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This article contains a discussion about the use of language style as a medium of expression in the lyrics of the song Karya Stand Here Alone with the title introvert, the selection of this song as a research material because in writing the lyrics using an interesting language style with a medium of expression that can make listeners, who especially have an introvert nature as if in accordance with their lives, in addition the selection of this song was chosen because it is one of the favorite songs of researchers who want to further analyze the meaning in the album, especially in the song entitled introvert. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of language as a medium of expression in the song introvert. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method that uses reading, listening and writing techniques, this study has the potential to be a reference for subsequent research.

This research explores the dynamics of public administration in Indonesia by comparing the roles and interactions of the formal and informal sectors in service delivery. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study examines how these two sectors function independently and collaboratively within the broader context of governance. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders from both sectors, including government officials, community leaders, and informal service providers. The findings reveal that while the formal sector is essential for providing structured public services and ensuring accountability, it often faces challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies and limited responsiveness to local needs. In contrast, the informal sector plays a critical role in addressing gaps left by formal institutions, offering agile and community-driven solutions, particularly in underserved areas. However, the informal sector also encounters significant challenges, including a lack of recognition and resources, which can hinder its effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of fostering collaboration between the formal and informal sectors to enhance public service delivery. By integrating the strengths of both sectors, it is possible to create a more responsive and effective public administration system. The research emphasizes that recognizing and supporting the informal sector as a complement to the formal sector is crucial for improving governance outcomes in Indonesia. The study provides actionable recommendations for policymakers to promote synergy between these sectors, ultimately leading to better public services that meet the diverse needs of the Indonesian population.

Muhammadiyah movement, which is one of the largest Islamic organisations besides Nahdlatul Ulama' in Indonesia, is known for its contribution in modernising the education system. The discussion in this article highlights the role of Muhammadiyah in developing education based on values derived from Islam from primary to tertiary levels. The modernisation includes curriculum, teaching methods, and management of educational institutions that are relevant to the demands of the times. The integration of Islamic values into the education system aims not only to improve academic knowledge but also to build students' character according to Islamic teachings and values. Through the concept of holistic education that includes intellectual, moral, and spiritual aspects, Muhammadiyah seeks to create a generation that is intelligent and has integrity. The article also highlights Haedar Nashir's thoughts on progressive Islamic education, which emphasises the importance of innovation and human resource development as well as technological development for the nation's progress.    

Sei Naga Lawan is a coastal village that has natural tourism potential and is included in an ecotourism conservation area that can revive the economy, especially on the mangroves coast of Kampung Nipah, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. To increase the participation of the Kampung Nipah Village community, the researchers initiated a mini community service program that is directly related to the empowerment of natural tourism potential in Sei Naga Lawan Village, especially the development of the beach area in Village Nipa palm. In connection with the above, researchers conducted socialization and strategies for conservation and management of mangrove forest using lecture and discussion methods followed by mangrove planting activities. The results of the activity show that the implementation of the Community Service Program in Kampung Nipah, Sei Naga Lawan District has been successfully carried out well. This can be seen from the enthusiasm of community members during lectures and discussions. During the seedling planting stage, they also worked together to plant according to what the service team directed. It is hoped that this service can provide knowledge and provide understanding and skills to the local community that Kampung Nipah, Sei Naga Lawan District has an important role as an economist buffer in the future.

This study aims to analyze the views of FISIP UPN “Veteran” Jakarta students regarding the “Desak Anies” campaign and its influence on public attitudes and opinions in the context of the 2024 presidential election. The campaign specifically targets young voters through an issue-based dialog approach. The research used mixed methods by combining qualitative and quantitative data obtained from respondents. The survey results showed that 88.5% of students were aware of the campaign, with 83.4% of them supporting the initiative, while 16.6% disagreed. Social media became the main platform for disseminating campaign information, which influenced students' views on the initiative. The campaign was appreciated for being participatory and considered relevant to students' interests and concerns, thus helping to increase their political awareness. This research expands insights into how campaigns targeting young people can influence their political views. Based on the findings, the research recommends that future political campaigns intensify direct engagement with voters through interactive discussion forums. This approach is considered effective in increasing young people's political participation in future elections.

There are two types of marriage guardians: first, nasab guardians, namely guardians whose guardianship rights are based on blood relations. Such as, his biological parents, or also wali aqrab and ab'ad (closest or distant relatives). Second, the wali hakim is a guardian whose guardianship rights arise because the bride's parents refuse (adhal) or are absent, or for other reasons that physically exist but the guardianship rights do not exist. The emergence of the Itsbat Nikah provision is also related to the issue of the status of marriage registration. There are two views on the issue of the status of marriage registration, the first view states that marriage registration is only an administrative requirement, not a condition for the validity of a marriage, so marriage registration is only a process of obtaining evidence that a marriage has been carried out by someone, while the second view states that marriage registration is a valid condition for marriage. In this discussion, the author focuses on the consideration of judges who grant itsbat nikah cases where the previous marriage was held using an unofficial guardian or not the KUA head. This is not in accordance with article 23 of the Compilation of Islamic Law “(1) The new guardian judge can act as a marriage guardian if the nasab guardian is absent or impossible to present or his residence is unknown or absent or adlal or reluctant”. The Applicant's marriage guardian in the marriage contract was another person (a local community leader named Selan) due to the Applicant's non-Muslim biological father. The judge considered it as follows:  that a kiyai, cleric or community leader who acts as a marriage guardian in Islamic law is known as wali muhakkam, namely someone who is appointed by the prospective husband and wife to act as a guardian in their marriage.    

Indonesia is a legal state whose government system is based on applicable regulations. These regulations are carried out by several powers, namely the Executive, Legislative and Judicial powers. The purpose of this division of power is to avoid injustice due to arbitrary power. The judiciary or judicial institution is an institution whose role is to uphold justice, of course this judicial institution is very important because it is one of the basic pillars of the government system in the Republic of Indonesia. In fact, it is clearly regulated in Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution which In essence, the judiciary is an institution that has independent power to administer justice to uphold justice. In this article the authors will discuss the urgency of the Judicial Institution in the government system in Indonesia and the role and operation of the judiciary in the government system. The discussion uses the Normative Juridical method, namely by studying and paying attention to Values, existing regulations.

This study examines the legal implications of personal data misuse during the 2024 Jakarta gubernatorial election involving Dharma Pongrekun. The research highlights systemic challenges in safeguarding data privacy in Indonesia, particularly in electoral contexts. Employing a normative juridical method, the study focuses on the application of the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) and its enforcement mechanisms. Findings reveal that unauthorized use of voter data, such as identity theft, poses a severe threat to electoral integrity and public trust. The lack of coordination among regulatory bodies, combined with insufficient public awareness, exacerbates the issue. The study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive reforms, including stricter law enforcement, increased institutional accountability, and improved technological infrastructure. Furthermore, the findings advocate for public education on the importance of data privacy, especially in democratic processes. These measures aim to bolster electoral transparency, protect individual rights, and ensure justice in cases of data misuse. The research provides a valuable contribution to discussions on data protection and electoral governance in Indonesia. Strengthening the enforcement of the UU PDP is crucial to addressing these challenges and fostering trust in both the legal system and democratic processes.

This article discusses legal protection for PT Freeport Indonesia employees affected by Termination of Employment (PHK), focusing on government policies and their implementation in. The discussion will begin with the legal basis that protects employee rights, including Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021, which regulates employment contracts, outsourcing, working hours, rest, and layoff procedures. This article will discuss employee rights after layoffs, such as compensation, severance pay, and social security. In addition, this article discusses the role of government institutions, such as the Ministry of Manpower, in ensuring that companies carry out layoff procedures in accordance with regulations. In addition, the challenges of law enforcement for employees such as limitations in dispute resolution and lack of access to information are also of concern. This article concludes with suggestions for improving legal protection for employees affected by layoffs.

The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped communication practices in online learning, particularly in language education. Emojis, as a visual symbol widely used in digital interactions, have the potential to enrich emotional expression and participation, but their role in educational contexts remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate how emojis influence students’ emotional expression, engagement, and digital literacy in online language classrooms. To achieve this, a qualitative observational design was employed, focusing on university students participating in online language courses. Data were collected from authentic digital interactions, including chat messages, discussion forums, and collaborative platforms, and were analyzed through content analysis to identify the communicative and pedagogical functions of emojis. The findings indicate that emojis help clarify emotional expression, support comprehension of messages, and encourage active student participation in online discussions. These results demonstrate that emojis not only serve as supplementary tools for digital communication but also contribute to creating a more engaging and supportive learning environment. Synthesizing the main ideas, this study extends the understanding of digital communication theory by highlighting the pedagogical value of emojis beyond their informal use on social media. In conclusion, emojis play a crucial role in strengthening interaction, fostering emotional presence, and enhancing learning outcomes in online language education. The study recommends integrating emojis into digital teaching practices while encouraging further research on cultural variation, learner levels, and diverse digital platforms to maximize their educational potential.

Football is far more than a game; it is a cultural language that brings people together across nations and generations. In Indonesia, this passion for football extends beyond domestic leagues, where local supporters also form strong communities around international clubs. One of these is the Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club (CISC) Bekasi Region, a collective of Chelsea FC fans who not only share admiration for the team but also nurture social bonds and a sense of belonging within their community. This paper offers a conceptual exploration of how cohesiveness among members of CISC Bekasi contributes to the creation of a positive community image. Building on ideas from scholars such as Mulyana (2016), Collins and Raven (in Arifuddin, 2016), and Muniz and O’Guinn (in Ratnawati & Lestari, 2018), the discussion focuses on the role of group communication in fostering solidarity and collective identity. Within the group, communication is not limited to exchanging information but also functions as a medium for emotional support, shared values, and moral responsibility. The argument put forward is that effective communication and social cohesion can transform a fan club into a respected social group that embodies unity and positive representation. The experience of CISC Bekasi illustrates how sports enthusiasm, when supported by strong interpersonal ties, can encourage inclusive participation and strengthen the public image of football supporter communities in Indonesia.

The institution of marriage in Indonesia has long been considered a social and moral milestone. However, in the digital era, shifting gender roles and the rise of social media have significantly transformed how young women perceive marriage. This study aims to explore the perceptions of early adult women (aged 18–25) toward the #MarriageIsScary narrative on TikTok, focusing on content from the account @bobahagia19. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using interviews, observations, and content analysis of selected TikTok videos. The findings reveal that the #MarriageIsScary trend represents a collective expression of emotional anxiety, self-awareness, and social critique of traditional marriage norms. Participants perceived marriage as an uncertain institution, often associated with emotional instability, betrayal, and loss of autonomy. Yet, the same discourse also fostered empowerment and solidarity among women, forming what scholars describe as digital sisterhood. The discussion integrates sociological and media theories (Giddens, 1992; Papacharissi, 2015; Banet-Weiser, 2018) to illustrate how digital narratives both reflect and reshape cultural meanings of marriage in contemporary Indonesia. Overall, the study concludes that TikTok functions as a participatory space where young women redefine marital expectations through shared emotions, storytelling, and online community engagement.

Inheritance distribution in Islam is one of the legal aspects regulated in detail in the Qur'an, hadith, and fiqh. Islamic inheritance law aims to provide justice and order in the distribution of a person's inheritance after death. This discussion is not only limited to the rights and obligations of heirs, but also includes dispute resolution mechanisms in various social and cultural contexts. In practice, inheritance problems from Muslims also intersect with non-Muslims, which can give rise to different perceptions among heirs or children of heirs who are not included in the heir group but receive a mandatory will in accordance with the provisions of positive law in relation to the distribution of inheritance of Muslims. In this study, the problem raised is how is the distribution of inheritance to non-Muslim children who receive mandatory testamentary rights over the inheritance of their Muslim parents, a case study of the Tigaraksa Religious Court decision Number: 1657/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Tgrs dated November 25, 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of inheritance to non-Muslim children who receive mandatory testamentary rights over the inheritance of their Muslim parents. The results of the study showed that even though they do not have the status of heirs, non-Muslim children of the testator receive a mandatory testamentary share from the inheritance of their deceased parents (Heir) which does not exceed the share of the smallest heir or is equal to the share of the inheritance of a daughter. The inheritance is reduced by the testator's debt and is then divided into two parts, part of which is the joint property of the Heir and his wife, then the inheritance rights and mandatory testamentary rights are divided.

Child protection is an important aspect in realizing the welfare and sustainability of the nation’s future generation. However, many people still do not fully understand children’s rights and the forms of legal protection available. This community service activity aims to improve public understanding and legal awareness regarding child protection through legal counseling programs. The method used was a participatory approach employing lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and simple case studies to help participants better understand the material presented. The target participants included parents, adolescents, and the general public within the village community. The counseling materials covered children’s rights, forms of violence against children, and legal protection mechanisms that can be pursued in cases of violations of children’s rights. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding of the importance of child protection and the role of families and communities in creating a safe and child-friendly environment. In addition, the community became more aware of legal measures that can be taken to prevent and address cases of violence against children. Therefore, this legal counseling activity proved effective in increasing public legal awareness regarding child protection and encouraging the creation of a more socially responsible environment that respects children’s rights.

This journal discusses the role of Pancasila in maintaining the balance between individual freedom and public order in Indonesian constitutional law. Pancasila, as the state foundation and ideology of the nation, occupies a central position in the formation of the legal system in Indonesia and serves as the source of all sources of law. In the context of constitutional law, Pancasila regulates how individual freedom is recognized as a constitutional right that is not absolute, but must be balanced with social responsibility and certain restrictions in order to maintain public interest and public order. This discussion highlights the challenges faced in maintaining this balance. This journal also provides suggestions for strengthening the normative foundation consistent with Pancasila, applying the principle of proportionality, strengthening the check and balance mechanism, and increasing public participation and legal education. Through the Historical Approach method, it is expected to examine the development of the rule of law and the principles of Pancasila from the past to the present.

This study explores the social perceptions of dual citizenship in Indonesia from the perspectives of both Indonesian citizens and non-citizens, and compares these views with practices in other countries. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research utilizes in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and surveys to gather data from diverse stakeholders. The findings reveal that in Indonesia, dual citizenship is often perceived as a threat to national identity and unity, primarily due to concerns about divided loyalties. Conversely, non-citizens view dual citizenship as advantageous for accessing various services and opportunities. Comparative analysis with countries such as Germany and Canada shows that dual citizenship policies can be accepted and even considered beneficial for social integration and international relations. Based on these findings, policy recommendations include reforming citizenship laws, adjusting legal and regulatory frameworks, enhancing public awareness, providing support for individuals with dual citizenship, and conducting further research to explore the long-term impacts of dual citizenship.

The regulation of protection during armed conflicts is greatly aided by the distinction between the rights and protections granted to combatants and non-combatants under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Nonetheless, there hasn't been much discussion in the literature about how nationality affects how these legal safeguards are applied. This study attempts to investigate how fighters' and non-combatants' rights and safeguards under IHL are impacted by nationality. The results show that nationality can have a substantial impact on the legal status and level of protection that individuals receive, regardless of whether they are combatants or not. This research examines obstacles to the application of legal safeguards and illustrates how nationality influences their implementation using case studies of the crises in Syria and Ukraine. The study suggests that within IHL, precise standards on nationality be developed.

This research explores the role of social media in shaping collective identity among users in contemporary society. By employing a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews and content analysis, the study investigates how individuals create and share content that reinforces their group affiliations and fosters a sense of belonging. The findings reveal that social media platforms serve as vital spaces for community building, where users share personal narratives and visual content, and engage in discussions that highlight shared values and experiences.  Key themes identified include the impact of different content types on identity formation, the influence of community leaders and influencers, and the significance of intersectionality in shaping collective identities. While positive interactions on social media can strengthen group cohesion, negative experiences and the prevalence of echo chambers can lead to fragmentation and exclusion. This research underscores the dual nature of social media as both a tool for connection and a potential source of division. Ultimately, the study contributes valuable insights into the complexities of identity formation in the digital age and emphasizes the need for inclusive and supportive online environments. As social media continues to evolve, understanding these dynamics is essential for fostering social cohesion and empowering communities in an increasingly interconnected world.

In the employment agreement held by CV. Citra with the Kupang Regional Health Detachment is a type of private agreement. Thus, as long as the parties carry out a legal act to make a private agreement, the agreement has binding legal force like a law for the parties who make it. CV. Citra and the Kupang Regional Health Detachment have a work cooperation agreement. In the Agreement, CV. Citra has an obligation to fulfill health services at the Kupang Regional Health Detachment in the form of providing pharmacy facilities through a recommendation application for renting State Property (BMN) in the form of land/land to be utilized. This study aims to determine and analyze the strength and legal impacts that occur in the employment agreement between CV Citra and the Kupang Regional Health Detachment. This study is an empirical legal research, where the research is called qualitative research, namely research that produces descriptive-analytical data. The results of the study indicate that the binding power of an underhand agreement between CV. Citra with the Kupang Regional Health Detachment based on the discussion above already has a binding force between the two parties who entered into a cooperation agreement with Number: PKS / 01 / IX / 2008, dated September 11, 2008 which has been registered / Warmeking legalized by Notary Silvester Joseph Mambaifeto, S.H, under Number; 206 / 2018, dated September 11, 2008. The legal impact if one party defaults on an agreement in this case the case between CV. Citra Kartika and the Kupang Regional Health Detachment based on the discussion above after holding various meetings to find a consensus but not finding a consensus, CV. Citra Kartika demands material and immaterial compensation from the Kupang Regional Health Detachment in the amount of Rp. 10,354,700,000,000.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly become an integral component of modern education, offering significant opportunities to improve accessibility, efficiency, and personalized learning. This study explores students’ perceptions of AI in educational contexts, focusing not only on its practical benefits but also on ethical concerns, particularly regarding data privacy and social responsibility. Adopting a mixed-method design, the research collected data through surveys and classroom observations. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify trends in perceptions, while observation notes were thematically coded to capture students’ real interactions with AI applications. The findings reveal that students generally exhibit a positive attitude toward AI, recognizing its potential to enhance learning experiences by making education more accessible and efficient. However, the study also highlights that concerns over data privacy and the potential misuse of information remain central issues. Moreover, a notable gap exists between students’ appreciation of the practical benefits of AI and their awareness of ethical dimensions such as algorithmic bias and digital responsibility. This imbalance suggests that while students are ready to embrace AI as a tool, they may not yet be adequately prepared to address the broader ethical implications of its use. The discussion situates these findings within the framework of digital ethics, emphasizing the need for education systems to integrate ethical literacy alongside technological skills. By doing so, schools and universities can ensure that students are both technologically competent and socially responsible. The study concludes that although AI is welcomed in educational settings, greater emphasis on digital ethics education is essential to maximize its benefits and minimize potential risks. This research provides a basis for future studies on policy development and ethical practices for AI in the classroom.