifications used are Asus ZenBook UX425EA.312 with the processor used is 11th Gen Intel® Core™ i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz @ 2.40GHz, the graphics card is Intel® Iris® Xe Graphics, the RAM used is 8GB, with storage of 512GB SSD.

Graphic novel is one of many communication mediums with a combination of visual and verbal that mutually reinforces one another. This work remains a novel but uses the style of storytelling like a comic, using many illustrations. Graphic novels tell their stories from the beginning to the end, therefore graphic novels tend to be longer than comics. The content or quality of the story is different; graphic novel features a story with a more detailed content so that reading it requires serious concentration to think and understand what the creator is trying to convey.The graphic novel of Wali Songo's da'wah story, created by Gerdi Wirata Kusuma in 2015, presents nine Wali Songo stories, which are then selected into two stories to be studied, namely Sunan Kudus and Sunan Kalijaga. The graphic novel discusses the brief history of Wali Songo's life, including Wali Songo's propagation method in spreading the teachings of Islam.This research uses qualitative content analysis method, with Scott McCloud's comic theory, namely using comic element in the forms of image selection, selection of flow, and choices of words, moments, and frames. This identification is divided into two aspects; visual and verbal. Visual in the form of sequences of images, point of view, and graphics. Verbal in the form of narrative text that resides in column panels or word bubbles.The result of this research indicates that visual and verbal use are interrelated, such as the use of shots related to narration, the use of narration to mention information that can not be conveyed visually or visual expressions that can not be described verbally. This visual and verbal combination that mutually reinforces one another shows that this graphic novel is able to show the story of the history of Wali Songo's method in spreading teachings of Islam through assimilation of education and cultural arts with symbolic visual observations. The graphic novel of Wali Songo's da'wah story tries to show its history visually and verbally that is easy to understand and is able to become a part of medium of education.    

The rapid development of technology is very influential on institutions, society and even universities. At this time, the role of graphic design in all fields is needed. This can be proven by the many fields of business that utilize the expertise of graphic designers. The shifting habit of using digital media in human activities has made the use of design as media promotion increasingly widespread in the business world. Examples of promotional media include brochures, leaflets, posters, business cards, billboards, banners, and banners. This illustrates that graphic design skills are important things that students need to have in this modern era. Therefore, it is important to hold graphic design training as an initial means for students to improve their ability to produce a quality graphic design work.

This study aims to determine students' learning difficulties in chemistry by using zoom in achieving cognitive, sociological and psychological aspects and to further examine the difficulties faced by students. Data collection using questionnaires and tests, then using the K-Means Cluster data analysis technique, with three clusters (groups) followed by crosstab and graph analysis, using SPSS IBM 22 and followed by the RASH model. the results obtained are that (a) cognitive aspects in the form of student thinking, followed by sociological aspects and psychological aspects related to students' internal factors (b) cognitive results are tested more deeply with the Expended Score Graph. The ICC is in accordance with the RASH Model, the difficult questions to work on are questions 10 and 13 are in the analysis (C4), the Outfit MNSQ value is between 0.5-0.15 and then from the Probability graph of Student Cognitive Ability is well distributed, thus the difficulty in the cognitive aspect lies in the questions presented. These results are very useful for identifying students' cognitive limitations in chemistry learning. Thus, from the results, it is explained that cognitive is the main difficulty, with the RASCH test it is known that the level of difficulty is at the analysis.

The Boyolali Regional Library is a means of supporting public education organized by the Government of Boyolali Regency, Central Java. It is necessary to design promotional media and library information in order to increase public interest in coming and getting to know the complete library facilities. This research designs multimedia in the form of 2D digital motion graphic video as a promotional media for the Boyolali regional library. The method used is the Holistic Multimedia Development Model (HMDM) development model whose multimedia development stage considers the guiding aspects of multimedia quality. The results of the media expert and material expert validation test with a score of 85% and 90%, respectively. While in the user test, the positive response was 86%. So that the results of multimedia design are in the very good category and in line with expectations.

Packaging has multiple roles that greatly affect the target audience and even the target market. Not only does it play a role in protecting or facilitating distribution, far from that, packaging can communicate many aspects at the same time even in the absence of sales. Packaging deserves special attention and is done optimally as an effective communication medium. This study tries to describe the visual strategy on instant noodle packaging which is the market leader in Indonesia, namely Indomie. Indomie As the only brand that is able to dominate 70% of the market compared to its closest competitor, only 16%. Although not the only major factor, there are many interesting things that we can describe from the visual strategy that has been implemented by Indomie producers in competing with similar products. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to determine the visual strategy by outlining the graphic elements of the packaging. The results of this study indicate that a strong visual identity is able to influence consumers to more quickly recognize their products and at the same time conduct persuasion to choose their products in the ranks of other similar products.

During the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal, teacher innovation is urgently needed to make their students not bored and stressed in the learning process, either virtual or face-to-face. In North Maluku, face-to-face learning has been carried out with simulations and strict protocols. Learning variations using Blended Learning become a general solution that is applied. Infographics are information graphics which are visual representations of a collection of data, information and designs. Infographics require a large amount of information in the form of writing or numbers and then converted into a simpler form, namely a combination of images and text that allows readers to quickly understand the meaning of a message or image itself. Various efforts to educate covid 19 both non-formally and formally have been carried out to prevent infection, social restrictions and the provision of social and medical assistance have been carried out by the government, but the public still does not have good awareness and discipline towards covid 19. This study aims to educate about the virus and its dangers, especially covid 19 through the development of infographic-based science teaching aids in elementary schools. Research Development with reference to 4D models with modifications. The results of the study indicate that infographic media is suitable for use as media material or science teaching aids, especially virus education for elementary school students. The use of infographics related to viruses and infection mechanisms can be used in various ways in online and offline learning for elementary school students