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The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is Indonesia's primary conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme for poverty alleviation. This study examines PKH effectiveness in improving household welfare among beneficiaries in Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), employing a Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation approach. The analysis integrates a Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) perspective to evaluate Access, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APCB) dimensions for vulnerable groups. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was applied to 151 beneficiary households selected via proportional sampling across three urban sub-districts. The 3SLS estimations establish that targeting accuracy (X1) and economic empowerment (X3) are the most significant determinants of PKH effectiveness; PKH effectiveness (Y1) strongly shapes household governance (Y2) through the Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) mechanism; and PKH effectiveness is the dominant determinant of household welfare (Y3), with a near-unity coefficient (β=0.97). GEDSI analysis reveals that female-headed households, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face compounding vulnerabilities inadequately addressed by current program design. The study recommends strengthening data verification systems, embedding economic empowerment as a core pillar, and adopting differentiated targeting based on intersectional vulnerability profiles.

This study examines compounding in exposition texts written by Grade XI students of SMA Swasta Anastasia. The study is motivated by the importance of word formation processes in enriching vocabulary and improving students’ writing skills, particularly in expressing ideas clearly and systematically. This research aims to identify the forms and meanings of compound words used in students’ exposition texts. A qualitative descriptive method with content analysis was employed, and the data were analyzed based on the concept of compounding in morphological studies. The findings reveal that students use various types of compound words, including noun–noun combinations, adjective–noun combinations, and reduplication forms that produce new meanings. The results indicate that compounding contributes to meaning clarification and enhances students’ ability to communicate ideas effectively through written texts. However, students’ competence in using compound words is still developing and influenced by their linguistic environment and learning experiences. This study contributes to morphology research and Indonesian language education by highlighting the role of word formation in students’ writing development.

This qualitative case study investigated the factors and impacts of English language learning anxiety among students at SMP Muhammadiyah Tanjungpinang. The research focused on students from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades during the academic year 2024/2025. A total of 32 students across all grade levels were involved in the study. The researchers initially conducted classroom observations to identify students who exhibited signs of anxiety during English lessons. Based on these observations, eleven students were selected as participants for semi-structured interviews and more detailed classroom observations. The research aimed to explore how anxiety manifests in the classroom and how it affects students' language acquisition in a unique socio-educational environment. The data collected through interviews and observations were analyzed qualitatively by interpreting students’ responses and behavioral patterns in class. The findings revealed that three primary types of language anxiety—Communication Apprehension, Test Anxiety, and Fear of Negative Evaluation—were commonly experienced by the students. These forms of anxiety were often interconnected, compounding the emotional barriers students faced in English learning. One of the key contributing factors was the students’ fear of peer ridicule, especially within a tightly bonded student community. Many of the participants were affiliated with orphanages connected to the school, which created a unique emotional and social environment. This setting, while supportive in many ways, also contributed to heightened sensitivity to peer judgment and a strong fear of making mistakes. As a result, the affective filter among these students was notably high, significantly hindering their willingness to participate and ultimately affecting their English language acquisition.

The formation of new lexical items through the combination of two or more lexemes is referred to as compounding, a significant process within the field of morphology. As noted by O’Grady (1996), compound words are typically categorized into two types: endocentric and exocentric compounds. Katamba (1994:320) emphasizes that endocentric compounds exhibit greater productivity compared to their exocentric counterparts. This study aims to examine the morphological structures of endocentric compound words found in a specific object—namely, the speech text School Strike for Climate. Employing a qualitative-descriptive method, the research analyzes and interprets the semantic classification of the identified compounds. The speech transcript reveals 26 occurrences of endocentric compounds, all of which function as compound nouns and consist of nominal components.

The implementation of pharmaceutical service standards in hospitals must be supported by the availability of pharmaceutical resources, organization oriented towards patient safety and standard operational procedures, where pharmaceutical resources include human resources as well as facilities and infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to determine the evaluation of prescription service waiting time at the Surya Insani Pasir Pangairan Hospital pharmacy. This study used qualitative research (In-depth interview) from this study the sample was 6 (six) people, namely 2 key informants, 2 main informants and 2 triangulation/additional informants totaling 6 people. The results of the study Human resources on prescription service waiting time at the Surya Insani Pasir Pangaraian Hospital Pharmacy Installation, Riau are still lacking. The required standard is 13 and the available is 9 so it requires 4 more people, facilities and infrastructure for waiting time for prescription services at the Pharmacy Installation of Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangaraian Riau meet 85% and there are still obstacles to speeding up services, the policy for waiting time for prescription services at the Pharmacy Installation of Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangaraian Riau is that SOP is enforced for 10 minutes for non-compounding and 20 minutes for compounding., supervision of waiting time for prescription services at the Pharmacy Installation of Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangaraian Riau is that SOP is enforced as a reference for work, there is training and education for waiting time for prescription services at the Pharmacy Installation of Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangaraian Riau., Suggestions are expected for hospitals As information for Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangairan so that they can intervene in order to make good Health Human Resource planning, As information material for Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangairan regarding things that are considered good or not considered good so that they can be an improvement in the future.

Beyond Use Date or BUD is the time limit for a non-sterile or sterile mixed preparation not to be stored and used, calculated from the date or time of compounding. BUD indicates the time limit for the preparation to be in a stable state so it is very necessary to determine the BUD time. This article aims to review BUD information on 20 types of injection preparations in one of the Bandung City Hospitals conducted in 2024 using information collection methods from various sources such as related drug brochures, LexiDrug, and Drug Information Handbook. The results of the study of 13 therapeutic classes with 20 types of injection preparations show that each sterile preparation has different characteristics (active substance, solvent, dosage form and its components, duration of therapy, and storage), thus affecting the stability after reconstitution of each preparation, both those determined by each pharmaceutical industry and information obtained from LexiDrug and Drug Information Handbook. The results of this study can be used as a reference in making more applicable guidelines in determining the BUD of injection preparations in one of the Bandung City Hospitals.

This study examines the toponymy of hamlets in Panggungharjo village located in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. This study aims to understand the meaning, origin of the names of hamlets in Panggungharjo village, their morphological processes and their implications in the context of local culture. Using qualitative methods, this study collected data through interviews with community leaders and through existing literature reviews. This study also does not exclude information from the official village website. This study found that the naming of hamlets in Panggungharjo village showed the influence of reflection of the manifestation aspect found in five hamlets and the societal aspect found in nine hamlets. This study also found morphological processes that occurred in the toponymy of hamlets in Panggungharjo village, namely affixation, repetition (reduplication), compounding, abbreviation (acronym), and changes in sounds, both vowels and consonants. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between culture and naming, namely culture is one of the factors influencing the naming of hamlets in Panggungaharjo sub-district.

This study aims to analyze phonological and morphological errors in lifestyle column articles of the Kabar Priangan newspaper, September-October 2024 edition. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies and classifies the language errors found. Data is collected through observation and note-taking techniques, where the researcher records every phonological and morphological error that appears in the text. The analysis results show various types of errors, including phoneme omission, phoneme addition, phoneme sound changes, affix usage errors, word compounding, and unnecessary word repetition. This study provides insights into the causes of errors and their impact on reader comprehension, as well as offers recommendations for improving language use in online media.

This study aims to analyze phonological and morphological errors in lifestyle column articles of the Kabar Priangan newspaper, September-October 2024 edition. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies and classifies the language errors found. Data is collected through observation and note-taking techniques, where the researcher records every phonological and morphological error that appears in the text. The analysis results show various types of errors, including phoneme omission, phoneme addition, phoneme sound changes, affix usage errors, word compounding, and unnecessary word repetition. This study provides insights into the causes of errors and their impact on reader comprehension, as well as offers recommendations for improving language use in online media.

This research aims to explain language errors in the field of morphology in the essay texts of class IX students at SMP Negeri 45 Medan. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data source is in the form of essay texts from class IX students. The data collection technique in this research is documentation technique. Documentation techniques are used to collect data in the form of notes, transcripts, books, etc. The results of this research contained several errors, namely 10 errors in affixation, 8 errors in reduplication and 1 error in compounding.

Minangkabau has a variety of cultures, starting from clothing, architecture, motifs, beliefs, songs, and visual characters. One of the uniqueness of Minangkabau is that it has traditional clothing that is its own characteristic. One of the famous traditional clothes in Minangkabau is Bundo Kanduang clothing. Skins have various types, one of which is Skin outfit which is a skin for characters in the game.  This Minangkabau skin outfit is designed for the PUBG mobile game or known as Player Uknown's Battleground mobile. The delivery in designing this skin outfit uses the main media Manual Book. Manual book that contains history, making skin outfits, skin items and supporting media, namely T-shirts, posters, stickers, x banners, totebags, hangers / merchandise and Instagram social media to promote. The compounding method used is Glassbox with a 5w + 1h data analysis method, namely what, who, when, where, why, and how. With the completion of this Manual Book, it is hoped that it can become a media that has effective and communicative information for the target audience.