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This study discusses the concept of polygamy from the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia, focusing on the principles of justice and its impact on women and families. Polygamy is one of the issues in fiqh munakahat that continues to generate debate because it is considered closely related to patriarchal culture, gender inequality, and violence against women. This study aims to analyze the legal basis of polygamy in the Qur’an, the views of scholars of tafsir and fiqh regarding polygamy, as well as the regulation of polygamy in Indonesian legislation. This study employs a library research method with a normative-sociological approach. Data sources were obtained from books of tafsir, fiqh, hadith, Islamic legal literature, and laws and regulations related to marriage in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Islam permits polygamy under very strict conditions, particularly regarding the husband’s ability to act justly both materially and emotionally. However, justice in emotional aspects and affection is considered very difficult for ordinary people to achieve, as emphasized in Qur'an Surah An-Nisa verse 129. In Indonesian positive law, the primary principle of marriage is monogamy, while polygamy is only permitted under certain circumstances with administrative requirements and court approval. This study concludes that the practice of polygamy in the modern era should be understood contextually by considering aspects of public welfare (maslahah), the protection of women’s rights, family justice, and the primary objectives of Islamic law in establishing a harmonious family characterized by sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah.             

This study analyzes the minimum age of marriage in Islamic jurisprudence and compares it with the positive law regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia. Using a normative legal method with comparative and conceptual approaches, the study draws on primary sources, including the Qur'an, hadith, Law Number 16 of 2019 on Marriage in Indonesia, and the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984 in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on how Islamic legal principles concerning marriage eligibility are interpreted and incorporated into contemporary legal frameworks in both countries. The findings reveal that Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) associates marital readiness with the concept of baligh (puberty) without prescribing a specific numerical age, whereas state law establishes fixed minimum age requirements to safeguard the rights and welfare of women and children. Indonesia sets the minimum marriage age at 19 years for both males and females, while Malaysia prescribes 18 years for males and 16 years for females, with judicial dispensation available in both jurisdictions under certain circumstances. These legal arrangements demonstrate each country's effort to harmonize classical Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary social protection objectives through institutional ijtihad, reflecting a balance between religious principles, legal certainty, and public welfare in regulating marriage.

Urban poverty remains a complex social problem that affects various community groups, including scavengers who work within the informal sector. This study aims to analyze the survival strategies of scavengers in Tangerang City and reflect on their experiences from a Christian theological perspective. The research uses a qualitative approach through literature study and descriptive analysis of relevant social phenomena. The findings show that scavengers develop several survival strategies, including utilizing family and community networks, working persistently, selecting strategic collection areas, managing limited income, and adapting to uncertain environmental and economic conditions. Nevertheless, scavengers continue to face social marginalization, economic vulnerability, occupational risks, limited access to health services, and inadequate social protection. From a Christian theological perspective, this reality calls for a response grounded in love, justice, human dignity, and concern for marginalized communities. Therefore, churches, local communities, and wider society are expected to participate actively in empowering scavengers through holistic, inclusive, and contextual approaches that strengthen welfare, social recognition, and sustainable livelihoods.

Stress in older adults needs attention because it can negatively affect physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as overall quality of life. Elderly individuals living in social welfare institutions are particularly vulnerable to stress due to environmental changes, limited family involvement, loneliness, daily routines, and reduced independence. This study aimed to determine the effect of art painting group activity therapy on stress levels among older adults at Budi Mulia 2 Cengkareng Social Welfare Home. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involving 33 participants selected through total sampling. Stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 stress subscale. The intervention consisted of four art painting sessions lasting 30–45 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The mean stress score decreased from 22.18 before the intervention to 15.94 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), indicating that art painting group activity therapy effectively reduced stress levels among older adults.

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is Indonesia's primary conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme for poverty alleviation. This study examines PKH effectiveness in improving household welfare among beneficiaries in Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), employing a Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation approach. The analysis integrates a Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) perspective to evaluate Access, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APCB) dimensions for vulnerable groups. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was applied to 151 beneficiary households selected via proportional sampling across three urban sub-districts. The 3SLS estimations establish that targeting accuracy (X1) and economic empowerment (X3) are the most significant determinants of PKH effectiveness; PKH effectiveness (Y1) strongly shapes household governance (Y2) through the Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) mechanism; and PKH effectiveness is the dominant determinant of household welfare (Y3), with a near-unity coefficient (β=0.97). GEDSI analysis reveals that female-headed households, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face compounding vulnerabilities inadequately addressed by current program design. The study recommends strengthening data verification systems, embedding economic empowerment as a core pillar, and adopting differentiated targeting based on intersectional vulnerability profiles.

Diarrhea is a significant health issue that leads to a lot of illness and death, ranking third in Indonesia. The causes of diarrhea include inadequate environmental cleanliness, contaminated water sources, and insufficient knowledge in the community. When the community lacks knowledge, it can result in unsuccessful treatment outcomes. This ponder pointed to analyze how mother strengthening and family prosperity information influence loose bowels treatment in Karanganyar Kubu Karangasem Town, Bali. This think about executed a Pre Exploratory Plan, especially utilizing a one gather pre-post test arrange. The subjects of this ponder were moms chosen based on foreordained consideration and avoidance rules, centering on strengthening and family wellbeing. Data to assess the advancement of knowledge was gathered using questionnaires during the pretest, posttest I, and posttest II phases. Members included moms who were portion of family welfare activities in Karanganyar Kubu Karangasem town in Bali. Speculation testing was carried out to compare the comes about from the pretest to posttest I p <0.001, pretest to posttest II p <0.001, and posttest I to posttest II p <0.001, illustrating a noteworthy improvement in information after experiencing instruction through the CBIA strategy.

Diarrhea is a significant health issue that leads to a lot of illness and death, ranking third in Indonesia. The causes of diarrhea include inadequate environmental cleanliness, contaminated water sources, and insufficient knowledge in the community. When the community lacks knowledge, it can result in unsuccessful treatment outcomes. This ponder pointed to analyze how mother strengthening and family prosperity information influence loose bowels treatment in Karanganyar Kubu Karangasem Town, Bali. This think about executed a Pre Exploratory Plan, especially utilizing a one gather pre-post test arrange. The subjects of this ponder were moms chosen based on foreordained consideration and avoidance rules, centering on strengthening and family wellbeing. Data to assess the advancement of knowledge was gathered using questionnaires during the pretest, posttest I, and posttest II phases. Members included moms who were portion of family welfare activities in Karanganyar Kubu Karangasem town in Bali. Speculation testing was carried out to compare the comes about from the pretest to posttest I p <0.001, pretest to posttest II p <0.001, and posttest I to posttest II p <0.001, illustrating a noteworthy improvement in information after experiencing instruction through the CBIA strategy.

Family conflict is an inherent aspect of marital and domestic life and entails complex legal, psychological, and social implications. In the practice of Islamic family law in Indonesia, the resolution of family disputes remains predominantly litigation-oriented, often resulting in the termination of legal relationships, particularly divorce, without adequate attention to the psychological restoration of the parties involved. This article aims to examine family counseling as an instrument for conflict resolution within Islamic family law through a normative legal research approach grounded in legal psychology. The study employs conceptual and legal-psychological approaches, utilizing primary legal sources such as the Qur’an and classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, as well as secondary sources including scholarly books and academic journal articles on family law and legal psychology. The findings indicate that family counseling possesses strong normative legitimacy within Islamic family law through the principles of iṣlāḥ, the mechanism of ḥakam, and the orientation toward public welfare (maṣlaḥah). From a legal-psychological perspective, conflict resolution that accounts for emotional dimensions and procedural justice proves more effective in enhancing legal acceptance and compliance. The integration of family counseling as a restorative instrument does not replace judicial authority but complements it by strengthening the effectiveness of Islamic family law in addressing contemporary family conflicts in a just, humane, and sustainable manner.

Mothers in Bingkat Village have daily activities as housewives and participate with their husbands as farmers and livestock, as well as social activities of village and religious organizations, not to the extent of family economic improvement activities. Making instant dry healthy drinks from natural ingredients, such as ginger or other plants around the house is very easy, simple tools, low cost, and has economic value. The target of the activity is to provide assistance in making dry instant healthy drinks. Based on this, it is considered necessary to provide assistance in making dry instant healthy drinks. Assistance is not only manufacturing, but also good product packaging and counseling on the marketing direction of products made by the people of Bingkat Village. This instant dry healthy drink product from natural ingredients has a selling value, so it is hoped that it can increase family income and welfare.

Mothers in Bingkat Village have daily activities as housewives and participate with their husbands as farmers and livestock raisers, as well as social activities in village organizations and religion, not to mention activities to improve the family economy. Making loose powder for prickly heat from natural ingredients, such as nutmeg and lemongrass or other plants around the house is very easy, requires simple tools, is inexpensive, and has economic value. The target of this activity is to provide assistance in making loose powder for prickly heat and relieve itching and redness. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to provide assistance in making loose powder for prickly heat and relieve itching. Assistance is not only for production, but also includes good product packaging and counseling on marketing products made by the Bingkat Village community. This natural loose powder product has a selling value, so it is hoped that it can increase family income and welfare.

The steady increase in divorce cases in Indonesia suggests that many couples begin married life without adequate emotional, financial, or intellectual readiness. In response, the government encourages premarital education as a preventive initiative designed to equip future spouses with the skills needed to manage potential domestic difficulties. Viewed through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, this initiative supports the essential goals of Islamic law, namely the promotion of well-being at the personal, family, community, and national levels. This study argues that premarital education reflects the core principles of Islamic legal ethics and functions as a normative expression of the sharī‘ah. Using a normative-theoretical legal framework combined with a maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah analysis, the research engages Qur’anic and Hadith texts, classical and modern fiqh discussions, uṣūl al-fiqh, Indonesian regulatory provisions on premarital counseling, and scholarly works on Islamic Family Law. The results show that major triggers of marital breakdown emotional instability, financial pressure, recurring disputes, and limited understanding of marital responsibilities can be reduced through structured premarital education. These programs strengthen spiritual awareness, emotional resilience, communication skills, conflict-resolution abilities, and economic management. Consequently, premarital education becomes a strategic mechanism for nurturing harmonious households and reinforcing the framework of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia, positioning it as a sharī‘ah oriented tool vital for contemporary social welfare.  

This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of the community, particularly women in the Family Welfare Movement (PKK), in sweet corn cultivation as an effort to optimize the use of yard land and strengthen household food security. The activity was conducted in Tanah Merah Village, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency, using a participatory approach. The methods used included outreach, technical cultivation training, interactive discussions, and ongoing mentoring. The material provided covered selecting superior seeds, planting techniques, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting and post-harvest stages. The results of the activity demonstrated an increase in participants' understanding and skills in applying proper sweet corn cultivation techniques. Furthermore, there was a shift in community attitudes, leading to greater awareness of the importance of productive and sustainable yard land use. This activity also encouraged the emergence of small-scale, home-based agricultural initiatives with the potential to increase family income. Thus, this program not only contributes to community capacity building but also supports food independence and sustainable economic well-being at the local level.

Polygamy remains a controversial issue in Indonesia, involving legal, religious, and social dimensions. This study aims to analyze the social, psychological, and economic impacts of polygamy on wives and children. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study examines primary sources, including Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law, as well as relevant scientific literature and journal articles. The findings indicate that although Indonesian law permits polygamy under strict conditions, such as the wife's consent and the husband's ability to act fairly, these requirements are often difficult to fulfill in practice. Psychologically, wives frequently experience jealousy, emotional stress, depression, and feelings of injustice. Economically, polygamy may lead to the division of family resources, reducing the welfare of wives and children. Children may also experience emotional difficulties due to limited parental attention, conflicts among siblings, and social stigma. These impacts can affect family harmony and child development. Therefore, stronger legal supervision and public education are needed to ensure the protection of women's and children's rights and to minimize the negative consequences of irresponsible polygamous practices.

Mothers in Bingkat Village have daily activities as housewives and participate with their husbands as farmers and raise livestock, as well as social activities of village organizations and religion, not to the point of increasing family economy. Making warming cream from natural ingredients, such as nutmeg, lemongrass, and torch ginger or other plants around the house is very easy, simple tools, low cost, and has economic value. The target of the activity is to provide assistance in making body warming cream and relieving aches and pains. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to provide assistance in making body warming cream and aches and pains. Assistance is not only in making, but also in good product packaging and counseling on marketing direction of products made by the people of Bingkat Village. This natural cream product has a selling value, so it is hoped that it can increase family income and welfare.

Mothers in Bingkat Village have daily activities as housewives and participate with their husbands as farmers and raise livestock, as well as social activities of village organizations and religion, not to the point of increasing family economy. Making warming cream from natural ingredients, such as nutmeg, lemongrass, and torch ginger or other plants around the house is very easy, simple tools, low cost, and has economic value. The target of the activity is to provide assistance in making body warming cream and relieving aches and pains. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to provide assistance in making body warming cream and aches and pains. Assistance is not only in making, but also in good product packaging and counseling on marketing direction of products made by the people of Bingkat Village. This natural cream product has a selling value, so it is hoped that it can increase family income and welfare.

Digital marketing has become a vital tool for business growth today, especially for housewives running small businesses. However, challenges such as a lack of technical knowledge and limited access to digital devices often hinder them from competing in the modern marketplace. In response to this phenomenon, the Community Service (PKM) initiative in Tamallayang Village, Bontonompo, was specifically designed to strengthen the capacity of housewives through education on the use of marketing technology to advance their businesses. This program employs a participatory training model that emphasizes two-way discussions and real-life case studies, allowing participants to understand and directly apply material such as digital marketing fundamentals, WhatsApp optimization, and content creation techniques. The success of this program is reflected in the substantial increase in competency and growing optimism of the participants in managing their businesses in the digital realm. The mothers now not only master the theory but are also able to execute the strategies they have learned to expand product exposure and boost sales figures. The benefits of this activity also have broad implications for strengthening the family economic structure and overall social welfare in the region. Going forward, the successful implementation of digital marketing strategies in Tamallayang Village is expected to become a prototype for empowering MSMEs in other areas, while also emphasizing that technological adaptation is a mandatory step in strengthening business competitiveness in the current era.

Digestive health in children plays a vital role in their overall growth and development. Diarrhea remains the most frequent illness occurring among children. The use of probiotics can both treat and prevent this condition. Kombucha is a fermented beverage that can function as a probiotic source. The objective of this activity was to educate members of the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) regarding probiotics and to practice making probiotics at home. The methodology employed a combination of counseling, demonstrations, and hands-on practice. The results of this activity showed an increase in knowledge among all participants concerning probiotics. Participants were enthusiastic and eager during the direct practice of brewing kombucha. Overall, this activity provided a positive impact on the PKK members, with the hope that it can be maintained sustainably to establish the home as the primary foundation for health.

: Family well being is strongly influenced by the ability to manage finances wisely and systematically. However, low levels of financial literacy among communities often lead to issues such as imbalance between income and expenditure and lack of proper financial planning. This community service program aimed to improve the understanding and skills of PKK women in Ngaresrejo Village, Sidoarjo, in managing household finances. The method used was a participatory approach consisting of socialization, educational sessions, group discussions, and hands-on assistance in simple financial record-keeping. A total of 25 participants were actively involved in all stages of the program. Evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test assessments, as well as participant feedback on the implementation process. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding from 39% in the pre-test to 61% in the post-test. In addition, 63% of participants expressed satisfaction with the program, indicating that the activity was relevant and beneficial. Qualitatively, the program also encouraged positive behavioral changes in financial management, such as recording income and expenses, prioritizing needs, and improving saving habits. Furthermore, the emergence of active participants as local leaders indicates the potential sustainability of the program within the community. In conclusion, this community service program effectively enhances family financial literacy and contributes to improving community well-being in a sustainable manner.

Seren Village has abundant organic waste potential, particularly banana peel waste generated from banana-processing MSME activities and wood ash resulting from household firewood combustion. To date, this waste has not been optimally utilized and is often discarded, thereby posing potential environmental problems. This study aims to process banana peel waste and wood ash into an innovative, environmentally friendly shoe polish made from natural materials, while also enhancing the economic value and welfare of the community. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the women’s Family Welfare Empowerment Group (PKK) of Seren Village as the target participants. The shoe polish production process includes drying and grinding banana peels, mixing them with a wood ash solution that functions as a natural coloring agent, adding supporting materials, and heating the mixture until a ready-to-use shoe polish is obtained. The results indicate that the shoe polish produced from banana peels and wood ash has a solid texture, is slightly coarse, non-glossy, and has a relatively fast drying time of approximately one minute. In addition, the product shows good resistance to water splashes and does not damage the surface of shoes. The use of natural ingredients makes this shoe polish safer for health. The utilization of this waste has the potential to support MSME development, reduce environmental pollution, and sustainably improve the welfare of the Seren Village community.

Economic development in rural areas, specifically, aims to improve community welfare. However, in practice, many challenges remain, such as limited technical skills, minimal innovation, and low community capacity to create and develop productive businesses. One way to address these challenges is through human resource empowerment. Gunung Tinggi Village has the potential to develop creative businesses, particularly among housewives, such as dishwashing soap. This product is a household necessity that is used routinely, so demand tends to be sustainable. Therefore, a SWOT analysis was used to provide sustainability recommendations for this business. The methods used included service learning (SL) with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to ensure active participant involvement and the program's alignment with the community's real needs. The results showed that the initial impact of this Community Service Program (PKM) activity was evident in the production of marketable products and the opening of new business opportunities, which directly contributed to the diversification of income sources and increased family economic independence. Furthermore, the application of SWOT analysis proved effective as a tool in formulating sustainability strategies for the micro-enterprises being developed.