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This study examines the urgency of foreign nationals' (WNA) legal status and visa compliance in the vehicle rental business in Bali, as well as its impact on business disputes involving local entrepreneurs. The increasing number of international tourists visiting Bali has spurred the growth of vehicle rental services, yet it has also given rise to illegal practices by foreign nationals such as misuse of tourist visas for commercial purposes, tax evasion, and unfair business competition. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches, referring to key legal documents including Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law No. 6 of 2023 on Manpower, Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2016, and Bali Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2016 on Tour Guiding. The findings highlight the vulnerability of rental contracts under Article 1548 of the Indonesian Civil Code, risks of breach of contract, and widespread violations of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system, the penalties of which are imposed on rental owners. Nationality disparities and weak immigration oversight further undermine the effectiveness of law enforcement. This study concludes that legal protection for local business actors relies heavily on the legal clarity of WNA status, the appropriateness of 1 visa categories, and strong inter-agency coordination. The novelty of this research lies in integrating legal analysis of WNA legitimacy with a dispute resolution framework specific to the vehicle rental sector in Bali’s tourism landscape a perspective that has been largely overlooked in prior studies. The recommendations include strengthening rental contracts, enhancing coordinated supervisory mechanisms, and harmonizing civil and criminal law to establish a stronger deterrent effect.

this study aims to evaluate the impact of capacity building for village officials in Anjir Seberang Pasar I Village on the effectiveness of village administrative and financial management following the implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014. The primary focus of the study is to measure changes in the competencies of village officials before and after the implementation of technical guidance, as well as the use of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application and Internet Banking Business. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, in which data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and the completion of pre-test and post-test questionnaires by respondents consisting of the Village Secretary, Kaur, and Kasi. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in three key variables: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using. Quantitatively, the average validation score from respondents reached 4.53 (on a 5.0 scale), which falls into the “Agree” category regarding the system’s effectiveness. Based on data analysis, the success rate of capacity building for village officials was recorded at 29.23%, with a final understanding rate reaching 91.33%. These findings indicate that practice-oriented and participatory training is capable of improving the technical skills and accountability of village officials in managing digital-based government administration. The integration of Siskeudes and digital banking has proven to have a positive impact on a safer and more transparent payroll system at the village level.

Based on the analysis, (1) the support aspect has been implemented effectively, as evidenced by strong leadership commitment, policy support, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, adequate budget allocation, and solid inter-agency coordination, although technical constraints such as network disruptions remain. Further, (2) the capacity aspect is categorized as relatively adequate, reflected in the readiness of human resources, the availability of technological infrastructure, clear standard operating procedures, and the implementation of training programs, despite the need for further enhancement of technical competencies and network quality. Lastly, (3) the value aspect demonstrates highly positive outcomes, as the Warkop Samsat program provides significant benefits, including improved service quality, time and cost efficiency, service convenience, increased user satisfaction, and enhanced public compliance with motor vehicle tax payments In conclusion, public service innovation through the Warkop Samsat program in Gorontalo City has been effectively implemented, generating positive impacts for the community. However, further strengthening of technical aspects and capacity development is required to ensure the program's sustainability.

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity, one of which is Javanese culture which is full of philosophical values ​​and symbolic meanings in every practice, including in the traditional wedding procession. One of the important rituals in Javanese traditional weddings is the Panggih Manten ritual, which represents the meeting between the bride and groom with various symbols of life, hope and blessings. Along with the development of the times and the flow of modernization, people's understanding of the philosophical meaning of the ritual has shifted. Some people still carry out this tradition as a hereditary custom without understanding the values ​​contained in it, even giving rise to debates regarding its suitability with Islamic teachings. This study aims to analyze the practice of the Panggih Manten ritual in Javanese traditional wedding traditions and review its suitability with the 'Urf argument in Islamic law. The research method used is qualitative with a juridical-normative approach, while the research location was carried out in Pengkol village, Mantingan District. The results of the study show that the Panggih Manten ritual is basically acceptable in Islamic law as long as it does not conflict with the principles of sharia. Based on analysis from the perspective of al-'urf, several aspects of the Panggih Manten ritual, such as muter asem (the act of making offerings), and the belief in disasters, contain elements that are inconsistent with Islamic law and could potentially lead to idolatry, thus being categorized as al-'urf al-fāsid. Therefore, the Panggih Manten tradition can be preserved through reinterpretation of its meaning and the elimination of elements that contradict Islamic teachings, thus aligning it with Islamic principles.

This practice is essentially based on clauses in employment contracts intended to prevent employees from resigning before the contract term expires. However, from a legal perspective, this practice raises challenges regarding the validity of employment contracts and the legal protections afforded to employees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the diploma retention practice through the lens of labor law and civil law, as well as to explore the types of legal protections that may be available to employees. The research methodology employed is a normative legal approach, utilizing a legal and conceptual framework, and supported by a literature review of primary and secondary legal sources. This analysis emphasizes the principles of contract law, labor protection principles, and relevant human rights standards. The research findings indicate that the practice of withholding diplomas lacks a clear legal basis under Indonesian law and potentially violates the criteria for the validity of contracts, particularly regarding the abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). Furthermore, this practice can be categorized as an illegal act because it infringes upon workers’ property rights and their freedom to seek employment. Legal protection for workers can be facilitated through preventive strategies, such as strengthening labor regulations and oversight, as well as through enforcement actions, including civil litigation and the resolution of industrial disputes.

The Ten Scholars per Village Scholarship Program is a policy of the Government of Bojonegoro Regency aimed at improving access to and equity in higher education for rural communities through tuition fee (UKT) assistance. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the program implementation in Kepohbaru District using a descriptive qualitative approach and five effectiveness indicators proposed by Campbell J.P., namely program success, target achievement, satisfaction with the program, input and output levels, and goal attainment. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the Education Office, sub-district and village governments, scholarship recipient students, and the parents of scholarship recipients as informants. Data analysis was conducted based on Sugiyono’s model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, with validity tested through triangulation. The results show that the program has been implemented sustainably and contributes to supporting the continuity of higher education for rural students. Target achievement has been administratively fulfilled, although equity and quota distribution remain challenges. The level of satisfaction among recipients and parents is relatively good; however, there are still obstacles related to information dissemination and administrative processes. In terms of input and output indicators, the program is considered fairly effective as it consistently distributes financial assistance. Overall, the program is fairly effective in increasing access to and continuity of higher education, although improvements are still needed in terms of equity and implementation quality.

This research is motivated by the escalating prevalence of illegal online lending practices in Indonesia, which generate a multitude of legal problems, particularly those concerning the validity of loan agreements and debt collection practices. The simplicity of access through smartphone applications, rapid processing times often approved within minutes and minimal administrative requirements have rendered these services immensely popular among the public. However, this accessibility also paves the way for unlicensed providers to operate unchecked, preying on desperate borrowers. The study aims to analyze the legal validity of illegal online loan agreements pursuant to the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, OJK). Additionally, it examines the legal position of debt collection from a civil law perspective. A normative juridical method is employed, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, with qualitative analysis of the data. The results demonstrate that illegal online loan agreements fail to fulfill the requirements for a valid contract, especially regarding the legal capacity of the parties and lawful cause, categorizing them as null and void by operation of law. Nevertheless, in practice, unlicensed providers continue debt collection efforts, frequently employing methods that violate the law, such as harassment and intimidation. This reveals a significant gap between legal norms and field implementation. The implications emphasize the critical need for robust law enforcement, enhanced consumer protection mechanisms, and stricter oversight of fintech lenders to establish legal certainty and justice for society.

Bureaucratic reform in Indonesia has encouraged the strengthening of civil service management oriented toward performance through the policy of appointing Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) in order to improve the effectiveness of public organizations. This study aims to analyze the performance of PPPK in supporting the implementation of tasks at the Environmental Agency of Jambi City by using Mangkunegara’s performance theory as the analytical framework. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, and then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results show that the performance of PPPK is generally in the good category and contributes positively to organizational effectiveness. This is reflected in the aspects of work quality, work quantity, and responsibility as explained in Mangkunegara’s performance theory. The alignment between job placement and competence, increased work motivation due to employment status certainty, and organizational support through training and coaching are the main factors supporting performance optimization. However, there are still constraints, particularly the suboptimal understanding of main duties and functions, thus requiring strengthened organizational communication and continuous capacity development. This study confirms that competency-based management and systematic development of PPPK play an important role in improving the effectiveness of task implementation in the public sector.

Women’s representation in legislative institutions is an important indicator for assessing the quality of democracy and gender equality in a political system. Indonesia has implemented an affirmative policy requiring a minimum quota of 30% female candidates in legislative elections. However, its implementation at the local level still faces various challenges. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of tokenism and the forms of women’s political representation in the nomination and election process of members of the Cilegon City Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) for the 2024–2029 period. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach using literature review and secondary data analysis. The analysis is based on Hanna Pitkin’s theory of political representation, which categorizes representation into four types: formal, symbolic, descriptive, and substantive. The findings show that only 4 out of 40 seats in the Cilegon City DPRD are occupied by women, representing approximately 10% of the total membership, and this figure has remained unchanged compared to the previous period. This condition indicates a gap between the fulfillment of the female candidate quota at the nomination stage and the low level of electoral success. Furthermore, the political recruitment process within parties also reflects indications of tokenism, where female candidates are often included merely to fulfill administrative requirements without sufficient political support. As a result, women’s representation in the Cilegon DPRD tends to remain at the formal and descriptive levels, while substantive representation remains a challenge in local political practice.

Gastric health problems such as gastritis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) remain common, particularly among children and adolescents, due to irregular eating patterns, excessive consumption of spicy and acidic foods, and a lack of understanding of healthy lifestyles and proper nutrition. The partner of this Community Service Program (PKM) was LKSA Santa Anna Orphanage in Bojonegoro, where limited knowledge regarding gastric health, differences between gastritis and GERD, and preventive efforts was identified among the residents. This PKM activity aimed to increase partners’ knowledge and awareness of gastric health maintenance through the application of healthy eating patterns, balanced nutrition, and appropriate lifestyle practices. The program included educational sessions, interactive discussions, and simple demonstrations to enhance participants’ understanding and engagement. Previous studies indicate that health education and regular eating habits are effective in preventing gastric disorders; therefore, this socialization activity is expected to encourage positive and sustainable healthy behavioral changes, improve daily dietary habits, and support long-term gastric health and overall well-being.

The policy plan to integrate parking fees into the Vehicle Registration Certificate (STNK), scheduled for nationwide implementation in 2027, has generated debate regarding contractual validity and fiscal justice. From the perspective of Islamic Economic Law, the transformation from a conventional pay-per-use retribution system to an annual prepaid system raises issues related to mutual consent (an-taradin) and the certainty of service benefits. This study aims to analyze the 2027 subscription parking policy using the framework of Maslahah Mursalah and the principle of distributive economic justice to assess its legitimacy as an instrument of public welfare. This research uses a normative legal method with conceptual and statutory approaches. Literature data are analyzed qualitatively through deductive reasoning to derive legal conclusions from general principles of Islamic economics in relation to contemporary fiscal policy. The findings indicate that the policy contains elements of Maslahah Mursalah, particularly in improving bureaucratic efficiency and preventing state revenue leakage (sadd adz-dzari'ah). However, from the perspective of distributive justice, the policy may contain elements of dzulm (injustice) if it is not supported by fair tariff segmentation. Without guaranteed service availability for all payers, mandatory annual parking fees risk being categorized as akl al-amwal bi al-bathil (unlawful appropriation of wealth). Therefore, a zoning-based tariff system is recommended to ensure fairness between obligations and benefits.

This study aims to analyze the organizational performance of the Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Tanjungpinang in managing the tourism sector. Tanjungpinang has significant cultural and historical tourism potential; however, tourist visit trends remain fluctuating and unstable. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method and library research as the data collection technique. Data were obtained from official government documents, statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and relevant previous studies. The analysis is based on the public sector organizational performance theory proposed by Agus Dwiyanto, focusing on two main indicators: productivity and accountability.   The findings indicate that administratively the agency has consistently implemented programs and organized cultural events in accordance with planning documents. However, the increase in the number of activities has not consistently contributed to stable growth in tourist visits. In terms of accountability, reporting mechanisms have been implemented, yet substantive transparency and public access to information still require improvement. Therefore, the organizational performance can be categorized as administratively adequate but requires enhancement in program effectiveness and public transparency.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public service policy implementation at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Freshwater Fish Cultivation Center (UPTD BBIAT) in Pekalongan Regency, focusing on the influence of service quality on fish farmers' satisfaction mediated by trust. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a concurrent embedded design, combining a survey of 40 fish farmers and in-depth interviews with 5 key informants from the UPTD and Agency levels, along with observation and document analysis. The theoretical framework is built on New Public Service Theory, Policy Implementation Theory, and the SERVQUAL, trust, and public satisfaction concepts. The research findings indicate that all three variables are in the high category with robust and significant positive correlations: service quality with trust, service quality with satisfaction, and trust with satisfaction. Trust has been shown to play a strong mediating role in the relationship between service quality and fish farmers' satisfaction. The assurance and empathy dimensions are the strengths of UPTD BBIAT, while tangibles and reliability require improvement through infrastructure modernization and enhanced consistency in seed availability. Theoretically, this research confirms the applicability of the SERVQUAL model and trust theory in the context of public services in the fisheries sector. In practice, it provides strategic recommendations to improve policy implementation effectiveness through infrastructure strengthening, human resource development, service digitalization, and enhanced institutional coordination.

Consumers are divided into three categories: initial consumers, middle consumers, and end consumers. These three types of consumers certainly have the right to protection, but end consumers as users need to receive more attention to protection, especially in the buying and selling process. This study uses a sociolegal approach with a purposive sampling method to examine the selling process. In addition, this study also examines how protection for end consumers is implemented in LPG buying and selling activities in Balikpapan Tengah District. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of protection efforts and the impact of not implementing protection properly in Balikpapan Tengah District, a densely populated area. This study is expected to be a reference for the development of consumer protection efforts in the buying and selling of subsidized LPG, as well as providing insight into the consequences that can be received by end consumers and their handling in the future.

Adolescents affected by parental divorce face increased risks of mental health challenges, often exacerbated by custody disputes, post-separation abuse, and institutional inadequacies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-informed, family-based interventions and custody-related policy reforms that promote adolescent mental health, with a focus on the integration of the Islamic principle of maslahah as an ethical framework. A systematic review was conducted using three databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus) covering publications from 2000 to 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on empirical studies addressing interventions, custody policies, and mental health outcomes in adolescents aged 10–21. Findings reveal that Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) reduces behavioral issues and improves emotional regulation; Multisystemic Therapy and Wraparound Services prevent custody relinquishment and support family cohesion. Legislative reforms like the Family First Prevention Services Act have shown promise in redirecting funding toward prevention, yet face significant implementation disparities. Reports of healthcare obstruction and court-induced trauma remain critical threats to adolescent well-being. The review also found that custody loss, particularly among adolescent parents, correlates with increased substance use and long-term psychosocial instability. The integration of maslahah into legal and mental health frameworks provides a culturally grounded approach to trauma-informed reform. These findings emphasize the need for cross-sectoral collaboration, standardized trauma protocols, and culturally responsive service models. This study advances a holistic understanding of adolescent welfare in custody contexts and identifies pathways for ethical and sustainable reform.

Illegal street racing is a persistent issue in Indonesia, including Bungo Regency, endangering road users and violating traffic laws. This study, based on a case study at the Traffic Unit of Bungo Police Resort, aims to explore the police's role in addressing illegal street racing from an Islamic criminal law perspective. Using a qualitative juridical-empirical approach, the study examines legal regulations, institutional practices, and Islamic jurisprudence. Data was gathered from legal sources and literature related to law enforcement and Islamic criminal law. The results reveal that the police play a strategic role in combating street racing through preventative, preemptive, and repressive tactics. Repressive measures include law enforcement based on the Indonesian Traffic and Road Transportation Law, while preventive actions involve community outreach, traffic education, and regular patrols. From an Islamic criminal law viewpoint, illegal street racing is categorized as jarimah ta‘zīr, where authorities impose sanctions to maintain public order and prevent harm (mafsadah), aligning with the maqasid al-shariah goals of preserving property and life. The study concludes that effective and sustainable action against street racing requires collaboration between law enforcement, communities, and religious perspectives.

Forced labor of children by parents remains a serious issue in the protection of children's rights in Indonesia, especially when such practices are justified on the basis of family economic needs. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions protecting children by forced labor by parents and to examine the obstacles to law enforcement. The research method used is normative legal research by a literature review approach, through an examination of relevant laws, legal principles, and legal doctrines. The findings of the research intricate that, legal positive indonesia there are a good constitutional and juridical legal basis in context is 1945 Constitution of the Republic Indonesia, Child Protection Law, Manpower Law and Convention on The Rights of Children which that make forced child labor as an economic exploitation categorization is prohibited. But the success of legal protection continues to run up against both legal and sociological challenges, including the murky borderlines of forced labour within the family, the challenge of proving psychological coercion and poverty-nurtured cultural attitudes towards child labour. Therefore a comprehensive approach, including law enforcement and social policies based on the best child interest is necessary.

Financial literacy is an important skill that needs to be introduced from an early age so that children can understand the value of money and manage it wisely. This activity aims to improve basic financial literacy among children at LKSA Santa Anna Bojonegoro through a participatory educational approach. The implementation method included pre tests, interactive material delivery, discussions, and simple case studies on priority scales and budgeting. Of the 37 participants, 20 children aged 8–18 were sampled. The pre-test results showed an average understanding of basic financial literacy concepts of 73.6%. After the activity, there was an increase in understanding, indicated by the participants' ability to differentiate needs from wants, develop spending plans, and foster savings awareness. The facilitator also found that the main issue among participants was self-control over consumptive behavior, which was addressed through reflective exercises and the implementation of strategies for delaying purchasing decisions. This activity was well-received and proven effective in fostering a rational mindset regarding pocket money management. Overall, this socialization of basic financial literacy can be the first step in developing responsible financial habits from an early age.

This article examines the legal ambiguities surrounding the status of civilians actively engaged in hostilities (civilian combatants) within the framework of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). While the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1998 Rome Statute establish a clear demarcation through the distinction principle, the phenomenon of direct participation in hostilities (DPH) poses a significant legal challenge, as civilians forfeit their protected status upon taking part in combat. Using a normative-legal approach, this study analyzes how acts of violence committed by armed civilians can be categorized as war crimes, crimes against humanity, or gross human rights violations. The findings demonstrate that civilian status does not grant impunity for individuals who commit atrocities. Under the principle of individual criminal responsibility, the International Criminal Court (ICC) and national tribunals possess the jurisdiction to prosecute offenders, regardless of their formal military standing. Such legal enforcement is paramount to upholding the integrity of humanitarian principles and ensuring justice for victims within the landscape of modern armed conflict.

Human resource quality serves as a crucial pillar for national development, as it significantly influences a country’s progress and competitiveness. Therefore, enhancing human resource capacity has become a strategic priority, particularly at the regional level where local governments play a vital role. The Government of Bojonegoro Regency has introduced several initiatives to support this objective, including the Ten Scholars per Village Scholarship Program, the Scientist Scholarship, and Final Project Assistance. Despite these efforts, several implementation challenges remain, such as cases of manipulated eligibility requirements among applicants, the absence of a digitized system for registration and document submission, and limited communication channels between program administrators and scholarship recipients. This research seeks to examine, explain, and evaluate the role of local government, especially the Education Office, in executing scholarship programs based on the theoretical framework of government roles as regulator, dynamizer, and facilitator. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection, followed by data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal that although the local government has begun implementing scholarship programs, the execution is not fully effective. Supervision during participant selection focuses mainly on administrative completeness rather than document authenticity. Furthermore, direct outreach activities are limited to certain regions, coordination with village authorities remains minimal, and digital transformation has yet to be realized due to unsuccessful collaboration with the Communication and Information Agency despite several coordination meetings.