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Bankruptcy is a legal mechanism used to resolve a debtor's inability to fulfill debt obligations collectively, orderly, and fairly through a court decision. In the Indonesian bankruptcy system, the curator has a central role in managing and settling bankrupt assets to protect the interests of creditors while providing legal certainty for debtors. This study aims to analyze the regulation of the curator's authority in managing and settling bankrupt assets and to examine its implications for the protection of creditors’ and debtors’ rights from a business law perspective. The research method employed is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, conducted through a literature review of various relevant primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that the curator’s authority is expressly regulated in Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, which provides a legal basis for the curator to manage, secure, sell, and distribute bankrupt assets to creditors in accordance with legal provisions. However, in practice, several obstacles remain, such as difficulties in tracking assets, potential conflicts of interest, and a lack of transparency, which may affect the effectiveness of legal protection. Therefore, the professionalism of the curator and the supervision of the supervising judge are crucial factors in ensuring legal certainty, fairness, and efficiency in the bankruptcy process.

RS at Kemayoran continues to experience low conversion of antenatal care (ANC) patients to delivery services, with a conversion rate of 6.9% in 2024. The maternity ward Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) also remains below national standards. Preliminary assessments indicate dissatisfaction with the hospital’s healthscape, low mimetic desire reflected in limited recommendations, and suboptimal perceived value. This study examines the effects of healthscape and mimetic desire on childbirth location decisions, with perceived value tested as a mediating variable.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data were collected from 210 ANC patients at RSUD Kemayoran through structured questionnaires. Variables included healthscape, mimetic desire, perceived value, and delivery location decision. All instruments met validity and reliability criteria.Results: Healthscape and mimetic desire significantly influenced the decision to choose RSUD Kemayoran for childbirth. Healthscape did not significantly affect perceived value, whereas mimetic desire showed a significant effect. Perceived value had a significant direct effect on delivery decisions but did not mediate the relationships between healthscape or mimetic desire and delivery choice. Healthscape emerged as the most influential determinant.Conclusion: Physical healthcare environments play a critical role in childbirth location decisions. Improving healthscape quality and strengthening professional and social recommendations may enhance ANC-to-delivery conversion rates in public hospitals.

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm in which deep neural networks directly map raw visual inputs to continuous control actions. Despite its effectiveness, this approach suffers from limited transparency, posing significant challenges for deployment in safety-critical driving scenarios. This study addresses the lack of interpretability in vision-based end-to-end autonomous driving systems and aims to analyze model decision-making behavior under critical conditions such as sharp steering maneuvers and abrupt control transitions. To this end, an explainable end-to-end autonomous driving framework is proposed, combining a convolutional neural network trained via imitation learning with gradient-based visual attribution techniques, including Grad-CAM. The model predicts continuous steering, throttle, and braking commands directly from front-facing camera images, while explainability mechanisms are applied to reveal input regions influencing each control decision. Model performance is evaluated using both prediction accuracy and safety-oriented behavioral metrics. Experimental results show that the proposed explainable model achieves lower control prediction errors compared to a baseline end-to-end CNN, reducing steering mean squared error from 0.034 to 0.031, throttle error from 0.021 to 0.019, and brake error from 0.018 to 0.016. Moreover, safety-oriented analysis indicates improved driving stability, with steering variance reduced from 0.087 to 0.072 and abrupt control changes decreased from 14.6 to 10.3 events. Visual explanations consistently highlight road surfaces and lane-related structures during complex maneuvers, indicating reliance on semantically meaningful cues. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that integrating explainability into end-to-end autonomous driving not only preserves predictive performance but also correlates with smoother and more stable driving behavior. This framework contributes to the development of transparent and trustworthy autonomous driving systems suitable for safety-critical applications

The execution of mortgage rights on land is a crucial element in the property security legal system in Indonesia, which allows creditors to obtain debt repayment if the debtor defaults. However, the implementation of parate executie as a non-litigious mechanism based on Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights has sparked constitutional debates, particularly regarding the debtor's right to fair legal protection. This study analyzes the legal considerations of the Constitutional Court in Decision No. 10/PUU-XIX/2021, which rejected the constitutional review of the mortgage execution norms, and evaluates the legal execution procedures post-decision. Using the normative legal research method, this article examines the approach of contractual freedom, the principle of justice, and the protection of property rights in the context of creditor-debtor relationships. The study results show that the Court views parate executie as constitutionally valid, as long as it is carried out with the principles of transparency, proportionality, and the availability of legal recourse for the debtor. Therefore, legal protection within the mortgage system is not eliminated, but must be implemented through accountable and just practices. These findings provide an important normative basis for policymakers and economic actors in ensuring that the execution of guarantees runs effectively while still upholding the constitutional rights of the parties involved.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing members’ decisions to take murabahah financing at BMT Mentari Umat Wangon. The research employed a quantitative approach with descriptive and verification methods. The population consisted of active members using murabahah financing, selected through purposive sampling. Independent variables included service quality, knowledge of Islamic products, trust, location, promotion, profit margin, and financing procedures, while the dependent variable was the members’ financing decision. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression after validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The results show that service quality, Islamic product knowledge, trust, profit margin, and financing procedures significantly affect members’ decisions, whereas location and promotion have no significant effect. The most dominant factors are service quality and institutional trust. These findings support the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which emphasizes that attitudes, trust, and perceived control are key determinants of financial decision-making. The study implies that BMT should enhance service quality, strengthen financial literacy related to Islamic products, and develop digital-based service systems to improve efficiency and competitiveness.

This study aims to analyze the responsibilities of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) and the state in implementing restitution for victims of sexual violence, particularly when the perpetrators are unable to pay or are sentenced to death. The background of this research lies in the weak implementation of restitution, which should be a fundamental right of victims, as illustrated by the case of Herry Wirawan based on the Bandung High Court Decision Number 86/Pid.Sus/2022/PT Bdg. The research addresses two main problems: (1) how the state and LPSK ensure the victims’ rights to restitution under such circumstances, and (2) what obstacles hinder the implementation of restitution based on the decision. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and case study approach. The findings show that the implementation of restitution still faces serious obstacles, such as the absence of technical mechanisms, the lack of designated executing institutions, and the lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies. LPSK plays a role in proposing and calculating restitution amounts but lacks execution authority. Moreover, the state has not yet fulfilled its role as the ultimate guarantor for victims when the perpetrator is unable to comply. In conclusion, Indonesia’s legal system needs to strengthen technical regulations, ensure inter-agency coordination, and affirm the state's role as a guarantor of restitution to achieve meaningful restorative justice for victims of sexual violence

The term overthinking has become part of the everyday vocabulary among Generation Z, reflecting a tendency toward excessive deliberation in ordinary situations, including choosing food. The “Overthinking” advertisement by GoFood presents a compelling visual representation of this dilemma through metaphorical symbols such as a talking forehead, piles of clocks, and zodiac characters that construct a complex visual narrative of indecision. This study aims to examine how symptoms of overthinking are visually represented in the advertisement using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach. The research employed a qualitative method, utilizing observation and documentation techniques to analyze visual structures across scenes. The findings reveal that the advertisement conveys its message through denotative, connotative, and myth-based signs, illustrating how Generation Z interprets the burden of choice in a digital cultural context. The results demonstrate how visual communication strategies can foster empathy while offering solutions to the everyday anxieties of a young audience. This study contributes to the development of visual semiotics discourse in the field of visual communication design and offers insights for advertising practices grounded in social issues.

The Constitutional Court's decision No. 112/PUU-XX/2022, which changed the term of office for the leadership of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) from four years to five years, has sparked controversy in the realm of Indonesian constitutional law. The Constitutional Court, which is supposed to act as a negative legislator, is considered to have exceeded the limits of its authority by establishing new norms in its decision. This research aims to analyze whether the action is a form of deviation of the Constitutional Court's authority referring to the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court. This research uses a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature study of regulations, scientific journals, and other legal sources. The research findings indicate that the Constitutional Court not only declared Article 34 paragraph (1) of the KPK Law contrary to the 1945 Constitution, but also stipulated a direct change in the term of office to five years, including for the current KPK leadership. This action is considered a form of judicial activism that deviates from the principle of separation of powers and the principle of non-retroactivity of law. In conclusion, the Constitutional Court's decision creates legal uncertainty, opens space for politicization of the judiciary, and sets a negative precedent in Indonesia's constitutional system. Therefore, it is necessary to reaffirm the limits of the authority of the Constitutional Court in order to remain within the framework of constitutional law that upholds the principle of checks and balances at all times.

This study aims to determine the effect of price, promotion and service quality on purchasing decisions at the Eccindo cooperative. This study is a causal study using quantitative methods. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with a total of 96 respondents who had purchased at the Eccindo cooperative. The data collection technique was by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique used Partial Least Square (PLS) using the Smart-PLS Version 3.0 program. The results of this study indicate that. (1) price affects purchasing decisions. (2) promotion affects purchasing decisions. (3) service quality affects purchasing decision.

In this article, we discuss protection the rights of citizens in democratic countries from a constitutional point of view and human rights (HAM). The constitution, as the highest legal document of a country, contains the basic principles governing the relationship between the state and its citizens, including in terms of human rights protection. By analyzing the framework of Indonesian law, including the Constitution that was adopted in 1945 and various international human rights instruments. The constitution of Indonesia, especially in Article 28A-28J. However, the implementation of these rights still faces various complex challenges, including regulatory inconsistencies, social inequalities, as well as other political, economic and social factors. It is hoped that this article can make a positive contribution to strengthening the human rights protection system in Indonesia, so that the rights of citizens can be guaranteed and protected properly. Normative juridical research method applied in this article includes analysis of legal rules related to human rights protection, including constitutional laws, government regulations, a court decision. With the application of this research method, this article is expected to make a significant contribution to strengthening the human rights protection system in Indonesia, so that the rights of citizens are guaranteed and protected effectively.

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of product quality and e-promotion on purchasing decision of “SANDEL” glasses in Tembok Village, Limpung District, Batang Regency. The population on this research are consumers who bought “SANDEL” glasses in Tembok Village, Limpung District, Batang Regency. There are 80 samples of “SANDEL” consumers who are believed to represent the characters of the population. Determination of sample members using simple random sampling method, while data collection using questionnaire method. Furthermore, data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on analysis of research result showed that the product quality, and e-promotion can be used to predict purchasing decision of “SANDEL” glasses. Product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision, while the e-promotion variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Thus, it can be concluded that product quality, and e-promotion variables have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision of “SANDEL” glasses in Tembok Village, Limpung District, Batang Regency.

Marriage is a spiritual and physical bond between one man and one woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family based on the belief in the Almighty God. In a marriage, forming a happy family certainly requires cooperation between each party, both husband and wife. If both parties have different goals, it will trigger problems in the household. Problems in the household can influence divorce between both parties, namely husband and wife.  Divorce is a condition in the household where there is no common ground for harmony and harmony in the relationship between husband and wife so that it can be decided by the District Court for those of non-Islamic religions or the Religious Court for those of Islamic religion. Considering that Indonesia is a country of law where every action has rules, if seen from the principle of Nebis In Idem, this problem is no longer acceptable. However, in this divorce case the lawsuit was accepted by the judge and the judge decided again with a different decision. Based on this, the formulation of the problem is how to apply the Ne Bis In Idem Principle by the judge in divorce cases

This research discusses the problem where in a trial facts that cannot be taken into consideration by the panel of judges in deciding a civil case in decision Number 28/Pdt.G/2022/ PN Wates. The research was conducted to find out the reasons why the judge did not consider the evidence that had been submitted by the parties. The normative juridical research method with a conceptual approach and case approach was used to analyze the decision Number 28/Pdt.G/2022/ PN Wates as the primary data of the research and secondary data through literature study and for the process of analyzing data based on qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that the evidence submitted by the litigants in the decision was not considered by the judge because the strength of the evidence was weak. In article 1866 of the Civil Code, evidence that can be submitted to strengthen the arguments in the lawsuit is in the form of written evidence and witness evidence. This study also states that there is a judex factie where the judge examines the facts of the trial, so that the judge can consider it in the decision. Based on this analysis, the judge has responsibility for all evidence submitted by the plaintiff to be considered in making a decision. Evidence is so important in civil trials, because it can affect the judge's confidence in making a consideration to decide a case.

A certificate serves as strong evidence of land ownership rights. In line with technological advancements, the government, through the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency, has introduced a legal product in the form of an Electronic Certificate. This Electronic Certificate, also known as e-Certificate, is issued as a result of an electronic land registration process. As a legal product of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency, the Electronic Certificate constitutes valid and strong evidence of land ownership rights. However, in the process of land registration leading to the issuance of the Electronic Certificate, as well as in other related aspects, errors may occur, resulting in administrative and/or juridical defects. Moreover, the Electronic Certificate may also become an object of a court decision. Consequently, the Electronic Certificate can be subject to cancellation, which may be processed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020 on the Handling and Resolution of Land Cases. This study employs a normative juridical research method, utilizing a statute approach as its legal analysis framework.

Every business definitely wants to expand its business by opening new branches in different regions to increase income and become a successful business. To open a new business branch, of course, a lot of consideration is needed before making a decision. So that the decision is correct and in accordance with needs, Research is used in its implementation. Therefore, this research applies a decision support system using the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method in selecting a new branch location for the Tokepangsit Medan business which will open a new branch in Langkat Regency. With this method, the decision result obtained is alternative 4, namely Selesai District, which gets the highest score of 0.640.

Choosing a specific brand from a variety of brand options is a purchase decision. In this study, Product Quality and Service Quality are considered the two main factors influencing the purchase decision of milk donuts at DONSU Cibaduyut. The purpose of this research is to analyze how these two factors affect the purchasing decision. The research was conducted at DONSU Cibaduyut, involving 96 respondents selected using the Purposive Sampling method, with an unknown population size. Data were collected through closed questionnaires with a rating scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. This study employs a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis of the data obtained. To analyze the data, regression analysis was used, and hypothesis testing was carried out using T-tests and F-tests. The results of the study revealed three main findings in line with the proposed hypotheses: 1) Product Quality does not significantly affect the Purchase Decision; 2) Service Quality significantly affects the Purchase Decision; 3) Product Quality and Service Quality together influence the Purchase Decision.

With the development of increasingly widespread information technology, many opportunities are created in the business environment. Various companies have implemented information technology to process their business activities. The Bun House Malang is no exception, which uses Instagram to conductmarketing activities online. This study aims to determine the effect of social media marketing and electronic word of mouth on purchasing decisions at The Bun House Malang. This research is a quantitative research. Using purposive sampling technique, questionnaires were distributed online to 100 consumers of The Bun House Malang. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The results of multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing indicate that social media marketing and electronic word of mouth have an effect on buying decision. The results showed that social media marketing and electronic word of mouth had an effect on purchasing decisions at The Bun House Malang. Purchasing decisions can be improved through engaging content that requires consumer engagement and increasing the intensity of positive consumer experience reviews shared on social media. It is hoped that the company can improve the quality ofcontent Instagram and services provided so that consumers share positive reviews on social media so that consumers become loyal.

Guarantee fiduciary guarantees play an important role in economic financing in Indonesia. However, implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution often leads to legal conflicts, especially the abuse of executorial power by creditors. Court Decision Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 changes the execution mechanism to better protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. This raises the need to reformulate Perkap No. 8/2011 to be relevant to the changes.changes. Research This research uses a normative method that analyzes the relevant laws and regulations related laws and regulations, the principles of justice, and their compatibility with social dynamics. The focus is to review the relevance and weaknesses of Perkap No. 8/2011 after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Constitutional Court's ruling limits unilateral execution and requires an acknowledgment of default or a court decision before execution. default or court decision before execution is carried out. This increases the protection of debtors' rights, but also adds procedural burdens for creditors. for creditors. The reformulation of Perkap No. 8/2011 is necessary to ensure that execution is more fair and lawful. The reformulation should include mechanisms that prioritize legality, protection of debtor rights, and oversight of abuse. monitoring against abuse. Synergy between the court, the police, and related parties need to be strengthened to create a balanced and transparent legal ecosystem and transparent.

Purchase Decision is a decision to buy a product or brand you like, but two factors can arise between purchase intention and purchase decision. This research aims to determine the influence of online customer reviews, influencer endorsements and price perceptions on purchasing decisions. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. In determining the research sample, the Slovin formula was used, where the number of samples obtained was 100 samples. Data was collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and processed using SPPSS 26. Based on the partial test, the Online Customer Review variable had a positive and significant effect on the decision to purchase Eiger products in the Indonesian North Sumatra Climber Community. A value of t-count of 8.139 > 1.66 t-table was obtained, then the Endorsement Influencer variable had a positive and significant influence on Purchasing Decisions, a value of t-count of 2.169 > 1.66 t-table was obtained, and the Price Perception variable had a positive and significant influence on Purchase Decisions with a t-count value of 3.885 > 1.66 t-table . Simultaneous test results show that the online customer review (X1), influencer endorsement (X2) and price perception variables (X3) together have a positive and significant effect on the decision to purchase Eiger products in the Indonesian North Sumatra climbing community.

The enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022, concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation, is a follow-up to Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 regarding the formal review of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. However, during its formation process, Law Number 13 of 2022 can be considered as not meeting the criteria of an open cumulative law due to the Constitutional Court's decision. It is viewed as a tool to legitimize the flawed legislative process that followed the Court's ruling on Law Number 11 of 2020. The method used in this analysis is normative juridical, applying a statutory approach. The results of this research indicate that the reconstruction of substantive content using the omnibus law method in Law Number 13 of 2022 does not align with regulatory governance in Indonesia, which remains characterized by overlapping regulations—both horizontally and vertically—and is irrelevant to the existing decentralization system. The establishment of a National Regulatory Agency (BRN) is proposed as a constructive solution to ensure that the quality of academic drafts, methods, and regulatory content is thoroughly examined for feasibility, thereby creating a national regulatory system that is high quality, orderly, and optimal.