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This study was motivated by the low level of independence among Group B children at PAUD Matahari, Tohe Village, Raihat District, Belu Regency. Initial observations revealed that most children still depended on teacher assistance in completing learning activities, particularly in puzzle-solving tasks. Independence is a crucial developmental aspect in early childhood, as it relates to children’s ability to make decisions, complete tasks independently, build self-confidence, and develop a sense of responsibility. Therefore, appropriate instructional strategies are needed to stimulate the development of children’s independence through meaningful and educational play activities. The purpose of this study was to improve children’s independence through puzzle activities. The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects were 12 children (6 boys and 6 girls). Data were collected using observation sheets with assessment categories: Very Well Developed, Developed as Expected, Beginning to Develop, and Not Yet Developed. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods by calculating the percentage of improvement in each cycle. The results indicated a significant increase in children’s independence from Cycle I to Cycle II. Thus, puzzle activities proved effective in enhancing the independence of Group B children at PAUD Matahari.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to assist students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Shirojut Thalibin in understanding the adolescent development period through the perspectives of Aristotle, Comenius, and Charlotte Bühler. The mentoring was motivated by the complexity of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes during adolescence and the low interest of students in studying the stages of human development. The activity was carried out for one week through educational, interactive, and collaborative strategies, using participatory discussion methods, theoretical explanations contextualized with the realities of adolescent life, varied learning media, role simulations, and joint evaluation and reflection. The subjects of the activity were students of MTs Sirajut Thalibin Racek Village, Tiris District, Probolinggo. The results of the mentoring showed an increase in students' understanding of the stages of adolescent development, a higher awareness of maintaining physical and mental health, and a better ability to link personal changes with developmental tasks and life goals. Teachers and the madrasah also experienced positive impacts in the form of strengthened understanding of adolescent characteristics and adjustments to a more holistic learning approach. This activity produces scientific articles, activity documentation, and student work products, while also recommending the integration of human development material in learning and guidance programs to support the moral, intellectual, social, and spiritual development of adolescents.

The advancement of digital technology has transformed children's media consumption patterns, marked by the growing use of short video content such as TikTok, YouTube Shorts, and Instagram Reels. This study aims to explore the psychological impacts of short video addiction on elementary school-aged children, focusing on cognitive, affective, and social aspects. Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 10 children, 7 parents, and 4 teachers from two elementary schools. The findings indicate that children who intensively access short videos (more than two hours per day) experience reduced concentration, emotional instability, and social withdrawal. These results were analyzed using theoretical frameworks from Piaget (cognitive), Krathwohl (affective), Erikson and Bandura (social), and Young’s digital addiction model. The main conclusion reveals that short video addiction negatively affects children's developmental tasks, including logical thinking abilities, emotional regulation, and social skills. Therefore, digital literacy-based interventions and active supervision by parents and teachers are essential to prevent the long-term detrimental impacts on children's psychological development.

The low level of financial literacy in Indonesia, which only reached 49.68% according to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2022, highlights the urgency of financial education from an early age. Children aged 11–12 are at an ideal developmental stage to understand basic financial concepts such as income, expenses, saving, and delayed gratification. This study aims to introduce financial literacy through an interactive learning medium in the form of a board game. Board games are chosen because they enhance children's engagement in learning while playing and serve as an alternative to excessive gadget use. Through gameplay, children practice financial decision-making by simulating buying and selling activities, managing expenses, and choosing to save. This approach also supports the development of children's self-efficacy, which refers to their belief in their ability to manage financial tasks. By applying this method, children are expected not only to understand the value of money but also to implement basic financial management skills in daily life. Educational board games offer an effective tool for instilling healthy financial habits from an early age.

Background: Depression is the most common psychological disorder that occurs in the last years of an individual's life. Elderly depression has several impacts, including shortening life expectancy by worsening physical decline in the elderly, inhibiting the fulfillment of elderly developmental tasks, reducing the quality of life of the elderly, draining the emotions and finances of the affected person and their family and social support system. The physiotherapy program given to the elderly who experience depression includes listening to classical English music and murottal. Purpose: For this reason, this community service activity aims to socialize the provision of classical English music therapy and murottal to reduce the level of depression in the elderly. : This community service activity uses the lecture practice and question and answer method. The lecture method is carried out by delivering material about depression and English music therapy. After that, practice listening to classical English music and Murottal, while the question and answer method is carried out by asking participants about the material that has been presented. Results: The results of this community service activity showed that participants were able to understand and apply the material that had been presented. Conclusion: Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, many of the participants were enthusiastic about receiving the entire series of events starting from the presentation of the material, practicing listening to classical English music to question and answer interactions.

School-aged children are those within the age range of 6-12 years. The primary developmental task for school-aged children is to develop a sense of independence. Independence is the ability or attitude acquired by an individual to perform tasks on their own without the help of others. To enhance their independence, children need stimulation from their environment, such as from their parents. However, in reality, many parents resort to violence under the guise of disciplining their children by administering punishment. This study aims to analyze the corelation between types of child abuse and their impact on the level of independence of fifth and sixth grade students at SDN Karang Bayat 01, Sumberbaru, Jember. This research was a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population conssisted of 39 individuals selected used purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument utilized a questionnaire. Statistical tests were conducted on the obtained data. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square tests and logistic regression was performed to identify dominant factors. The study results indicated that physical abuse had a p-value of 0.046, verbal abuse had a p-value of 0.012, and neglect had a p-value of 0.424. This suggests that there is a corelation between physical and verbal abuse and independence, whereas neglect does not show a corelation with independence. Among the types of child abuse, verbal abuse was found to be the dominant factor affecting independence, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 16.667. Verbal abuse by parents impacts the child’s self-confidence, which is one of the indicators of independence. It is hoped that parents will be mindful of their words and expressions towards their children to avoid hindering their independence.

Depression is the most common psychological disorder that occurs in the last years of an individual's life. Elderly depression has an impact, including shortening life expectancy by exacerbating physical deterioration in the elderly, hindering the fulfillment of elderly developmental tasks, decreasing the quality of life of the elderly, draining the emotions and finances of the affected person as well as their families and social support systems. Physiotherapist programs provided to the elderly who are depressed include listening to classical music in English and murottal. For this reason, this community service activity aims to socialize the provision of English classical music therapy and murottal to reduce the rate of depression in the elderly. This community service activity uses the method of practical lectures and questions and answers. The lecture method was carried out by delivering material about depression and English music therapy. After that, the practice of listening to English and Murotal classical music, while the question and answer method was carried out by asking participants about the material that had been presented. Results: The results of this community service activity were obtained that participants were able to understand and apply the material that had been delivered. Conclusion: Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, many of the participants enthusiastically received the entire series of events ranging from material presentations, practice listening to English classical music to question and answer interactions.   

This research was conducted using the Inventori Tugas Perkembangan (ITP) as a data collection tool. The reseacrh utilized the result of the Inventori Tugas Perkembangan (ITP) as an application of developmental tasks for 7th-grade studen at SMPN 14 Kota Serang. In addition, the assessment results using the Inventori Tugas Perkembangan (ITP) aimed to develop guidance and counseling programs tailored to the student’s needs. The research was carried out at SMPN 14 Kota Serang, with subjects being students from classes 7D, 7E and 7F in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research aimed to collect data and analyze the needs and difficulties faced by 7th-grade students at SMPN 14 Kota Serang. Another objective was to provide an understanding of the use and benefits of the Inventori Tugas Perkembangan (ITP) as a tool to assess student needs. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method and the Inventori Tugas Perkembangan (ITP) as the data collection instrument. The researcher will present the result obtained through the Inventori Tugas Perkembangan (ITP), This research is expected to contribute to the knowleddge base and assist counselor in providing programs and services that meet the needs of students.

Late childhood development is a continuation of early childhood. This period lasts from the age of 6 until the child becomes sexually mature. The beginning of late childhood is marked by the child's entry into the first grade of elementary school which is an important event for the child that can lead to changes in attitudes, values and behavior. In education, it can be adjusted by compiling materials, methods, facilities, and tools that are in accordance with the situation and conditions of the students. For parents, the growth and development of children and the service model will be known so that children can undergo developmental tasks and adapt to their environment well. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the characteristics of the end of childhood, analyze the developmental tasks of the end of childhood, and identify physical development at the end of childhood. Using the literature study method with an approach that involves analyzing relevant literature or information sources. In conclusion, the characteristics of development in late childhood, namely: a. Emotional development such as heightened emotions, the beginning of emotional catharsis, forming gangs of children; b. Game patterns such as exploring, constructive play, watching TV; c. Common offenses often occur such as fighting with siblings, shirking responsibilities, telling false lies. Physical development in late childhood includes: Height and weight, Motor development, Body ratio, Simplicity, Muscle-fat ratio, Teeth.

Abstract. The baby's social emotional development must be a parent's main goal, because if social emotional development does not go well it will affect and hinder other developments such as psychomotor, emotional and other baby development. This research uses a method called critical review, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles, and other media. The main goal of this approach is to improve readers' comprehension and interpretation skills in the field of early childhood development. Infancy is a time of rapid growth and change, infancy is a time of reduced dependency. The developmental tasks of infancy throughout the life span are, learning to eat solid food, learning to walk, learning to talk, learning to control the elimination of body waste, learning sexual differences and procedures, preparing to read, and learning to distinguish right from wrong, and starting to develop conscience. The development of patterns in the changes experienced by individuals since they were still in the womb over a certain life span, namely, weight, height, physical proportions, bones, muscles and fat, body shape, teeth, nervous system, and development of the sense organs. The psychological function of infancy is the period of formation of fundamental psychological patterns for eating, sleeping, and toileting, although the formation of these habits may not be complete by the end of infancy.

Physical growth is the process of change that occurs in the size, shape and structure of an individual's body as they age. In the context of education, understanding physical growth is very important as it can affect the learning process and overall development of learners. In essence, growth emphasises the physical changes of each child. At this time they need balanced nutrition, so that physical growth can be in accordance with the stages that should be. Growth is expected to be in accordance with the developmental tasks that must be passed. This study uses a survey approach research method which is part of a quantitative approach, with observation, interview, questionnaire filling, and documentation techniques. The research subjects were principals, teachers, parents, and students. The results showed that there are differences in how to educate children in the past era with the current one, and also in accordance with what we read in journals and books that are the reference of this research.

Growth and development is a continuous process that occurs from conception and continues until adulthood. The pre-school period is a golden age where stimulation of all aspects of development plays an important role in subsequent developmental tasks, where 80% of children's cognitive development has been achieved at pre-school age. However, in reality there are still many parents who do not understand the importance of screening and stimulating growth and development in children. Screening is carried out to detect irregularities early so that it will be easier to overcome them. Currently, the KPSP Pro application is available, which can be accessed via smartphone, which can be used by parents to carry out independent developmental screening of their respective children. The problems currently faced by partners are the minimal knowledge of parents regarding screening and stimulating growth and development in children, the lack of utilization of the facilities that are already available for conducting screening, many parents who are not open to technology, and do not understand how to access and use applications. KPSP Pro is also unable to utilize information from screening results. The solutions offered to partners are: conducting seminars for teachers and parents regarding the importance of screening and stimulating growth and development in children, informing regarding the availability of the KPSP Pro application, teaching how to access/download the KPSP Pro application, conducting roleplays, carrying out development screening using KPSP Pro and provide an understanding regarding the use of screening results. The results of this activity showed an increase in mothers' knowledge about developmental screening of preschool-age children.

Delayed motor development in children means that motor development has not been developed as it should be, at the child's age, which results in the child not being able to carry out developmental tasks appropriate to his age group. Delayed motor development in children, some of which can be controlled and some of which cannot. This delay is often caused by the child's lack of opportunity to learn motor skills, excessive parental protection, or the child's lack of motivation to learn them. This research was carried out at the Parsoburan Community Health Center, Siantar Marihat District, Pematang Siantar City with a sample size of 53 respondents. After conducting research on the relationship between mothers' knowledge about the growth and development of toddlers and gross motor development aged 1-2 years in the work area of ??the Parsoburan Health Center, Siantar Marihat District, Pematang Siantar City in 2023, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between mothers' knowledge about the growth and development of toddlers and gross motor development at age. 1-2 Years in the Working Area of ??the Parsoburan Health Center, Siantar Marihat District, Pematang Siantar City in 2023

Early adulthood is a period of livelihood, discovery, consolidation and reproductive period, which is a period full of problems and emotional tension, a period of social isolation, a period of commitment and dependence, changes in values, creativity and adjustment to a new lifestyle. During this transition period he will enter his Developmental Task. On the other hand, he will be faced with a problem, including problems within himself (personal hazard), his physique (Physical hazard), and problems with society (social hazard). The method used in this paper is a qualitative method with a library approach. A literature study was conducted by reviewing various sources related to the topics discussed as a conclusion that early adulthood is a period that is not easy, many developmental tasks will be faced, problems that come and go so that many early adults do not know the direction of their life, therefore it is necessary to have a coaching to direct and guide early adults so that they become strong and strong adults in facing the tasks they will carry.        

Early adulthood is a period of livelihood, discovery, consolidation and reproductive period, which is a period full of problems and emotional tension, a period of social isolation, a period of commitment and dependence, changes in values, creativity and adjustment to a new lifestyle. During this transition period he will enter his Developmental Task. On the other hand, he will be faced with a problem, including problems within himself (personal hazard), his physique (Physical hazard), and problems with society (social hazard). The method used in this paper is a qualitative method with a library approach. A literature study was conducted by reviewing various sources related to the topics discussed as a conclusion that early adulthood is a period that is not easy, many developmental tasks will be faced, problems that come and go so that many early adults do not know the direction of their life, therefore it is necessary to have a coaching to direct and guide early adults so that they become strong and strong adults in facing the tasks they will carry.        

In human development, it is often characterized as a developmental milestone where new behaviors emerge and are increasingly complex as the stages of development appear in this modern era. Development does notoccur at a constant pace. A relatively fast growth (spurt) can be interspersed with slow growth (plateau).Some scholars use such uneven patterns of growth and change as evidence of qualitatively different periods of development. From the results of the study found 3 factors that have the potential to affect the development of each child's reasoning,namely; Hereditary factors (heredity), environmental factors, heredity and environmental factors that interact to form behavior. The characteristics inherited by each child have a sensitive period, namely when children are active and motivated learners and when children construct their knowledge based on experience. In implanting physical and cognitive devices there is thought and language becoming increasingly interdependent; As thought and language begin to fuse, children often talk to themselves which is known as self-talk. Self-talk has an important function in cognitive development: By talking to themselves, children learn to guide and direct their own behavior in the process of performing difficult tasks and performing complex maneuvers_just as adults guide them.

Around 40% there are still children of pre-school age who have not been able to do their developmental tasks according to their age. In addition, in the kindergarten, finger painting activities have never been done on the soft motor development of pre-school children in Tunas Kelapa Kindergarten Group B Tinigi Village, Galang District. This type of quantitative research with a one group pretest posttest approach, a population of 32 people and a sample of 15 people with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test, with finger painting as an independent variable and fine motor dependent. The results of the pretest study were 8 respondents (53.3%) suspect and the posttest was 13 respondents (86.7%) normal. The results of bivariate analysis obtained p value 0.014 <0.05, there is an effect of finger painting activities on the soft motor development of pre-school children in Tunas Kelapa Kindergarten Group B Tinigi Village, Galang District. It is hoped that this research can be additional knowledge for parents so they can optimize the development of their children.