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Indonesia has extraordinary resources and potential in developing renewable energy sources (RES), but various obstacles must be overcome in implementing RES. The purpose of this study is to analyze the gap in the application of RES. This gap includes energy knowledge, community participation, battery waste management, service quality, regulation, and legal policy. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, by conducting a structured questionnaire in quantitative data collection, while qualitative data collection through special interviews, focused group discussions, and conducting policy regulation analysis. The results show that 62% of people do not understand RES, 28% are involved in project planning, and 74% are unaware of SOP (standard operating procedures) regarding battery waste recycling. The results of the correlation analysis reveal a positive relationship between the level of knowledge and interest in RES (R = 0.56). Also, the developed community-based participation model includes initial involvement, transparency of information, and local incentives. These findings further strengthen the compatibility of the innovation diffusion theory, planned behavior theory, SERVQUAL, and the theory of public interest. This study will make a practical contribution through evidence-based strategies in increasing resilience, especially for policymakers and energy service providers. The impact of the policy aspects includes the need for large reforms, education, public campaigns, and the realization of battery waste management systems. This study also provides an opportunity for further study by expanding the geographical scope and related industrial sectors.  

Cottage salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) is one of the tropical fruits that not only has high nutritional value, but also contains bioactive compounds that have the potential to be natural antibacterial. The skin of the salak pondoh fruit is often considered waste, even though this part is rich in chemical compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, chlorogenic acid, ferrulic acid, and protocatetic acid. These compounds are known to have biological activity that is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria are the main causes of diarrhea and typhoid fever that affect many people, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Infection of these two bacteria can cause intestinal tissue damage, dehydration, and even serious complications if not treated immediately. Therefore, efforts to find alternative antibacterial agents from natural ingredients such as salak pondoh bark are important. This study aims to test the effectiveness of ethanol extract of salak pondoh bark against E. coli and S. typhi bacteria. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent, then continued with testing of antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. The concentration of the extract was tested on several variations to determine the minimum concentration capable of providing an optimal buffer zone against both test bacteria. The community service program integrated with this research aims to increase public understanding regarding the potential of salak pondoh skin as a natural antibacterial. Education is carried out through counseling and demonstrations of making simple extracts that can be used to clean household appliances or prevent microbial contamination of foodstuffs. With this approach, it is hoped that the community can use salak pondoh skin waste more productively, while reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals that have the potential to cause side effects.

This study discusses the implementation of the Excise Services Information System (ExSIS) application at the Sidoarjo Customs and Excise Office as an innovation in public services. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of ExSIS in improving operational performance and provide recommendations for its development. This research employs a qualitative method with interviews conducted with Customs and Excise officers and service users, analyzed using Everett M. Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory. The results indicate that ExSIS improves time efficiency by up to 80% and reduces administrative errors by 70%. However, challenges such as user adaptation and the need for adequate infrastructure remain. In conclusion, ExSIS has enhanced efficiency and transparency in Customs and Excise administration. The study recommends continuous training, infrastructure upgrades, and internal policy revisions to maximize the application’s potential in supporting faster and more accurate public services.