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The development of information and communication technology has increased the use of electronic documents in legal and business activities, thereby affecting the evidentiary system in Indonesian civil procedural law. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of electronic evidence and its evidentiary strength in resolving civil cases under Indonesian civil procedural law. The research method used is normative juridical research with statutory and library research approaches. The data were obtained from primary and secondary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that electronic evidence has been legally recognized through Law Number 11 of 2008 in conjunction with Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Its evidentiary strength has the same legal position as other forms of evidence as long as it fulfills the requirements of authenticity, integrity, and validity of electronic data. Therefore, more detailed regulations regarding authentication standards and examination procedures for electronic evidence are still needed to ensure legal certainty in civil court practices.

The digital transformation of the Indonesian judicial system through the implementation of e-court and e-litigation necessitates a redefinition of conventional evidentiary laws, which have historically been governed by the Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and the Rechtreglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg). This research aims to analyze the evidentiary strength of electronic documents as expanded means of proof in civil proceedings and to identify the challenges regarding their implementation. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that based on the principle of functional equivalence, electronic documents hold a legal status equivalent to paper-based documents, provided they meet the requirements of integrity, accessibility, and authenticity through certified electronic signatures as mandated by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. The evidentiary strength of an electronic document may reach the level of conclusive evidence, similar to an authentic deed, if supported by a reliable electronic system. However, implementation still faces technical hurdles concerning metadata verification and limited human resource competency within the judiciary. This research recommends the urgent need for a new codification of civil procedural law and the standardization of digital forensic procedures in trials to ensure legal certainty and justice for all parties in the digital era.

The development of financial technology has driven significant transformations in the non-cash payment system in Indonesia, one of which is through the use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). The use of QRIS in civil transactions relates not only to the technical aspects of payments but also has legal implications in the civil realm, particularly regarding the application of the principle of consensualism and the status of electronic evidence in the Indonesian civil procedural law system. This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of consensualism in QRIS e-payment transactions as electronic evidence in civil procedural law. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results indicate that QRIS transactions meet the principle of consensualism due to the agreement of the parties, and QRIS can be qualified as a valid electronic document as long as it meets the requirements for electronic system reliability and information integrity as stipulated in laws and regulations. However, the evidentiary power of QRIS is not perfect and requires the support of other evidence, with the final assessment resting with the judge based on the principle of independent evidence in civil procedural law.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed financial transaction systems, including the use of securities. Conventional securities, which traditionally function as instruments of payment, evidence, and transfer of rights, face various challenges such as document forgery, loss, and administrative inefficiency. These conditions have encouraged the digitalization of securities, requiring adjustments within the Indonesian legal framework. This study aims to analyze the transformation of securities from conventional forms to digital formats within the perspective of Indonesian law and to assess the adequacy of existing regulations in addressing such developments. The research employs a normative juridical approach by examining primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations and secondary legal materials consisting of legal literature and previous studies. The findings indicate that although electronic documents have been legally recognized as valid evidence, there is no specific and comprehensive regulation governing digital securities. Consequently, legal uncertainty remains regarding the transfer of rights, evidentiary strength, and legal protection for holders of digital securities. This study is expected to contribute conceptually to the development of adaptive legal regulations that ensure legal certainty and protection in the context of modern digital transactions.

Digital transformation in public services represents a strategic shift in integrating information technology into governmental administrative systems to enhance service efficiency, transparency, and accountability. One prominent innovation in this effort is the adoption of electronic land certificates initiated by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) as part of land service modernization. This policy is formally regulated under Ministerial Regulation No. 3 of 2023 concerning electronic documents in land registration. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to examine the implementation process, identify enabling and constraining factors, and assess the impact of electronic land certificates on the quality of land services. Data were obtained through interviews, field observations, and document analysis at the Tulungagung Regency Land Office and analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that electronic land certificates contribute significantly to improving service efficiency, administrative speed, and data security. Nonetheless, several challenges persist, including inadequate network infrastructure in rural areas, limited public digital literacy, and insufficient information technology personnel. Despite these constraints, the initiative has been positively received and reflects the local government’s commitment to advancing digital governance and good governance principles. The effectiveness of this transformation largely depends on institutional readiness, technological support, and community engagement.