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This research critically investigates the circulation of disinformation concerning the instability of fuel prices on the digital platform X and its subsequent implications for the polarization of modern society. In an era where unverified economic news frequently dictates public reaction, fake news often acts as a potent catalyst for mass anxiety. By implementing a quantitative framework driven by lexicon-based computational sentiment analysis, this study effectively processed a dataset of 500 public opinion samples extracted via Google Colab spanning from April 2024 to April 2026. To ensure computational accuracy and eliminate textual noise, the data underwent a rigorous preprocessing phase encompassing case folding, alongside the systematic removal of URLs, account mentions, numbers, hashtags, and punctuation marks. The statistical outcomes revealed a highly disproportionate emotional landscape, overwhelmingly dominated by 451 negative reviews. In stark contrast, neutral observations and positive affirmations were nearly absent, recording only 40 and 9 instances, respectively. The data compellingly illustrates that the relentless influx of pessimistic narratives regarding economic instability directly induces financial panic, undermines rational discourse, and severely fragments cyberspace into deeply polarized factions.

This study aims to analyze the effect of renewable energy, energy consumption, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Indonesia for the period 1995-2024. This study uses secondary data over time (time series) with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression analysis method corrected using the Newey-West Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent (HAC) approach. The results show that renewable energy does not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions, which is caused by the still low share of renewable energy in the national energy mix which only reaches 10.95% in 2024. Energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions, where every 1% increase in energy consumption increases CO2 emissions by 84.23%. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions. Every 1% increase in GDP per capita increases CO2 emissions by 35.03%, indicating that Indonesia remains on the EKC curve. Simultaneously, all three variables have a significant effect, with an adjusted R-squared value of 53.63%. This finding confirms that Indonesia's energy mix, still dominated by fossil fuels, is a major factor in high carbon emissions. Comprehensive energy efficiency policies, accelerated renewable energy transitions, and greener and more sustainable economic growth strategies are needed.

The policy of increasing fuel prices is a strategic public policy that has broad implications for the lives of people in Indonesia. Fuel plays an important role in supporting economic activity, distribution of goods, and social mobility. This article aims to analyze the impact of the fuel price increase policy on public interests by emphasizing the current context in Indonesia and the empirical realities that arise in society. This study uses a qualitative approach through literature review and policy analysis. The results of the study show that the increase in fuel prices has a direct impact on the increase in the cost of living, a decline in people's purchasing power, and the emergence of social pressure, especially among low-income groups. Although the government views this policy as a rational step to maintain fiscal stability and the sustainability of energy subsidies, compensation and social protection policies remain key factors in ensuring that the public interest and the goal of community welfare are maintained.

Pyrolysis is a biomass conversion method into fuel through heating at high temperatures under oxygen-limited conditions. The main factors influencing the pyrolysis process include temperature, residence time, pressure, particle size, reactor design, and the type of pyrolysis employed. This study aims to design an auger-type fast pyrolysis system based on previous research. The design and modeling of the fast pyrolysis equipment were carried out using Autodesk Inventor 2021 software. Based on the calculation and design results, a fast pyrolysis reactor with a multi-stage configuration and a capacity of 5.2 kg was developed. The system consists of a three-stage reactor made of Stainless Steel 304. The reactor is equipped with a screw conveyor for material transport, which is driven by an electric motor. Biomass heating inside the reactor is provided by a clamp heater with an electrical power requirement of 611 W, while biomass cooling is performed using a condenser with a cooling water capacity of 15.586 liters. Based on the structural simulation results, the maximum von Mises stress obtained was 35.4 MPa, the maximum displacement was 0.0528 mm, and the safety factor was 6.07 under loading conditions including an internal reactor pressure of 0.32 MPa, a torsional moment of 1,130 kg·mm, and an operating temperature of 700 °C. These values are within the allowable limits of the material, indicating that the designed reactor is structurally safe and feasible for use.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are increasingly developed due to their high efficiency, power density, durability, and environmental friendliness. However, the high cost of platinum catalysts limits their widespread application. Reducing platinum usage through the development of low-cost catalyst support materials is a promising approach. Activated carbon derived from biomass offers a sustainable and economical alternative, particularly when utilizing agricultural waste such as coffee husks, which are often discarded. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of activated carbon produced from coffee husk waste through pyrolysis as a catalyst support for PEMFCs. Pyrolysis was conducted at 400 °C, followed by chemical activation using 1 M H₃PO₄ and 1 M KOH with a residence time of 90 minutes. The resulting activated carbon was analyzed through proximate analysis to determine moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content. The results showed that activation with 1 M H₃PO₄ produced the lowest moisture content (3.4%), the lowest ash content (3.8%), and the highest fixed carbon content (60.5%), while 1 M KOH yielded the lowest volatile matter content (27.7%). Based on these results, activated carbon produced using H₃PO₄ meets the requirements of SNI No. 01/6235/2000 and demonstrates strong potential as a catalyst support material for PEMFC applications.

This study aims to analyze the temperature distribution in an LPG-fueled chili drying machine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation was performed using SolidWorks Flow Simulation 2022 to investigate the effect of inlet air temperature and velocity on temperature uniformity inside the drying chamber. Three inlet temperature variations were applied: 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, combined with two air velocities of 10 m/s and 11 m/s. The results showed that these parameters significantly influence temperature distribution. The optimum condition was achieved at 70°C and 10 m/s with a temperature uniformity efficiency (

This study aims to analyze the temperature distribution in an LPG-fueled chili drying machine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation was performed using SolidWorks Flow Simulation 2022 to investigate the effect of inlet air temperature and velocity on temperature uniformity inside the drying chamber. Three inlet temperature variations were applied: 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, combined with two air velocities of 10 m/s and 11 m/s. The results showed that these parameters significantly influence temperature distribution. The optimum condition was achieved at 70°C and 10 m/s with a temperature uniformity efficiency (

Leaf springs serve as vehicle weight supports and vibration dampers from uneven roads. Reducing vehicle weight can support fuel consumption reduction. The use of composite materials allows for a reduction in leaf spring weight without reducing load capacity and stiffness. The purpose of this study was to find the composition of composite leaf springs with a polyurethane matrix that were resistant to tensile and flexural tests using e-glass, epoxy, and polyurethane materials. This study used an experimental method, in which specimens were tested using a tensile and flexural testing machine. The variations included polyurethane matrices of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The data was statistically analyzed using Excel to determine the significant effect of the variables. The results showed the effect of polyurethane variation on the composite. The tensile test showed that the greatest tensile stress was on the 30% polyurethane specimen at 1.574 N/mm² and the smallest was on the 10% specimen at 7.007 N/mm². In the flexural test, the greatest effect on flexural strength was observed in the 30% specimen at 14.36 MPa and the smallest in the 10% specimen at 25.82 MPa. Without the addition of polyurethane, the tensile stress was 39.678 N/mm² and the flexural strength was 157.09 MPa. Conclusion: The addition of polyurethane reduces the mechanical strength of composite leaf spring material without polyurethane addition.

Leaf springs serve as vehicle weight supports and vibration dampers from uneven roads. Reducing vehicle weight can support fuel consumption reduction. The use of composite materials allows for a reduction in leaf spring weight without reducing load capacity and stiffness. The purpose of this study was to find the composition of composite leaf springs with a polyurethane matrix that were resistant to tensile and flexural tests using e-glass, epoxy, and polyurethane materials. This study used an experimental method, in which specimens were tested using a tensile and flexural testing machine. The variations included polyurethane matrices of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The data was statistically analyzed using Excel to determine the significant effect of the variables. The results showed the effect of polyurethane variation on the composite. The tensile test showed that the greatest tensile stress was on the 30% polyurethane specimen at 1.574 N/mm² and the smallest was on the 10% specimen at 7.007 N/mm². In the flexural test, the greatest effect on flexural strength was observed in the 30% specimen at 14.36 MPa and the smallest in the 10% specimen at 25.82 MPa. Without the addition of polyurethane, the tensile stress was 39.678 N/mm² and the flexural strength was 157.09 MPa. Conclusion: The addition of polyurethane reduces the mechanical strength of composite leaf spring material without polyurethane addition.

The shift in economic structure from a reliance on traditional agriculture to modern industrialization has yielded various competitive advantages for a region. The presence of leading sectors at the local level is a strong indicator of increased added value and high productivity, fueled by a healthy competitive climate among business actors. This phenomenon is closely related to the characteristics of the industrial sector, which possesses very strong forward and backward linkages, making it a primary driver of national economic growth. Progress in the manufacturing sector is not merely a measure of economic success but also serves as a driver of fiscal stability through massive employment absorption and increased foreign exchange earnings. Industrial growth is considered highly strategic because it holds significant potential for future expansion through technological innovation and production efficiency. This condition makes industrial cluster development an instrument for driving sustainable economic growth in Indonesia, while simultaneously strengthening the competitiveness of local products in the global market through the integration of a more organized production system.

One of the various salted egg products with smoking methods is smoked salted eggs which have a distinctive aroma and taste. This study aims to determine the effect of smoking and storage time  and its  interaction on  smoked salted  eggs  with on  physical  and  chemical  properties, total microbes as well. This research is experimental by using ducks eggs and a mixture of coconut shells and fibers, and rice husks as smoke fuel. The experimental design used is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a 3x5 factorial pattern. As the first factor (P) is the smoking time which consists of P0= 0 hours, P1= 12 hours, P2= 15 hours while the second factor (H) is the storage time which consists of H0= 0 days, H1=7 days, H2= 14 days, H3= 21 days, and H4= 28 days. The variables observed were egg weight, albumen and yolk pH, moisture content, protein, and total microbial colony of smoked salted eggs. The results of the study were that the smoking time of 15 hours resulted in the lowest weight of smoked salted eggs (56.13g), while the storage time decreased the pH of albumen. Smoked salted duck eggs have a moisture content of 58.435-67.149%. The length of smoking increases the protein level. Salted duck eggs with a smoking time of 15 hours have the highest protein content, which is 15.39%. however, the duration of smoking and storage did not affect the total microbes of smoked salted eggs and there was no interaction between the duration of smoking and the duration of storage on the physical, chemical and total microbial properties.

This study aims to determine and analyze service waiting times, identify the root causes of long queues, and develop a strategy to improve service performance at the 5361137-gas station (SPBU) at the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Rest Area. The research method used is a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. This study combines quantitative analysis using Queuing Theory to measure system performance (arrival rates and service times) and descriptive qualitative analysis using a Fishbone Diagram. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and g-form techniques. The results indicate that the current queuing system performance is in a critical or severe condition, indicated by a server utilization rate of 0.94 to 1.02 during peak hours. The average time spent by vehicles in the system is 14.3 minutes, of which 9.6 minutes (67%) is spent waiting in the queue. Fishbone diagram analysis revealed that the root cause of the main problem lies in the complex interaction of factors: Machine factors (EDC signal failure and pump repair downtime), Human and Method factors (implementation of static shifts and reactive maintenance), and Environmental factors (narrow layouts that hinder large vehicle maneuvers). As a solution, this study formulated a hybrid improvement strategy that includes short-term business process engineering (the use of Floating Staff and lane segregation) and long-term investment in additional pumps to change the queuing model from Single Channel to Dual Channel. This strategy is expected to reduce the utility level to a safe zone below 0.80 with a target waiting time of 3–5 minutes.

The problem with a 4-stroke gasoline engine-driven electric generator is a decrease in tool performance due to wear on important components for the stator, cooling fan, air filter, oil filter, and gasket. The purpose of component replacement planning is to obtain replacement costs, maintenance schedules in 2027, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The component replacement planning method includes collecting maintenance data from previous years, applying the inspection-replace-repair-overhaul (IRRO) method, assessing component conditions, predicting component lifespan, predicting labor costs, predicting supporting equipment to be used in maintenance, predicting spare part replacement times, predicting maintenance costs in 2027, and calculating the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The results of the replacement planning obtained maintenance costs in 2027 amounting to IDR 570,007,- with an estimated electric generator rental rate of IDR 30,000,-/hour which has the potential to be rented for 128 hours/year, a profit of IDR 3,840,000,- was obtained, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits was 14.84% which implies that a 2.5 kW electric generator that uses gasoline-pertalite fuel of around 1.5 liters/hour at maximum power is still suitable for use in the next few years and has the potential to generate profits.

Increasing in energy demand and limited fossil fuel reserves have driven the use of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature variations on the quality of biopellets made from bagasse and coffee husks. The materials were prepared in a 50:50 ratio with the addition of 15% tapioca flour as a binder. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C for 120 minutes in oxygen-free conditions. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis was formed into biopellets, which were then tested for proximate composition, calorific value, and combustion rate. The results showed that an increase in pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the characteristics of the biopellets. A temperature of 550°C produced the lowest moisture content (8.436%), the highest fixed carbon content (62.191%), the highest calorific value (6293 cal/g), and the highest combustion rate (0.05789 g/sec). Conversely, ash content increased with rising temperature, while volatile matter content decreased. Thus, the best biopellets were obtained at a temperature of 550°C. This study confirms the potential of bagasse and coffee husks as raw materials for biopellets through pyrolysis temperature optimization to support the development of sustainable biomass energy.

This study aims to identidy and examine how people’s views on product quality and brand image affect their decision to buy Shell fuel in Surabaya City. The study fecoses on three key areas: first, how both product quality perception and brand image together influence purchase decisions; second, how product quality perception alone impacts purchase decisions; and third, how brand image alone affects purchase decisions. The group of people studied are those who buy and use Shell fuel in Surabaya. To select participants, a non-probability sampling method was used, with the criteria that respondents must be at least 17 years old, live in Surabaya, and have purchased Shell fuel. After distributing questionnaires, 100 people met these criteria. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The findings show that both product quality perception and brand image together have a significant effect on purchase decisions. Individually, product quality perception has a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions, and brand image also shows a positive and significant effect. These results suggest that improving product quality and enhancing brand image can help Shell increase consumer purchase decisions in Surabaya.

This paper examines the anatomy of extremism in Pakistan by analyzing its ideological, socio-economic, and geopolitical dimensions, as well as assessing the efficacy of the state’s counter-extremism responses. Extremism in Pakistan has evolved from sectarian and jihadist origins into a multidimensional threat fueled by ideological radicalization, socio-economic disparity, digital propaganda, and regional instability following the Taliban’s resurgence in Afghanistan. Despite significant tactical successes through military operations such as Zarb-e-Azb and Radd-ul-Fasaad, the state’s strategy remains constrained by weak policy coordination, limited ideological reform, and insufficient civilian engagement. The paper argues that Pakistan’s counter-extremism framework must move beyond reactive security measures toward proactive socio-political transformation. It proposes a reimagined strategic approach centered on five pillars: (1) reframing the National Action Plan (NAP 2.0) with stronger institutional coordination, (2) comprehensive education and madrassa reforms, (3) youth engagement and socio-economic reintegration, (4) digital resilience to counter online radicalization, and (5) regional cooperation through multilateral platforms such as the SCO. The study concludes that enduring resilience against extremism requires a whole-of-nation approach that integrates ideological pluralism, governance reform, and regional diplomacy to transform Pakistan’s counter-extremism policy from containment to long-term stability and inclusive national identity.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the implementation of the Fuel Filling Permit system in the Tax-Free Zone at PT. Pelayaran Nasional Nusantara Perkasa. This paper analyzes the implementation of the Fuel Filling Permit using a fleet of tankers and ships in the Free Trade Zone (FTZ), specifically in the Free Trade Zone and Free Port (KPBPB) such as Batam. The implementation of this permit is closely related to the regulations on fuel distribution and management, which are regulated by the government and area management bodies such as the Batam Free Trade Zone Authority (BP Batam). PT. Pelayaran Nasional Nusantara Perkasa is an official fuel filling agent for PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga in Batam, which will fill fuel or provide fuel for ships. This research method utilizes field and library methods. The results of this study provide the company with a better understanding of the procedures for obtaining a Fuel Filling Permit using a fleet of tankers and ships in the Free Trade Zone (TFZ), which can be submitted online and directly to the relevant agency office.

Salah satu bentuk pengolahan limbah menjadi energi yang berasal dari limbah padat perkotaan adalah sampah bahan bakar turunan atau Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Terdapat berbagai teknologi pengeringan yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengeringan RDF. Contoh penerapannya adalah oil tube rotary dryer sebagai alternatif dari steam tube rotary dryer karena sejumlah alasan utama. Pertama, penggunaan oil engine sebagai material penghantar panas tidak membutuhkan tekanan tinggi seperti pada steam tube rotary dryer sehingga komposisi desain yang tidak serumit steam tube rotary dryer. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perancangan dan analisis kekuatan struktur mesin oil tube rotary dryer yang dilakukan melalui software Solidworks. Cara kerja mesin dimulai dari pemanasan thermal oil di unit pemanas hingga mencapai suhu operasi yang diinginkan. Oil panas kemudian disirkulasikan secara tertutup ke dalam tube di dalam drum pengering. Pada saat yang sama, RDF dengan kadar air awal 55% dimasukkan melalui inlet housing ke dalam shell. Suhu yang bekerja pada oil untuk memanaskan sekitar 150°C, jumlah total tube 65 buah berdiameter 1,25 inch, dan panjang pipa 10 m yang tersusun di dalam shell. Hasil analisis struktur mesin oil tube rotary dryer berdasarkan simulasi didapatkan stress (von mises) dengan nilai tertinggi 9,371 × 108 N/m^2. Sedangkan nilai terendah 9,628 × 103 N/m^2. Nilai tertinggi dari hasil simulasi tersebut terjadi pada sudut tajam bagian support roller yang tidak terdapat kontak, sehingga hal ini dapat diabaikan karena merupakan stress singularity. Hasil simulasi displacement  dengan  nilai tertinggi 1,026 × 101 N/m^2. Sedangkan nilai terendah 1,000 × 10-30 N/m^2. Nilai tertinggi dari hasil simulasi tersebut merupakan penerapan dari gaya centrifugal yang terjadi pada drum/shell rotary. Hasil simulasi Safety factor yaitu mengacu pada rata-rata probe result adalah 2,3. Sehingga dari hasil simula

This research aims to examine the impact of integrating cleaner production practices with green supply chain technologies as a comprehensive approach to achieving environmental sustainability. The study highlights that cleaner production and green supply chain management represent advanced, innovative strategies that have emerged as a response to the growing environmental challenges caused by the rapid expansion and diversification of industrial activities. These technologies are not only environmentally oriented but also carry significant economic implications for organizations. The findings emphasize that adopting cleaner production involves minimizing waste generation, improving production efficiency, and ensuring that processes are designed to have minimal adverse effects on the environment. On the other hand, green supply chain technologies focus on integrating environmental thinking into every stage of the supply chain—ranging from product design, material sourcing, and manufacturing processes to logistics, product delivery, and end-of-life management. The study concludes that the synergy between these two approaches provides multiple benefits. From an environmental perspective, they contribute to reducing carbon emissions, particularly from fuel-powered machinery and transportation systems. They also promote the rational use of resources, including energy, water, and raw materials, thereby helping to preserve natural resources for future generations. From an economic perspective, their implementation leads to reduced operational costs by enhancing efficiency, decreasing waste disposal expenses, and optimizing resource usage. Furthermore, the integration of cleaner production and green supply chain technologies supports compliance with environmental regulations and enhances the corporate image of economic units, enabling them to gain competitive advantages in increasingly eco-conscious markets. Overall, the research affirms that these practices are essential tools for confronting and mitigating the environmental pollution challenges of modern industries, while simultaneously fostering sustainable economic growth and long-term environmental protection.

One of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Sanggaran's CSR initiatives is the community-based turtle conservation program, or Turtle Conservation and Education Center Serangan (TCEC), which focuses on biodiversity and community empowerment. With the help of this program, turtles in Serangan Village that are in danger of going extinct will continue to exist. Serangan Village is a top priority when conducting CSR initiatives in the areas of biodiversity and social empowerment because it is part of the company's operational region. The program's main objective is to raise and care for turtles at TCEC, including feeding hatchlings and turtles, examining turtles' health, monitoring, turtle socialization and education, turtle inhealth training, saving turtles from South Bali's beaches and many more. The Poins of SDGs Goal 4 Quality Education, Goal 8 Decent work and Growth Economic, and Goal 15 Life on Land are achieved in part because to this program. 19 local workers were employed by this program, which earns $200 million annually. In order to carry out its duties and responsibilities, the Conservation Office and Turtle Education has an organizational structure filled by managers from traditional villages. The Turtle Conservation and Education Center was initially founded as a result of a village community movement that has a focus on turtle conservation in collaboration with WWF, BKSDA (Nature Conservation Agency; Indonesia), Udayana University Bali and is under the auspices of the traditional village of Serangan. The TCEC released almost 20,000 baby turtles as part of conservation efforts to ensure their survival. A number of G20 Summit attendees paid TCEC Serangan a visit, which demonstrated how the world acknowledged its struggle with turtle conservation. TCEC Serangan is the recipient of numerous national and international honors, including the Kalpataru (the award given to individuals or groups for their services in preserving the environment in Indonesia).