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This study examines the social and moral values contained in the Indonesian film Jumbo and their relevance as teaching materials for writing drama texts for eleventh-grade senior high school students. The background of this research is the need for contextual and value-based learning resources to support students’ drama writing skills. This study aims to identify social and moral values in the film and explain their applicability in drama writing instruction. A qualitative descriptive method with a literary analysis approach was employed. The data consist of dialogues, scenes, and conflicts in the film, collected through observation and documentation techniques. The findings reveal eighteen data of social values and twelve data of moral values, reflected through character interactions and ethical choices. These values are relevant for developing conflicts, characters, and messages in drama texts. This study concludes that Jumbo can serve as an effective and meaningful teaching material to enhance students’ drama writing skills and support character education.

This study examines the foundational framework and evolving dynamics of Indonesian civil procedural law (Hukum Acara Perdata) amid its transformation from colonial legal heritage toward a modern, digitalized justice system. Using normative-doctrinal legal research methodology combined with empirical court statistics from 2022–2024, the study analyzes four dimensions: (1) core procedural principles rooted in the HIR and RBg; (2) the mandatory mediation framework under PERMA No. 1 of 2016; (3) the evolution of evidence law toward electronic evidence under the amended UU ITE (Law No. 1 of 2024); and (4) mechanisms of judicial decisions and legal remedies. Findings show that e-court implementation has dramatically increased efficiency minutasi productivity rose from 64.35% (2022) to 96.50% (2024)—while 594,816 users registered through e-court by 2023. The study concludes that Indonesia’s civil procedural law is actively adapting to technological disruption, though structural challenges such as digital inequality, electronic evidence authentication gaps, and regulatory harmonization remain unresolved.

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of using a second Instagram account among Generation Z as a strategy for impression management and privacy protection. Amidst the dominance of a culture of show-off and hegemonic aesthetic standards on primary accounts, Generation Z tends to experience aesthetic fatigue and social pressure due to scrutiny from diverse audiences (context collapse). Using Erving Goffman's Dramaturgy theory, this study examines how individuals construct distinct identities on the front stage and back stage. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five Generation Z informants who have multiple accounts, as well as passive participant observation of their digital activities. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, while data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the primary account functions as a highly curated front stage to maintain professional and social reputations. Conversely, the second account functions as a back stage that allows Generation Z to engage in emotional catharsis, honest self-disclosure, and identity experimentation through unique names (pseudonyms). The use of a second account is a strategic response to reclaim personal authority over their life narratives from the pressure of algorithms and public judgment. The study concludes that second accounts are not just a technological trend, but rather a self-defense mechanism for Generation Z to maintain authentic space and maintain mental health amidst massive digital transparency.

This article analyzes the recurring flash floods in North Konawe Regency which occurred in 2000, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 as ecological disasters causally linked to three decades of natural resource exploitation through logging, oil palm plantations, and open-pit nickel mining. Using the dual framework of political ecology and environmental justice, this article argues that these disasters are not neutral natural events, but rather the product of a structured system of injustice: the indigenous Culambacu People and Tolaki People communities who were excluded from decision-making processes regarding extractive permits have borne the greatest burden of the destructive impacts of such exploitation. The most dramatic event was the 2019 flood that devastated Tapuwatu Village, causing losses amounting to Rp 674.8 billion and displacing 9,908 people. The findings demonstrate that the dominant government narrative framing the floods as “natural disasters caused by high rainfall” constitutes a strategic denial that obscures structural responsibility. Empirical data including rates of deforestation, exceeded river carrying capacity, and the chronology of concession expansion correlated with disaster escalation support the ecological disaster thesis. Persistent poverty amid abundant natural resource wealth confirms the condition of a “sacrifice zone,” characterized simultaneously by distributive, recognitional, and procedural injustices.

The article entitled “Gender Construction and Representation of Social Actors in the Drama Lutung Kasarung: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Theo van Leeuwen” aims to describe the representation of gender-based social actors through inclusion and exclusion strategies and to reveal the construction of gender ideology built in the drama text. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. The research data source is the drama text Lutung Kasarung, while the analysis unit includes dialogue, narrative, and the depiction of characters who represent gender-based social actors. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation by reading, identifying, and grouping data according to Theo van Leeuwen's analysis categories. The results of the study show that the inclusion strategy is more dominantly used to present male characters as strong, rational figures, and have authority in determining the course of the story. In contrast, female characters are represented in two patterns, namely the ideal passive woman and the dominant woman who is constructed negatively. In addition, the exclusion strategy is used to obscure the role of women in decision-making, thereby reinforcing gender marginalization. This study concludes that the drama Lutung Kasarung represents patriarchal ideology through discourse practices that shape power relations between men and women.

This study aims to analyze the representation of culture and myth in the film "KKN di Desa Penari" (Community Service in Dancer Village) using Jean Baudrillard's hyperreality perspective. This film's phenomenon is not merely entertainment but also demonstrates the blurring of the boundaries between reality and fiction in modern society. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through a search of scientific sources from 2022–2025. The results show that the representation of culture and myth in film has undergone a transformation into simulacra, a form of representation that no longer reflects reality but instead replaces it. Mystical elements in film tend to be constructed as aesthetic and dramatic visual elements, thus shifting sacred meanings to mere entertainment. Furthermore, the incorporation of magical realism reinforces the experience of hyperreality, making it difficult for viewers to distinguish between fact and fiction. The role of mass media and social media also reinforces this process through the collective production and reproduction of meaning. This study also found a tendency towards stereotypical gender representation, particularly in the depiction of female characters. Thus, the media not only represents reality but also plays an active role in shaping and even replacing social reality in society.

This study describes the availability and utilization of Central Kalimantan folklore books in elementary school learning in Kahayan Tengah District, Pulang Pisau Regency. Folklore has potential as a contextual learning medium that strengthens students' character and cultural literacy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation in three randomly selected elementary schools: SDN Tuwung 1, SDN Tuwung 2, and SDN Bukit Rawi 1. The findings reveal that the availability of Central Kalimantan folklore books is uneven. SDN Tuwung 1 possesses several bilingual books from the Central Kalimantan Language Center. SDN Bukit Rawi 1 has only two anthology titles in fairly good physical condition. SDN Tuwung 2 has only one local folklore book. The utilization of folklore books in learning remains incidental and has not been systematically integrated into the curriculum. The most frequently used methods are read-aloud and oral storytelling. Follow-up activities such as rewriting or dramatization are rarely conducted. The main challenges include limited book collections, lack of curriculum integration, and minimal teacher training. Nevertheless, students' enthusiasm for folklore is considerably high, indicating significant opportunities to develop literacy programs based on Central Kalimantan folklore. This study recommends more equitable book collection provision, integration of folklore into learning modules, and teacher training to innovatively utilize folklore in the learning process.

This study examines the application of continuity editing in the film Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku and its role in building the film's narrative structure. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the editing techniques used and identify the editor's contribution to shaping the visual storytelling. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with primary data collected through interviews with the film editor and observations of the film itself. The results of the study indicate that continuity editing functions to maintain narrative continuity and the emotional flow that develops throughout the story. The editing techniques used in this film include cut-in, match on action, and eyeline match, all of which work to create smooth transitions between different scenes. The cutting points in the film become key elements in regulating the rhythm, visual emphasis, and dramatic intensity within the storyline. Each decision regarding the cutting point made by the editor can produce different emotional effects, which directly influence the pacing and dynamics of the story. This study emphasizes that careful editing decisions are crucial in strengthening the visual and dramatic aspects of the film and help build a strong narrative experience for the audience.

Psychological conflicts often arise intensely, as illustrated in Usmar Ismail’s play Ayahku Pulang. The character Gunarto experiences inner turmoil and trauma from family disputes, which trigger various defense mechanisms. This study aims to describe the forms of defense mechanisms exhibited by Gunarto and identify the factors behind their emergence.  Using a literacy  psychology approach, specifically Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the research elaborates on the character’s psychological dynamics. The qualitative method employed the read-and-record technique, with data analyzed through the Miles and Huberman model involving reduction, classification, and inference. Findings reveal eight defense mechanisms used by Gunarto: denial, repression, avoidance, compartmentalization, rationalization, displacement, sublimation, and identification with the aggressor. Their emergence is influenced by psychological factors such as past trauma, economic hardship, and disharmonious family relationships. In conclusion, Gunarto’s defense mechanisms reflect symptoms of individuals facing trauma and family disharmony. This study demonstrates how a literary-psychological approach enriches understanding of literature as a reflection of the human psyche and reveals more about a character’s inner world.

The rapid development of digital technology has fostered an instant culture that prioritizes results over processes, leading to a diminished appreciation of character formation through persistence and repetition. This study aims to examine scriptwriting strategies in the production of a feature video entitled “Ballet: Repeated Steps, Formed Self” as a representation of the value of process in character development. This research employs a qualitative practice-based approach, focusing on the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production, particularly the role of the scriptwriter in constructing the narrative structure. The findings indicate that the application of a human interest approach through the integration of interviews, practice visuals, and voice-over narration produces a reflective and communicative storytelling experience. Furthermore, the systematic use of a three-act structure proves effective in organizing the dramatic flow, enabling audiences to better understand the conveyed message. Scriptwriting serves as the fundamental framework in guiding narrative construction and audiovisual integration. The implications of this study suggest that well-planned scriptwriting strategies can enhance message delivery in social issue-based feature video production while reinforcing the role of audiovisual media as a reflective medium for understanding the value of process in contemporary society.

This study aims to explain the implementation of the three-act structure in scriptwriting for the feature video entitled “Jejak Rasa: Akar dari Tanah Priangan.” The background of this research is based on the tendency of audiovisual representations of cassava that remain partial, focusing only on either traditional or modern aspects without integrating both into a cohesive narrative. This study employs a qualitative approach based on creative practice, where the author acts as a scriptwriter responsible for designing the narrative flow using the three-act structure: set up, confrontation, and resolution. The production process consists of three stages: pre-production, production, and post-production, involving literature research, field observation, interviews with key informants, and the development of visual and audio narratives. The findings indicate that the implementation of the three-act structure successfully creates a systematic narrative that integrates historical, cultural, and modern dimensions of cassava transformation. This structure also effectively builds a coherent dramatic flow and enhances audience emotional engagement. The implications of this study are expected to provide references for academics and practitioners in developing research-based audiovisual scriptwriting, particularly in the context of local culture and gastronomy.

The digital era demands a fundamental transformation in the role of early childhood educators, shifting from passive technology consumers to active architects of digital literacy. However, the dominance of technocentric views often acts as a substantial psychological and pedagogical barrier for teachers in regional areas. This collaborative community service project aims to reconstruct the paradigm of 50 kindergarten teachers in Bulukumba Regency by integrating "unplugged coding" logic and deep learning into play-based learning. Utilizing a Product-Based Intensive Training method with a "Logic over Laptop" strategy, the program focused on deconstructing technology-related stigmas and reconstructing teachers' ability to transform abstract concepts into safe, concrete media for children. Data analysis revealed a significant shift in teacher paradigms; while the majority were initially in the "less successful" category, 100% of participants reached positive categories (successful and very successful) post-intervention. Statistically, the program's effectiveness was evidenced by a dramatic increase in mean scores from 18.04 to 31.24 (p < 0.05) and an N-Gain score of 0.778, classified as highly effective. Furthermore, the partner satisfaction index reached 4.82 (very satisfied), confirming that the tri-campus collaboration model (STAI Al-Gazali, UNM, and Unismuh) is highly relevant to the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. This project concludes that strengthening digital literacy through non-digital algorithmic reasoning effectively dismantles technical barriers for teachers while ensuring the safety of child development in the digital age.

The research conducted this time aims to analyze both directive and expressive speech acts in the drama script 'Ayahku Pulang' by Usmar Ismail. The background factor of this research is to investigate the relationship between the dialogues of the characters in the drama script and the concepts of directive speech acts and expressive speech acts in the process of social interaction. The purpose of this research is to significantly contribute to the field of pragmatics and speech acts, to find out the frequency of the existence of directive and expressive speech acts in the drama script, and to provide references and new data analysis in pragmatics. The research was conducted by referring to a qualitative descriptive approach and a theoretical approach using a pragmatic approach. The data collection process was conducted using the listening and note-taking methods, and subsequent data analysis employed the distribution method. Based on the analysis carried out, data were obtained for 28 directive speech acts and 31 expressive speech acts, which will then be classified in more detail according to their types. It is hoped that this research will be beneficial both from a scientific and societal perspective, enriching the literature on pragmatic studies, helping to improve public understanding of speech acts, and raising awareness of the importance of analyzing drama scripts as a representation of everyday social interactions in society.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

This community service activity aims to improve teenagers' self-management skills through the program “Remaja Jago: Kelola Diri Tanpa Drama”. The program was specifically designed to provide a practical and applicable understanding for youth on how to recognize their own potential, manage emotions effectively, organize time efficiently, and make wise and responsible decisions in daily life. The activity was carried out at Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang with 20 participants aged 13–20 years, representing a diverse range of educational and social backgrounds. Methods included interactive lectures, engaging educational games, structured group discussions, and guided self-reflection sessions to encourage active participation and deeper personal insight. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants’ decision-making abilities, personal discipline, emotional control, and goal-setting skills after completing the program. In addition, participants demonstrated increased self-confidence and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, this program effectively contributes to developing independent, disciplined, and responsible youth character, while also equipping them with essential life skills needed to face various personal and social challenges in the future.

This article examines Numbers 22:21–35 through narrative analysis and theological irony. The pericope of Balaam's talking donkey is one of the most unique narratives in the Hebrew Bible, combining supernatural elements with a profound theological critique of a mercenary prophet. This study aims to reveal how the author employs narrative irony as a vehicle for divine rebuke: God uses a mute animal to reprimand a prophet who should have been sensitive to His word. Using the narrative exegesis method that attends to plot, characterization, point of view, and dramatic tension, this article traces the theological meaning behind the irony. Findings indicate that this narrative is not merely miraculous but contains a critique of Balaam's ambiguous motivations between loyalty to God and temptation by material reward. The donkey, ordinarily silent, becomes an instrument of divine correction more obedient than the prophet himself. The theological implication is that God sovereignly uses any means to convey His will, including what is weak and despised by human standards.

This study examines directive speech acts in the drama script Nyonya-Nyonya by Wisran Hadi, aiming to describe their forms and functions within the characters’ dialogues. The research focuses on the significance of understanding language functions in social and literary contexts, where directive speech acts reflect power relations, cultural values, and social dynamics among female characters. The study employs a pragmatic approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through documentation and note-taking techniques on the drama script and analyzed using a pragmatic equivalent method to interpret utterances based on the context of the speaker, interlocutor, and situation. The results indicate 92 instances of directive speech acts divided into eleven categories: requesting, ordering, demanding, challenging, commanding, urging, coercing, forbidding, signaling, advising, and suggesting. These utterances demonstrate how language functions as a tool of social control, an expression of authority, and a reflection of moral values within society. This research enriches the field of literary pragmatics and provides practical contributions to Indonesian language education, particularly in understanding language functions in social interaction and literary works.

William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet portrays deep reflections on human nature and moral values, emphasizing the importance of dignity, freedom, and emotional connection in human life. The tragedy explores the conflict between personal feelings and social constraints, revealing how human ideals often clash with rigid traditions and authority. Through the struggles of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare presents the essence of humanity love, empathy, and the pursuit of understanding amid division and hostility. This study aims to analyze the values of humanism in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet. The research focuses on how humanist ideals such as dignity, freedom, solidarity, and communicative rationality are reflected through the characters’ dialogues, decisions, and relationships. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the analysis applies Hardiman’s theory of humanism, supported by references from academic books and journals. The findings reveal six categories of humanism values: appreciating opinions (20%), cooperation (17%), sacrifice (23%), caring for others (13%), helping (13%), and solidarity (14%). Among these, sacrifice appears as the most dominant value, especially reflected in the willingness of Romeo and Juliet to risk everything for love and moral ideals. These findings indicate that Romeo and Juliet embodies humanist values that emphasize empathy, moral responsibility, and the importance of understanding in overcoming social barriers. Although the story ends in tragedy, the play highlights that love, empathy, and dialogue are essential for building a humane society. Therefore, Romeo and Juliet is not only a timeless love story but also a literary work that reflects enduring humanist ideals relevant to modern life.

Cassava is one of the strategic agricultural commodities in Indonesia, contributing significantly to national production, particularly in several major producing provinces. In addition to the challenge of declining harvested areas, cassava processing activities also generate agricultural waste that poses environmental risks. In Purwasari Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, household-scale cassava processing industries produce solid waste in the form of cassava peels, which are not optimally managed and are commonly discarded in the surrounding environment. This cassava waste has the potential to cause environmental pollution, unpleasant odours, and negative impacts on public health. One sustainable alternative for managing this cassava waste is the use of cassava peels as a raw material for composting. This study aimed to identify problems associated with cassava peel waste and to assess members of the Taruna Tani Millennial Farmer Group's interest in compost production using cassava peels. The research was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025 using a community-based assistance approach. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires involving 20 respondents. The results showed that the main problems associated with cassava peel waste include waste accumulation, limited processing facilities, and low community awareness. Farmers’ interest in cassava peel composting was generally categorized as high, with an average score of 77%, although several indicators remained at a moderate level. Extension activities and hands-on demonstrations were proven to enhance farmers’ understanding, interest, and participation. With sustained educational support and adequate facilities, the use of cassava peel compost has strong potential to promote environmentally friendly, sustainable agricultural waste management.