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Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium that affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory mucosa, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a comorbidity that can worsen the course of leprosy. The female patient, Mrs. D, aged 55 years came to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital with the main complaint of red bumps accompanied by pain on the face, hands, chest, and back since 3 days ago and additional complaints such as fever, joint pain, and numbness and loss of feeling in the legs, weakness, frequent thirst, and frequent urination. Dermatologic status is obtained in the facial region in the form of erythema nodules with firm boundaries with numular size, multiple. Laboratory examination showed anemia and leukocytosis. The therapy given was MDT MB package, ferrous sulfate 1x325 mg and PRC transfusion 3 kolf. Complaints arose acutely after the patient resumed taking MDT (multidrug therapy) leprosy drugs which had previously been stopped for more than 3 months. Based on the time of onset of symptoms, history of leprosy treatment, and the manifestation of systemic inflammatory lesions with signs of neurotropism, it can be suspected that the patient is experiencing a type 2 leprosy reaction or Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent complications, and HbA1c is commonly utilized as an indicator of long-term blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Tilamuta Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using a total sampling method, involving 557 patients. Data were collected from laboratory records and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The findings indicated that the average HbA1c level was 7.39%, while the mean blood glucose level was 205.85 mg/dL. A significant and very strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and blood glucose levels (p=0.000; r=0.862). Furthermore, medication adherence showed a significant association with HbA1c status (p=0.000). These results underscore the role of HbA1c as a dependable marker for assessing glycemic control and highlight the importance of medication adherence in optimizing the management of type 2 diaType 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Effective glycemic control is crucial to prevent complications, and HbA1c is commonly utilized as an indicator of long-term blood glucose levels. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and blood glucose levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Tilamuta Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using a total sampling method, involving 557 patients. Data were collected from laboratory records and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test. The findings indicated that the average HbA1c level was 7.39%, while the mean blood glucose level was 205.85 mg/dL. A significant and very strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and blood glucose levels (p=0.000; r=0.862). Furthermore, medication adherence showed a significant association with HbA1c status (p=0.000). These results underscore the role of HbA1c as a dependable marker for assessing glycemic control and highlight the importance of medication adherence in optimizing the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.betes mellitus.  

The prevalence of non-communicable degenerative diseases in Indonesia continues to rise, particularly affecting adolescents and productive age populations due to unhealthy lifestyle patterns and free radical exposure. Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.), a locally abundant resource often regarded merely as agricultural by-product, contain significant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids demonstrating potent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 47.99 ppm. This study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach, analyzing 28 scientific publications spanning 2018-2025 sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed databases to examine the potential of purple sweet potato leaves as effervescent tablet raw material for degenerative disease prevention. Findings reveal that bioactive constituents effectively neutralize free radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage linked to diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. The effervescent tablet formulation provides strategic advantages including enhanced solubility, accelerated absorption rates due to elimination of disintegration processes, pleasant carbonation sensation masking unpleasant active ingredient taste, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance. This innovation offers promising prospects for degenerative disease prevention through local food resource utilization, though experimental validation regarding optimal formulation, effective dosage determination, and clinical efficacy assessment remains necessary for practical implementation.

The use of medicinal plants has been an important part of people's lives since the time of our ancestors. Before the advent of modern medicine, people used various types of plants to treat mild to severe illnesses, such as fever, cough, wounds, digestive disorders, and skin diseases. Inventory of medicinal plants plays a very important role in exploring the potential of existing natural resources, especially as an effort to support the development of traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of medicinal plants used by local communities in traditional medicine. The method used in this study is a descriptive method through direct surveys at the research location. The findings obtained in the field concluded that all types of plants mentioned in this study are very beneficial for the people of Duhiadaa District, because they can help in treating various types of diseases experienced by the community. The types of diseases that can be treated include hypertension, gout, stomach acid, cholesterol, kidney disease, diabetes, inflammation, cancer, wounds, diarrhea and digestive disorders.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that cannot be completely cured or cannot even be completely cured. The vile shard plant is empirically used by the community to treat diabetes (DM). This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening and test the activity of 96% ethanol extract of kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bl.) as a herbal antidiabetic in male white mice (Mus musculus) with alloxan induction. Method: This research is an experimental laboratory research with a true experimental posttest control design using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment P1 (without treatment) as normal control (N), P2 as positive control (+), P3 as negative control (-), P4 kejibeling leaf extract 250 mg/kg BW, P5 kejibeling leaf extract 500 mg/kg BW. Result:The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. SPSS results show that the data is normally distributed (p>0.05) and homogeneous (p>0.05). The results of the ANOVA on the treatment of giving keji beling leaf extract 250 mg/Kg BW showed a sig. 0.393 (p>0.05) and treatment of 500 mg/Kg BW obtained a sig value. 0.517 (p>0.05). Conclusion:The conclusion from the research results shows that administering doses of 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW of keji beling leaf extract can reduce blood sugar levels in mice. It is hoped that the results of this research will be useful for the community as an antidiabetic therapy using kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bl.).

Objective: Autoimmune diseases are complex disorders that arise when the immune system loses tolerance to self-antigens, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. To understand disease pathogenesis and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy, animal models are widely used in autoimmune research. This review aims to analyze various types of animal models employed in studies of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and multiple sclerosis (MS), with a particular focus on reproducibility and clinical applicability. Methods: This study was conducted through the selection and analysis of scientific literature published over the last ten years (2015–2025), using specific keywords including “clinical application,” “autoimmunity,” “animal models,” “humanized mice,” “lupus,” “rheumatoid arthritis,” “reproducibility,” and “translational research.” Literature searches were performed in major databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Results: Spontaneous models, such as NOD and MRL/lpr mice, exhibit close resemblance to human disease pathogenesis but are influenced by strain variability and environmental factors. Induced models, including collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), allow greater control over disease onset but do not fully capture the clinical complexity observed in humans. Humanized models demonstrate high translational relevance; however, their use is constrained by high costs and technical limitations. Conclusion: No single animal model is universally ideal for studying autoimmune diseases. Model selection should be based on biological relevance, reproducibility of outcomes, and the potential for clinical translation in autoimmune disease research.

Type 2 diabetes is a persistent medical condition with an increasing incidence that requires long-term treatment. One of the decisive factors in blood glucose control Patient self-awareness is a key variable examined in this study. The research was conducted to assess the relationship between self-awareness and blood glucose levels among individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Tuban Community Health Center area. A correlational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was utilized. The study involved a population of 135 patients, with a sample of 101 respondents selected using simple random sampling.Research data collection was conducted using a self-awareness questionnaire and a blood glucose observation sheet. Data analysis was performed using a chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the analysis showed a p-value of 0.002 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant association between self-awareness and blood glucose levels. Based on these results, the study findings generally indicate that greater self-awareness typically allows for more optimal control of blood glucose levels.

Introduction: Triglycerides are a lipids fractions that play an important role in energy metabolism, but high levels in the blood are strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia tends to increase, including in urban area such us West Jakarta which have high risk consumption patterns. This community service activity aimed to raise public awareness about the importance  lipid profile management with screen triglyceride levels in community of Kelurahan Kota Bambu. Method: The activity was conducted in June 2025, involving 168 adult participants. The method was used was health education on the role of triglycerides and their risk,, followed by laboratory testing using the Nesco BL-101 5in1 Lipid Panel Monitoring System. Triglyceride level was classified into normal, borderline, high, and very high categories according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Results: The average triglyceride level of the participants was 181.21 mg/dL, with a range of 47–830 mg/dL. The triglyceride levels of the majority of participants were in the normal category, but the proportion with high and very high triglyceride levels was significant, indicating the existence of a risk group that needs attention. Conclusion: This activity confirms that simple triglyceride testing at the community level can be an effective step in early detection, education, and prevention

Rice is a staple food for nearly two-thirds of the world's population, including Indonesians. Rice generally has a high glycemic index (GI) and cannot be consumed by diabetics.  Pratanak rice has a low GI, so it is recommended for diabetics. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of parboiled rice on the amount of LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria), pH, and SCFA (Short-Chain Fatty Acids) of diabetic experimental animals. The research method consisted of 6 groups of rats with groups 1 (Cr and Mg fortified parboiled rice), 2 (Cr, Mg and cinnamon fortified parboiled rice), 3 (nonfortified parboiled rice), 4 (ciherang rice), 5 (standard feed for healthy rats), 6 (diabetic rats). All groups of rats were adapted for 3 days with standard feed and treatment for 14 days. LAB, pH, and SCFA were analyzed, statistical tests using One Way Anova if significantly different, followed by DMRT test. Giving chromium, magnesium, and cinnamon fortified rice gave a significant difference in the amount of LAB, pH, and SCFA feces between the treatment group and the control group. Thus, pre-cooked rice fortified with Cr, Mg, and cinnamon has the potential to be a healthier food option for individuals with diabetes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern that frequently remains undiagnosed until advanced stages. Early detection through simple laboratory screening is essential to prevent disease progression and associated cardiometabolic complications. This community service program aimed to assess kidney function using serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while increasing public awareness regarding CKD prevention. A total of 59 participants were included, with a mean age of 39.15 ± 15.39 years (range 16–75 years), predominantly female (74.58%). The mean serum creatinine level was 1.0 ± 0.19 mg/dL, and the mean eGFR was 91.08 ± 20.53 mL/min/1.73 m². Most participants demonstrated normal kidney function (28.8%) or mild decline (21.6%). A progressive reduction in eGFR with increasing age was observed, reflecting the physiological decline in nephron mass and renal perfusion. The program also provided education on kidney-protective practices, including optimal blood pressure control, diabetes management, adequate hydration, and avoidance of nephrotoxic agents. This intervention improved participants’ understanding of CKD risk factors and the importance of regular screening. In conclusion, serum creatinine and eGFR evaluation offer simple, accurate, and practical tools for early CKD detection, supporting promotive–preventive strategies to slow disease progression and enhance quality of life in at-risk populations.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is disease metabolic chronic which causes various complications including decline strength muscle extremities below , which impacts mobility and risk falls in the elderly . Research This aim analyze effectiveness of Resistance Exercise with combination of Tai Chi gymnastics against improvement strength leg muscles in the elderly with DM. Research design use quasi experimental one group pretest –posttest with amount sample of 32 elderly in the Community Seroja Cahya Kawaluyan Hospital . Intervention done for 3 months with frequency 3 times/ week , intensity moderate (50–70%), and duration 45 minutes . Strength muscle legs measured use leg dynamometer . Data not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk p < 0.05), so that analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed 26 elderly experience improvement strength muscles , 3 experienced decrease , and 3 remains , with mark Asymp . Sig. 0.000 (< 0.05), so proven there is improvement strength significant leg muscles after intervention . Exercise program This can recommended as intervention safe and effective for elderly with DM for increase strength muscles and function mobility .

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. This community service activity aimed to increase public knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus and its prevention among residents of Rejomulyo Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung. The method used was health education through lectures supported by leaflets and blood glucose screening, followed by evaluation using pre-test and post-test. A total of 25 community members participated in this activity. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge after the educational intervention. Pre-test results indicated limited understanding of blood glucose control and dietary management, while post-test results showed increased knowledge levels in both aspects. This activity demonstrates that health education is effective in improving community awareness and knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus prevention and management. This educational program is effective in increasing the knowledge of the people of Rejomulyo Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung Regency regarding diabetes mellitus.

Depression is one of the mental health problems that often arise in patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney failure. This condition not only impacts the patient's quality of life, but also affects the treatment process and the burden on the family. However, mental health literacy in the community is still low, so targeted preventive and curative efforts are needed. The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve people's mental health through educational interventions with scientific booklet media that are easy to understand and apply. The activity method is carried out in a participatory manner, including the preparation stage, socialization, educational implementation, and evaluation. Education is provided to the community with a focus on preventing depression through a healthy lifestyle, stress management skills, and early intervention efforts by seeking professional support. Evaluation is carried out through pre-post tests, observations, and group discussions. The results of the activity showed an increase in public knowledge about depression, a change in attitudes to be more open in expressing feelings, as well as practical skills in relaxation, maintaining sleep patterns, and building social support. Participants also better understand the importance of seeking professional help when depressive symptoms are getting worse. The conclusion of this PKM is that the scientific booklet has proven to be effective as a preventive and curative educational intervention medium, and can be an innovative strategy in improving the mental health of people affected by chronic diseases.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that requires early detection to prevent serious complications. This study aims to implement the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm with the Backpropagation method to predict the risk of diabetes. The dataset used is the Pima Indians Diabetes Dataset, consisting of 768 medical records with 8 feature attributes. This study employs the Multi-Layer Perceptron method with an architecture of 8 input neurons, two hidden layers, and 1 output neuron. Model evaluation is conducted using a Confusion Matrix to measure accuracy levels. The test results show that the model is capable of predicting diabetes diagnosis with an accuracy rate of 76.62%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Backpropagation algorithm is effective as an alternative method for early detection of diabetes, although further development is needed to improve the model's sensitivity to positive cases.  

Diabetes mellitus is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease. This condition causes physical and psychological burdens. Quality of life is influenced by various aspects, including the ongoing special needs of diabetes mellitus patients. Family support is a form of assistance provided by family members to provide physical and psychological comfort when someone is ill. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. This type of research is quantitative with a correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 80 respondents. Inclusion criteria included patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for more than one year, were accompanied by their family, and were able to communicate in Indonesian. Data collection was conducted using the HDFSS questionnaire and the DQOL questionnaire. The results showed high family support and a high quality of life for diabetes mellitus patients. The Spearman statistical test produced a p-value of 0.048 and a correlation of 0.222. Thus, there is a positive relationship between family support and quality of life for diabetes mellitus patients. This means that the higher the family support, the better the patient's quality of life. Based on the results of this study, hospitals are advised to provide education regarding the importance of family support in influencing the quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients.

Sugar consumption in Indonesia remains high, with diabetes affecting 20.4 million people. This condition has prompted the government to introduce an excise policy on Minuman Berpemanis Dalam Kemasan (MBDK) to reduce sugar intake. Social media, particularly the X platform, serves as a medium for the public to express their opinions regarding this policy. This study aims to analyze public sentiment toward the MBDK excise policy using a lexicon-based approach for data labeling and the Multinomial Naive Bayes algorithm with unigram and bigram feature extraction. The initial results show that the highest performance was achieved using 5-Fold Cross Validation, with an average accuracy of 83%, precision of 84%, recall of 75%, and an F1-Score of 77%. After applying data balancing using Stratified Cross Validation combined with Borderline-SMOTE and limiting the features to the 700 most frequent terms, the model’s performance improved. The best results were obtained with 10-Fold Cross Validation, achieving 86% accuracy, 84% precision, 83% recall, and an F1-Score of 83%. These findings indicate that the Multinomial Naive Bayes model can effectively classify public sentiment regarding the MBDK excise policy after the data balancing process.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health challenges that continues to rise, including in Indonesia. However, the lack of education and counseling from pharmacists regarding the use of natural ingredients medicines has the potential to affect the effectiveness of treatment and the management of DM. This study aims to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of DM patients, related to the use of natural ingredient drugs in DM management. This study uses a cross-sectional method design, starting with the collection of quantitative data. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling technique over a period of four months. The research involved 101 DM patients from 15 pharmacies in Kendal Regency. The level of knowledge (44.6%), attitude (66.3%), and behaviour (39.6%) of patients in the moderate category. However, the limited knowledge of pharmacists remains a barrier to optimizing pharmaceutical services related to educating patients about natural ingredient medications.

Diabetes mellitus adalah penyakit gangguan metabolisme yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi sekresi insulin, kerusakan sel Beta pankreas, atau resistensi insulin sebagai akibat insulin yang tidak digunakan. DM secara progresif menyebabkan terjadinya komplikasi makrovaskuler, mikrovaskuler, dan neuropatik kronis yang mengancam jiwa. Selain berdampak pada masalah kesehatan, DM juga memiliki konsekuensi ekonomi yang besar. Biaya pengobatan meningkat khususnya apabila terjadi komplikasi jangka panjang dan pilihan pengobatan modern. Perubahan gaya hidup dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan kualitas hidup sehingga penderita tidak mengalami komplikasi. Modifikasi gaya hidup dilakukan dengan mengurangi asupan energi, meningkatkan aktivitas fisik sebagai terapi utama untuk pasien DM yang obesitas. Penurunan berat badan dikombinasikan dengan peningkatan aktivitas dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin dan kontrol glikemik serta mencegah perkembangan DM tipe 2 terhadap risiko tinggi gangguan toleransi glukosa. Target pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan, dan kemampuan penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dalam melakukan modifikasi gaya hidup guna mencegah komplikasi diabetes. Kegiatan  ini dilakukan di layanan kesehatan praktik mandiri bidan (LKPMB) dengan melibatkan mitra dari lahan yaitu bidan dan tim kesehatan terkait dalam bentuk pemberian edukasi dan pelatihan keterampilan mengenai cara melakukan menejemen gaya hidup. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan pemahaman peserta menjadi lebih baik tentang modifikasi gaya hidup dan memiliki motivasi untuk diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that causes global health problems in society. The International Diabetes Federation predicts that the prevalence of diabetes worldwide will increase to 853 million by 2050. The increase in the number of diabetes patients is due to unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as lack of physical activity. Therefore, interventions such as foot exercises and warm water baths are needed to help control blood glucose levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a combination of foot exercises and warm water baths in reducing blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study design used a descriptive case study. The sample size was n=2 people, conducted from May 25, 2025, to May 27, 2025, in the Sukoanyar Village RT 03/RW 03 area, Pakis District, Malang City. The results of this study showed that after three consecutive days of intervention, there was a decrease in blood glucose levels in both research subjects. In Mrs. S, the initial GDS level of 360 mg/dl decreased to 240 mg/dl after the third day of intervention. Meanwhile, in Mr. D, the initial GDS level of 349 mg/dl decreased to 220 mg/dl after the same intervention. Thus, the combination therapy intervention of foot exercises and foot soaking in warm water can lower blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients.

The prevalence of chronic diseases in Jambi City has tended to increase in the last three years, especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Chronic diseases that are high risk, high volume and high cost have an impact on the household economy of sufferers who tend to incur health costs that exceed the family's financial capacity (catastrophic). The existence of the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) from BPJS Health should contribute to reducing the number of chronic diseases, reducing the burden of disease and improving the social relations of chronic disease sufferers, however the coverage of Prolanis activity is still low and several responses from community experience indicate there are problems with the acceptability of the program. This research aims to measure the level of community acceptability of health interventions and social relations in the Prolanis practice as assessed by analyzing affective attitudes, burden, ethics, intervention coherence, costs, perceived effectiveness and self-confidence of chronic disease sufferers in Jambi City in 2023. The research was conducted with Quantitative research methods use a cross-sectional design. Respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique totaling 180 respondents spread across five Puskesmas work areas in Jambi City. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The research results show that the indicators of burden, ethics and effectiveness are the most dominant factors in influencing the acceptability of Prolanis participants. As a recommendation, it is suggested to the government and BPJS Health to increase public understanding of the importance of using Prolanis in an effort to reduce the number of chronic diseases in Jambi City.