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The development of digital financial technology has accelerated the transition from cash-based to cashless payment systems across various economic sectors, including traditional markets. One of the most widely adopted innovations is the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS), which offers convenience, speed, and security in financial transactions. This study aims to analyze the role of digital financial literacy in supporting the utilization of QRIS and its implications for the profitability and business sustainability of traditional market traders in Surabaya. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation and documentation of traders' transaction activities. The findings indicate that the utilization of QRIS among traditional market traders remains suboptimal. This condition is influenced by limited digital financial literacy, insufficient technological skills, and the readiness of business owners to adopt digital payment systems. In addition, concerns regarding transaction security and limited technological competence, particularly among elderly traders, remain significant barriers to digital transformation. Nevertheless, digital financial literacy has been shown to improve transaction efficiency, facilitate financial record-keeping, reduce transaction errors, and support more effective business management. Therefore, strengthening digital financial literacy is a strategic factor in optimizing QRIS adoption to enhance profitability and ensure the long-term sustainability of traditional market businesses in the digital economy.

Joint pain is one of the most common health problems among older adults and may reduce mobility and quality of life. Community self-survey data in Cepoko Village indicated that 55% of residents, particularly older adults, experienced joint pain complaints. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied is warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy known as SEHATI (Serai Hangat untuk Kaki). This community service activity aimed to improve elderly knowledge regarding self-management of joint pain and demonstrate warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy as a complementary treatment. The methods included health education, demonstration of warm lemongrass preparation, direct practice by participants, and evaluation through discussion and question-answer sessions. The participants were elderly individuals experiencing joint pain in Cepoko Village, Panekan District, Magetan Regency. The results showed that participants actively engaged in all activities, were able to explain the preparation steps of SEHATI, and understood the benefits of warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy for reducing joint pain. This program provides an easy, affordable, safe, and home-based complementary therapy alternative for elderly people.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence and a risk of causing macrovascular complications such as stroke. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus patients with stroke complications based on CT-scan results at RSKD Dadi Makassar in 2024–2025. This was a descriptive observational study with a retrospective design using medical record data. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique, comprising 60 patients, and analyzed univariately using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 26. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the late elderly group (>56 years) at 66.7%, female (51.7%), and from the Makassar ethnic group (63.3%). Most respondents experienced hyperglycemia in random blood glucose (66.7%) and had uncontrolled fasting blood glucose (68.3%) and HbA1c (76.7%) levels. CT-scan results were dominated by non-specific cerebral infarction (68.3%), with ischemic stroke as the most common type (93.3%), a length of stay of 5–10 days (53.3%), and right-sided hemiparesis as the most common clinical manifestation (45.0%). It was concluded that DM patients with stroke complications were generally elderly, female, had poor glycemic control, and were dominated by ischemic stroke with non-specific cerebral infarction. Abstrak. Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi makrovaskular berupa stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pasien Diabetes Melitus yang mengalami komplikasi stroke berdasarkan hasil CT-scan di RSKD Dadi Makassar tahun 2024–2025. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis. Sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling sebanyak 60 pasien dan dianalisis secara univariat menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berusia lansia akhir (>56 tahun) sebanyak 66,7%, berjenis kelamin perempuan (51,7%), dan berasal dari Suku Makassar (63,3%). Sebagian besar responden mengalami hiperglikemia pada GDS (66,7%) serta memiliki kadar GDP (68,3%) dan HbA1c (76,7%) yang tidak terkontrol. Hasil CT-scan didominasi oleh infark serebri tidak spesifik (68,3%) dengan jenis stroke terbanyak berupa stroke iskemik (93,3%), lama rawat inap terbanyak 5–10 hari (53,3%), dan manifestasi klinis tersering berupa hemiparese dextra (45,0%). Disimpulkan bahwa pasien DM dengan komplikasi stroke umumnya berusia lanjut, berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk, dan didominasi oleh stroke iskemik dengan gambaran infark serebri tidak spesifik.

Background: The elderly are a vulnerable group requiring special attention, particularly regarding degenerative diseases like hypertension. In Melinggih Village, there are around 250 elderly residents, but participation in village activities is very low (only 57 are active). The main issues include limited information on degenerative diseases, a lack of skills in preparing traditional medicine, and weak cadre capacity in designing productive activities. Based on these conditions, this community service program (PKM) was implemented to improve the quality of life, health, independence, and productivity of the elderly, supporting the Indonesia Emas 2045 Vision and SDGs targets. Method: The research team partnered with the elderly group. Implemented solutions included education on degenerative diseases, training in making celery-based herbal drinks using Balinese local wisdom to lower hypertension, cadre mentoring, and elderly gymnastics. The program concluded with a comprehensive evaluation of participants' knowledge and skills. Results: Active activities were structured to increase elderly productivity: 1) Elderly gymnastics, educational activities, and active mentoring were conducted with the PKM team, cadres, and elderly in Melinggih Village regarding hypertension, resulting in increased knowledge and skills in managing elderly hypertension. 2) The elderly learned to make herbal drinks from celery. 3) Health cadres appeared active and collaborated well with the PKM team. Conclusion: Education on degenerative diseases, specifically hypertension, went well, successfully increasing cadres' and the elderly's understanding of their conditions to optimize health awareness. Training on traditional medicine preparation, specifically making celery drinks to lower hypertension, also progressed successfully.

The high number of elderly people has led to various health problems that must be faced. However, there are still elderly people who are reluctant to carry out regular physical activity, so the health status and quality of life of the elderly also decline. Aims: This systematic review aims to identify the relationship between social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity in the elderly. Methods: This systematic review method approach is based on PRISMA. This systematic review examines several research articles from journal databases, namely PubMed and ScienceDirect, and obtained 13 articles in 2019-2024. The keywords used in the search are “Social Cognitive Theory”, “SCT”, “Physical Activity”, “PA”, and “Elderly”. The articles reviewed met the inclusion criteria, namely relevant article topics, original research articles in English, and publications in the last five years. The eligibility criteria were then assessed separately using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist tool.  Results: From a total of 13 articles reviewed, it can be concluded that the majority of articles explain how important the social cognitive patterns that elderly people must have in relation to the physical activity of the elderly, such as predicting the physical activity of the elderly, increasing the exercise behavior of the elderly, influencing the level of physical activity for people with chronic diseases, and adjusting physical activity with the abilities of the elderly. The higher an elderly person's social cognition, self-efficacy, encouragement, and social support to be able and willing to carry out physical activities in accordance with the elderly's abilities and physical condition. Conclusion: The social cognition of the elderly places more emphasis on the ability of the elderly to learn things around them, so that the elderly have self-efficacy, encouragement, and social support to do things in according to their goals and beliefs. Health workers in provide health services to the community, social cognitive theory can be used for alternative to increase the physical activity of the elderly. A personalized smartphone-based intervention based on SCT is highly effective for promoting physical activity in older adults.  

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. HbA1c levels are used as an indicator of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy is one of the treatment options given to help achieve glycemic control targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research method used a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were 80 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had used insulin and non-insulin therapy for less than 1 year, using Purposive Sampling techniques and data analysis using SPSS with Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. This study has obtained ethical approval from PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study shows that the characteristics of gender and age of type 2 DM patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy are dominated by women at 60.0% and 43.3%, while elderly patients at 60.0% and 53.3%. Of the 50 patients using insulin, 45 patients (90.0%) had controlled HbA1c and 5 patients (10.0%) were uncontrolled. Meanwhile, all non-insulin patients, 30 patients (100%), had uncontrolled HbA1c. Based on this study, there is a significant difference in HbA1c levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy with a p-value <0.001. Patients using insulin therapy tend to have better glycemic control than patients not using insulin therapy.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. HbA1c levels are used as an indicator of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy is one of the treatment options given to help achieve glycemic control targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research method used a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were 80 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had used insulin and non-insulin therapy for less than 1 year, using Purposive Sampling techniques and data analysis using SPSS with Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. This study has obtained ethical approval from PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study shows that the characteristics of gender and age of type 2 DM patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy are dominated by women at 60.0% and 43.3%, while elderly patients at 60.0% and 53.3%. Of the 50 patients using insulin, 45 patients (90.0%) had controlled HbA1c and 5 patients (10.0%) were uncontrolled. Meanwhile, all non-insulin patients, 30 patients (100%), had uncontrolled HbA1c. Based on this study, there is a significant difference in HbA1c levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy with a p-value <0.001. Patients using insulin therapy tend to have better glycemic control than patients not using insulin therapy.

Dysphagia in extremely elderly patients represents a significant clinical challenge because it is frequently associated with frailty, malnutrition, and an increased risk of aspiration. Multifactorial etiologies and atypical clinical manifestations may complicate diagnosis and delay appropriate management. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic evaluation and clinical findings of dysphagia in an extremely elderly patient through a case report supported by a scoping review. A 105-year-old woman with chronic progressive dysphagia underwent comprehensive assessment, including physical examination, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, histopathological evaluation, and chest radiography. Relevant literature on dysphagia in geriatric populations was reviewed to provide contextual understanding of diagnostic challenges and underlying etiologies. The evaluation revealed chronic active gastritis and a hamartomatous polyp in the gastroesophageal region without evidence of malignancy. Comprehensive assessment successfully excluded malignant and acute obstructive causes, emphasizing the complexity of dysphagia diagnosis in extremely elderly individuals with frailty and aspiration risk. These findings underscore the importance of endoscopic and histopathological examinations in distinguishing benign from malignant etiologies and support early recognition of multifactorial non-malignant causes to optimize clinical management and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in this vulnerable population

Elderly people are a vulnerable group experiencing declining body functions and an increased risk of degenerative diseases, requiring promotive and preventive efforts to maintain their health. One alternative is the utilization of kitchen spices as herbal drinks because they contain various bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, knowledge among the elderly regarding the benefits and processing methods of herbal ingredients is still limited. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of elderly participants in utilizing kitchen spices as herbal drinks at LKS Payung Besurek Bengkulu City. The method used a participatory approach through educational sessions, interactive discussions, and direct practice in preparing herbal drinks. The results showed high enthusiasm from participants during the activities. Around 85% of participants experienced increased understanding of the health benefits of kitchen spices. Participants were also able to independently prepare herbal drinks using easily available local ingredients. In addition, the activity generated positive social impacts, including improved interaction, increased awareness of healthy lifestyles, and greater independence in maintaining health through natural ingredients. Therefore, this education program is an effective community-based health empowerment strategy for the elderly.

Income inequality is a structural development problem that can trigger social conflict, affect long-term economic growth, and hinder the achievement of SDGs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to income inequality in East Java Province by combining demographic, social, and economic factors. The data used includes panel data from 38 districts and cities in East Java Province between 2017 and 2023 period. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a fixed effect model. To measure the effect of variables on income inequality, the testing was conducted partially and simultaneosly. The individual test results show that elderly dependency and poverty have a positive and significant relationship, while the human development index and economic growth are proportional but not significantly, and the open unemployment rate is not significant negative. Simultaneously, all variables have a significant effect on income inequality of 55.67 percent, with the remaining 44.37 percent influenced by variables outside the scope of this study.

Gout arthritis is joint inflammation that occurs suddenly due to the accumulation of excess uric acid levels in the body (hyperuricemia). In Indonesia, based on the 2018 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of gout diagnosed by health workers ranges from 11.9% to 24.7%, with the highest rates in the elderly age group. This scientific paper aims to provide family nursing care for Mr. T and family with musculoskeletal system disorder: gout arthritis in Tonjong Village, Karanganyar Hamlet, RT 03 RW 04, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. The method used is narrative descriptive, focusing on nursing care given to patients according to the stages of the nursing process. The method of data collection includes observation, interview, and documentation. The nursing diagnoses that emerged were impaired physical mobility and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions included ambulation support, oral medication administration, massage therapy, and health education. After 2 days of nursing implementation, the evaluation results showed that both nursing diagnoses of impaired physical mobility and knowledge deficit were resolved.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as Diabetes Mellitus and Gout pose a serious threat to the health of the elderly due to their often asymptomatic nature. Cost barriers hinder the elderly community from accessing laboratory services. This community service activity aims to improve health standards and early detection of NCDs through monitoring blood glucose and uric acid levels in the Generasi Kaleb community of the JKI Injil Kerajaan Church, Semarang. The Participatory Health Screening and Education method used includes health education, screening using the Point of Care Testing (POCT) tool, and personal consultation on the results. The service subjects were 50 elderly respondents. The examination results showed a prevalence of abnormal random blood glucose (GDS) of 8%, 32%, had high uric acid levels with a maximum value of 10.3 mg/dL. This activity successfully transformed the elderly's awareness from subjective perception to awareness based on objective data, and encouraged community independence in managing a healthy lifestyle to prevent further NCD complications. .

Background: Community nursing is a service process that is a combination of nursing and public health. Family nursing care is health services focused on the family where the entire process from assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation to evaluation involves all family members both in healthy and sick conditions. The elderly are individuals in the age range of 60 years and above. Stroke is a disorder of brain function that appears suddenly accompanied by clinical signs both local and global in nature that last more than 24 hours caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain. Objective: To provide family nursing care to Tn. W with Neurological System Disorders: Stroke in Karangjati Village RT 02 RW 05 Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Methods: This scientific paper is compiled using a descriptive narrative study approach following the stages of the nursing process including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation studies. Results: Nursing diagnoses that emerged were physical mobility impairment and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions for physical mobility impairment included recognizing health problems and understanding stroke management, particularly related to mobilization through passive and active range of motion (ROM) exercises. For knowledge deficit, interventions included health education about stroke using educational media. Conclusion: After implementation over three days (December 27–29, 2025), the physical mobility impairment problem was partially resolved and knowledge deficit was resolved. It is expected that patients can increase their knowledge about health, particularly stroke disease.  

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has created various digital innovations, but it has also generated new forms of crime through the misuse of deepfake technology. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of social media platforms for the dissemination of AI-based deepfake content and the forms of legal protection for victims of digital fraud, particularly elderly groups, in the case of the “magical money ritual” scam using the identity of Ujang Busthomi. This research employs normative legal research methods using statutory and case approaches. The results show that perpetrators of deepfake fraud can be held criminally liable under Article 28 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45A paragraph (1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code concerning fraud. In addition, social media platforms as Electronic System Providers also bear preventive and repressive responsibilities under the ITE Law, Government Regulation on Electronic Systems and Transactions, and the Personal Data Protection Law to prevent the spread of illegal content. Legal protection for victims is carried out through criminal law enforcement, personal data protection, restitution mechanisms, and the enhancement of digital literacy in society.

Stress in older adults needs attention because it can negatively affect physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as overall quality of life. Elderly individuals living in social welfare institutions are particularly vulnerable to stress due to environmental changes, limited family involvement, loneliness, daily routines, and reduced independence. This study aimed to determine the effect of art painting group activity therapy on stress levels among older adults at Budi Mulia 2 Cengkareng Social Welfare Home. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involving 33 participants selected through total sampling. Stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 stress subscale. The intervention consisted of four art painting sessions lasting 30–45 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The mean stress score decreased from 22.18 before the intervention to 15.94 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), indicating that art painting group activity therapy effectively reduced stress levels among older adults.

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is Indonesia's primary conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme for poverty alleviation. This study examines PKH effectiveness in improving household welfare among beneficiaries in Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), employing a Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation approach. The analysis integrates a Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) perspective to evaluate Access, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APCB) dimensions for vulnerable groups. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was applied to 151 beneficiary households selected via proportional sampling across three urban sub-districts. The 3SLS estimations establish that targeting accuracy (X1) and economic empowerment (X3) are the most significant determinants of PKH effectiveness; PKH effectiveness (Y1) strongly shapes household governance (Y2) through the Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) mechanism; and PKH effectiveness is the dominant determinant of household welfare (Y3), with a near-unity coefficient (β=0.97). GEDSI analysis reveals that female-headed households, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face compounding vulnerabilities inadequately addressed by current program design. The study recommends strengthening data verification systems, embedding economic empowerment as a core pillar, and adopting differentiated targeting based on intersectional vulnerability profiles.

Flooding is one of the most frequent disasters in DKI Jakarta and contributes not only to physical and economic losses but also to the emergence of various psychological problems among affected communities. This study aims to analyze the psychological impacts of post-flood disasters, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly, and to examine the effects of repeated flood exposure on mental health conditions. This study employs a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the identification and synthesis of relevant scientific sources. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in research findings. The results indicate that flooding is associated with psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with varying levels of severity. Repeated exposure to flooding has been shown to increase individuals’ vulnerability to mental health problems and reduce psychological well-being. However, protective factors such as social support, religiosity, emotional regulation abilities, and adaptive coping strategies play a significant role in strengthening resilience and accelerating psychological recovery. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic disaster management approach that integrates mental health services, strengthens community capacity, and enhances preparedness education to improve the psychological resilience of flood-affected communities.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is still a major health problem in Batam City. This study aims to determine the relationship between energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, and sodium intake with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at the Sei Langkai Public Health Center, Batam City. This type of study is observational with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 73 elderly people was selected using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the majority of elderly participants had adequate energy intake (54.8%) and carbohydrate intake (57.5%), while inadequate intake was observed for fat (56.2%), protein (52.1%), and sodium (79.5%). In addition, 54.8% of the participants were found to have hypertension. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between energy intake (p=0.020), carbohydrate intake (p=0.004), fat intake (p=0.009), and protein intake (p=0.015) and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly. However, no significant association was found between sodium intake (p=0.300) and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly. It can be concluded that energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake were significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension among the elderly, whereas sodium intake was not. The elderly are advised to implement a healthy and balanced dietary intake.

Health issues among the elderly are often related to declining bodily functions, digestive disorders, and specific nutritional needs for easily digestible foods. The 60-and-older age group is at high risk for gastrointestinal disorders due to low fiber intake. Therefore, alternative foods are needed that are soft in texture, neutral in taste, safe, and nutritious. One potential solution is the development of food products based on tempeh gembus with the addition of banana hearts, which are rich in fiber, soft in texture, and readily available. This study employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to test three formulation variations (F1, F2, F3). The nutritional content of formulation F1 includes energy 111.575 kcal, carbohydrates 20.185 g, protein 6.91 g, fat 0.355 g, and fiber 6.67 g. Formula F2 contains 88.225 kcal of energy, 14.095 g of carbohydrates, 7.72 g of protein, 0.205 g of fat, 7.3 g of fiber, and 0.0015% flavonoids. Formula F3 has 107.015 kcal of energy, 7.995 g of protein, 0.295 g of fat, 6.88 g of fiber, and 0.0021% flavonoids. In conclusion, the best tempeh with added banana hearts is Formula F2, with its nutritional content, fiber, flavonoids, and BAL >10⁸ CFU/g, which has the potential to serve as a functional food and probiotic source to help improve digestive health in the elderly. Further testing is recommended directly on elderly groups, along with product shelf-life testing.

Elderly people are a vulnerable group experiencing declines in physical, psychological, and cognitive functions, which are often worsened by the lack of social support. Social support in palliative nursing plays an important role in improving the quality of life of the elderly, including maintaining cognitive function. This study aimed to analyze the effect of social support in palliative nursing on the cognitive function of the elderly at PSTW Budi Luhur, Jambi City. This study used a quantitative design with a pre-experimental approach through the one group pretest-posttest method. The research sample consisted of 30 elderly participants selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were a social support questionnaire and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to measure cognitive function. Data analysis was conducted using the paired t-test. The results showed that before the intervention, most elderly participants experienced mild cognitive impairment (46.7%), while after the intervention there was an improvement, with most participants being in the normal category (50%). Statistical test results showed a p-value = 0.000 (<0.05), indicating that there was a significant effect of social support in palliative nursing on the cognitive function of the elderly. The conclusion of this study is that social support in palliative nursing has a significant effect on improving the cognitive function of the elderly. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare workers enhance social support-based interventions to improve the quality of life of the elderly.