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KIP Kuliah is a government-funded educational assistance program aimed at high school (SMA) graduates or equivalent who demonstrate strong academic potential but face economic constraints. This program is expected to expand access to higher education and help students complete their studies on time without being burdened by financial concerns. However, the effectiveness of KIP Kuliah utilization depends not only on the amount of aid provided but also on students’ ability to manage their finances wisely through the implementation of good money habits This study is a field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The sample consists of six informants, namely KIP Kuliah recipients at Politeknik Negeri Medan from the 2020–2023 cohorts. The results show that personal financial management among students includes budgeting, controlling expenses, and saving behavior. In addition, several factors influence students’ financial behavior, such as financial literacy, social environment, lifestyle, and individual needs. With proper financial management, KIP Kuliah funds can be utilized optimally to support students’ academic success.

Drug stockouts in hospitals pose significant risks to service quality, patient safety, and operational efficiency. This study aimed to analyze how drug demand planning and procurement processes at Johar Baru Regional General Hospital contribute to stockout occurrences and to develop data-driven recommendations based on supply chain management principles. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using data triangulation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Head of the Pharmacy Installation, procurement staff, and warehouse pharmacists, complemented by direct observation and analysis of 2024 planning and procurement documents. Thematic analysis was conducted with the support of NVivo software to identify patterns and relationships among key variables, including drug demand planning, procurement, and inventory management.Findings reveal that stockouts stem from interconnected weaknesses in planning accuracy, procurement coordination, and inventory control systems. Effective stock management depends not only on increasing supply but also on improving data quality, integrating inventory information systems with operational workflows, and enhancing cross-functional collaboration. Recommended strategies include implementing a minimum stock alert system integrated with the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS), strengthening standard operating procedures for stockout response and procurement confirmation, improving integration between HMIS, the National Formulary, and budgeting systems, and applying consumption based planning methods combined with ABC VEN analysis to optimize inventory control.

The Papua Special Autonomy Fund (Dana Otonomi Khusus Papua) represents a key instrument of Indonesia’s asymmetric fiscal decentralization aimed at reducing historical inequalities, accelerating regional development, and promoting social justice for Indigenous Papuans. However, after more than two decades of implementation, concerns persist regarding its effectiveness in producing equitable welfare outcomes, particularly with respect to accountability, targeting accuracy, and distributive justice. This literature review critically examines existing scholarly research on the governance, implementation, and impacts of Dana Otsus Papua, with an emphasis on how institutional arrangements shape policy performance and equity outcomes. The study employs a narrative–critical literature review enriched with systematic elements, including transparent search procedures, explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, and thematic synthesis. Peer-reviewed journal articles and reputable conference proceedings were analyzed using thematic analysis and conceptual mapping to identify dominant findings, methodological approaches, and research gaps. The synthesis reveals recurring patterns across the literature. Accountability mechanisms remain fragmented and weakly integrated across planning, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluation processes. Targeting accuracy is inconsistent, with fiscal benefits frequently failing to reach Indigenous Papuans as intended. Moreover, distributive justice outcomes depend more on institutional recognition, participation, and governance capacity than on the size of fiscal transfers alone. The review also highlights a critical gap in integrative evaluations that link governance arrangements, implementation processes, and equity outcomes. The article concludes that improving Dana Otsus Papua requires a shift from expenditure-focused assessments toward governance- and justice-oriented evaluation frameworks. The study contributes theoretically by integrating accountability, implementation, and distributive justice perspectives, and offers practical insights for strengthening oversight, refining targeting mechanisms, enhancing participatory governance, and embedding digital tools within accountability systems.

Covid-19 referral hospitals were studied and it was found that their operational costs had increased. However, their income had actually decreased. This was because there were not many general patients. In addition, asset utilisation was also hampered by the Covid-19 pandemic, which affected the economy. This study sought to find out whether there had been an increase or decrease due to Covid-19. The study used a quantitative method, namely calculating the effectiveness and efficiency ratios. This study uses a descriptive method. The results will be explained in detail. This study compares the conditions before and during Covid-19. The results show that effectiveness in 2019 was 114%. Then, in 2023, it rose to 128%, or an increase of 14%. Meanwhile, efficiency in 2019 was 88%. In 2023, it was 107%. This means there was a decrease of 19%. In conclusion, the budget was well prepared and very effective in 2019 and 2023. However, the use of operational costs during Covid-19 was less efficient. From being quite efficient in 2019, it became inefficient in 2023.

This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to strengthen the role of adolescent parents through education on parenting during puberty and family financial literacy in Lembang Tondon Langi’, Tondon District, North Toraja Regency. Through two training sessions led by Ibu Rio Rita Pakan and Ibu Westerini, the program focused on enhancing the knowledge and skills of parents in addressing the challenges of parenting adolescent children and managing household finances. The first session, which addressed parenting during puberty, provided parents with insights into the characteristics of adolescent development and effective communication strategies. The second session, which focused on family financial management, offered practical skills in budgeting, debt management, and saving for the future. The results of the program showed that parents in Lembang Tondon Langi’ felt more prepared and confident in applying a more open and adaptive approach to parenting, as well as becoming more prudent in managing household finances. The enhancement of skills in both areas is expected to create more harmonious families and greater financial stability. The sustainability of the program is recommended through the formation of ongoing discussion groups and the active involvement of community leaders. This program has contributed positively to family welfare and the empowerment of parents in rural areas

This study investigates the influence of financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and financial inclusion on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through business sustainability. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) examines the impact of financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and financial inclusion on MSME performance through business sustainability mediation by synthesizing empirical data from 12 research (2020–2025) across Scopus and Web of Science. Positive direct effects on sustainability (financial literacy via budgeting/risk management; training via adaptive resilience; inclusiveness via digital access) and performance metrics like profitability/growth are confirmed by results using the PRISMA 2020 flow.  Amid obstacles like financial access restrictions and COVID-19 disruptions, business sustainability appears as a crucial mediator, linking these factors to improved MSME results in developing contexts (Africa, Indonesia). Practical implications compel policymakers to give integrated literacy programs, contextual training, and inclusive finance top priority. Theoretical contributions combine financial literacy, entrepreneurial learning, and sustainability ideas into a holistic mediation model. The results highlight the importance of integrating financial education, entrepreneurial skill development, and inclusive financial systems to strengthen MSME resilience and competitiveness. This study provides practical implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and support organisations in designing effective interventions that foster sustainable business growth. The research also contributes theoretically by confirming the mediating role of business sustainability in the relationship between financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, financial inclusion, and MSME performance. Future studies may expand these insights by examining additional contextual factors such as digital technology adoption and business networking that further support sustainable MSME development.

This study explores the integration of financial numeracy with local wisdom in mathematics education in Indonesia. By incorporating real-life financial scenarios, such as budgeting, saving, and investment calculations, into mathematics lessons, the research aims to enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts while simultaneously improving their financial literacy. The study also emphasizes the importance of using local cultural and economic knowledge as a context for learning, making abstract mathematical concepts more relevant and accessible. The findings suggest that contextualizing mathematics education through local wisdom significantly improves student engagement, understanding, and practical application of mathematical knowledge. The integration of financial numeracy helps students make informed financial decisions and prepares them for future financial challenges. This research contributes to the development of a mathematics curriculum that combines financial literacy with local context, offering a more inclusive, relevant, and practical approach to education. The study’s findings contribute to the ongoing development of more inclusive, relevant, and practical educational frameworks that incorporate financial literacy into the mathematics curriculum.

This study aims to explore the integration of financial literacy into context-based mathematics education at the elementary school level by emphasizing the use of local knowledge in learning activities. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research investigates the experiences and perceptions of students and teachers involved in mathematics learning that connects mathematical concepts with real-life financial situations, such as budgeting, saving, and personal financial management. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the learning process and its outcomes. The findings indicate that integrating financial literacy into context-based mathematics learning enhances the relevance of mathematical content and facilitates students’ conceptual understanding. Students reported increased interest and engagement in mathematics lessons, as well as greater confidence in applying mathematical skills to manage personal finances. The use of familiar financial contexts enabled students to perceive mathematics as meaningful and applicable to their daily lives. Teachers identified limited instructional time and difficulties in explaining abstract concepts as key obstacles in the implementation process. Overall, the results suggest that context-based mathematics learning integrated with financial literacy has strong potential to improve students’ mathematical understanding and financial awareness while fostering practical life skills. Nevertheless, effective implementation requires careful instructional planning, adequate time allocation, and appropriate pedagogical strategies to address complex financial concepts. This study contributes to the growing body of research on contextualized mathematics education by highlighting the importance of integrating local context and financial literacy to enhance the quality and relevance of elementary mathematics education.

Education has long been recognized as a primary determinant of economic progress and human development , yet in the context of a global economy characterized by rapid technological change and the sustainability imperative, the focus shifts from the mere quantity of investment to its effectiveness in fostering sustainable economic growth. Current education systems face significant challenges, including a persistent global "learning crisis" , governance inefficiencies , and a misalignment between curricula and the demands of the labor market, particularly the green and digital economies. Given that existing literature often treats education investment as a static input and fails to holistically integrate sustainability and governance into the optimization process , this conceptual article aims to bridge these theoretical and empirical gaps by proposing an integrated model for the optimization of education investment for sustainable economic growth. The method involves a conceptual analysis that synthesizes human capital theory , endogenous growth theory , and the economics of sustainability , emphasizing the roles of governance, innovation, and inclusivity as mediating factors. The key finding of the study indicates that optimization necessitates a paradigm shift from input-oriented budgeting toward an outcome-based investment framework that holistically balances three crucial dimensions: efficiency (maximizing learning outcomes) , equity (ensuring inclusive access) , and relevance (alignment with sustainability needs). The resulting policy implications are delineated across the Macro (fiscal integration and sustainability strategies through performance-based funding) , Meso (institutions transform into adaptive innovation centers) , and Micro (enhancement of reskilling, upskilling, and human capital capacity) levels; by achieving this alignment, education successfully transitions from a cost center to a strategic catalyst driving sustained prosperity.    

This article analyzes the challenges and solutions surrounding funding for Early Childhood Education (ECE) institutions in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the high dependence on parental fees and the limited availability of external support. ECE plays a crucial role in supporting children’s development during their early years; however, many institutions struggle with financial instability due to inadequate and inconsistent funding sources. This study uses a literature review approach by synthesizing relevant books, journal articles, government regulations, and institutional reports to provide a comprehensive understanding of the funding landscape. Findings show that most ECE institutions rely heavily on parental contributions, causing financial vulnerability, limiting program development, and reducing access for low-income families. Government assistance through the Operational Education Assistance (BOP) remains insufficient and often delayed. Meanwhile, collaborations with the private sector, CSR programs, and community-based support are still minimal. Financial challenges negatively affect institutions’ ability to provide adequate facilities, ensure teacher welfare, and implement holistic-integrative learning programs. The study suggests several solutions, including strengthening financial management capacity, applying participatory budgeting, diversifying funding sources, and initiating creative economic programs such as school bazaars and community partnerships. These strategies are expected to improve sustainability and enhance the quality of ECE services in Indonesia.

This study aims to integrate Prophetic guidance (Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad into the development of a Maqāṣid-Based Budgeting Framework, focusing on the balance between efficiency and social responsibility in Islamic financial management. Using a qualitative thematic approach to relevant hadiths on trust (amānah), professionalism (itqān), prohibition of extravagance (isrāf), and distributive justice, the study reveals that efficiency in Islam extends beyond cost reduction toward the optimization of maslahah ‘āmmah (public welfare). Meanwhile, social responsibility serves as an ethical foundation ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in fiscal decision-making. The integration of Prophetic values with theories of Islamic Fiscal Management and Public Finance Efficiency enhances the conceptual strength of Islamic budgeting as a model of balanced financial governance. Thus, budgeting in the maqāṣid and Prophetic perspective is not merely a technical instrument but also a spiritual and social tool for achieving just, efficient, and ethically grounded financial management.

Managing public markets is one form of government service aimed at improving community competitiveness, as regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 7 of 2014 concerning Trade and the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 20 of 2012 concerning the Management and Empowerment of Traditional Markets. Public markets play a vital role as local economic drivers that support community livelihoods. According to Utamanews.com (2022), Tanjung Morawa Public Market, located on Jalan Gerilya, Tanjung Morawa District, was rated by business actors as the poorest-performing public market in Deli Serdang Regency. This study aims to describe the capacity of the Department of Industry and Trade (Disperindag) of Deli Serdang Regency in managing the Tanjung Morawa Public Market. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis is based on Horton et al.’s (2003) organizational capacity indicators, including human resources, infrastructure, technology, budgeting, and organizational activities. The findings reveal that Disperindag has not yet reached optimal capacity in market management, as evidenced by weak human resources, poorly maintained infrastructure, lack of technological application such as REPATONIK, limited budget allocation, and ineffective organizational activities in maintaining cleanliness and regulating street vendors around the market.

This study aims to interpret the budgeting process in the policy-making of Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) at PT Kaltim Industrial Estate (KIE). Using a qualitative-interpretive approach through a single instrumental case study, data were collected from interviews with key informants, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that TJSL budgeting at KIE is not merely a technical process but rather a complex arena of meaning negotiation. This process reflects the company’s efforts to respond to institutional pressures while simultaneously building social legitimacy. Five main themes were identified: (1) the interpretation of TJSL as a commitment to sustainability and Creating Shared Value (CSV); (2) the integration of TJSL into corporate strategy; (3) a bottom-up and participatory budgeting process; (4) priority setting influenced by institutional pressures and financial capacity; and (5) program evaluation involving external parties. The study concludes that the interpretation of TJSL has shifted from a symbolic obligation to a strategic investment, substantively integrated into corporate governance to ensure business sustainability.

Gender mainstreaming (PUG) is a development strategy that integrates gender equality as a key principle in planning and budgeting. The city of Semarang has adopted this approach in various policy documents; however, its implementation still faces significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of the seven prerequisites for PUG according to the guidelines from the Ministry of PPPA, including commitment, policies, institutional frameworks, resources, sex-disaggregated data, gender analysis tools (GAP and GBS), and community participation. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews, document studies, and questionnaires. Key informants include local government organizations (OPDs) and civil society representatives. Data analysis is carried out using Miles & Huberman's interactive model with thematic analysis. The findings show that normative prerequisites such as policies and institutional frameworks are in place, but implementation remains weak, particularly in the use of sex-disaggregated data and the application of GAP-GBS. Supporting factors for success include leadership commitment from specific OPDs and the existence of cross-sector coordination forums, while the main obstacles are limited human resource capacity and insufficient gender-responsive budget allocation. This study reinforces the relevance of policy implementation theory in bridging the gap between normative frameworks and operational practices. Recommendations include ongoing training, mainstreaming sex-disaggregated data, and technical regulations that all OPDs must follow to enhance the effectiveness of PUG.

The study presents a comprehensive framework for optimizing customer retention budget by integrating clustering, classification, and mathematical optimization techniques. The study begins with the IBM Telco dataset, which is prepared through data cleansing, encoding, and scaling.  In the preliminary phase, customer segmentation is performed using K-Means clustering, with k = 3 and k = 4 identified as optimal based on the elbow method and Silhouette score. The configurations produced three (Premium, Standard, Low) and four (Premium, Standard Plus, Standard, Low) customer segments based on purchase preferences, which served as input features for churn prediction. In the second phase, the dataset was divided into training and test sets in an 80:20 ratio, followed by data balancing using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Edited Nearest Neighbors (ENN). Multiple classification algorithms were evaluated, including Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting (GB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) using F1-score as the performance metric. CatBoost and LightGBM, with k values of 3 and 4, respectively, were the highest-performing classification models, with only minimal differences in performance.    Ultimately, customer segmentation established customer prioritization, whereas churn prediction assessed customer churn likelihood. Four distinct configurations were assessed utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to optimise retention budget allocation within uniform budget constraints, discount amounts, and churn thresholds. In both the k=3 and k=4 scenarios, CatBoost surpassed LightGBM, with CatBoost at K=3 effectively discounting 66% of at-risk consumers across all three segments, hence improving the intervention's efficacy and budget allocation, making it the ideal choice for maximizing customer retention. The results demonstrate the importance of segmentation in enhancing retention budgeting and budget optimization, particularly concerning parameter sensitivity.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Good Governance principles, including accountability, transparency, and participation in the management of Village Funds in Tambaksari Kidul Village, Kembaran Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that accountability in village financial reporting has been carried out in accordance with regulations, although there are still delays in reporting. Transparency in budgeting and the implementation of village funds has been conducted through village meetings and village information media, but has not yet reached the stage of impact evaluation. Community participation is quite active in planning and implementation, but minimal in the evaluation stage. Challenges faced include limited human resources, infrastructure, and low community participation. Strengthening human resource capacity, improving information transparency, and optimizing inclusive village meetings are needed to support better village fund management.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of natural science laboratory management in improving the quality of practicums in senior high schools. This study uses a literature review approach by examining various academic sources related to laboratory management. The results of the analysis indicate that effective laboratory management includes five main strategies, namely management of equipment, materials, data, laboratory personnel training, and cost budgeting. The success of implementing this strategy depends on the implementation of supporting factors such as work safety, infrastructure quality, personnel capabilities and excellent data management systems. However, there are still many obstacles, including limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of professionals, inadequate budgets, and optimal planning and implementation of practices. Comprehensive improvements in laboratory management are expected to enable learning science to be implemented in a more optimal and sustainable manner.

Local financial management in Indonesia still faces significant challenges, such as budget inefficiencies, high dependence on central funds, and lack of locally generated revenue (PAD), which exacerbates development inequality, especially in underdeveloped regions such as Papua. This research highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration and technology utilization for the optimization of local finance to achieve sustainable development equity. Collaboration between central and local governments, the private sector, and the community can improve transparency and accountability of budget management, while technologies such as e-budgeting, blockchain, and the Local Government Information System (SIPD) can accelerate the budget planning and monitoring process. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with thematic analysis of primary and secondary data to evaluate the effectiveness of technology integration and cross-sector collaboration. The results show that a strong synergy between collaboration and technology can improve budget efficiency, reduce dependency on central funds, and accelerate infrastructure development and public services in disadvantaged areas. Policy recommendations include strengthening local government capacity, implementing a blockchain-based monitoring system, and involving communities in development planning. This research contributes to the local financial management literature by offering evidence-based solutions that support inclusive and equitable development in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the budgeting process, factors that form the basis of budgeting and obstacles to the budget implementation and realization process at the Secretariat of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Jambi Province. The analytical tool used is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the budgeting process at the Secretariat of the Jambi Provincial DPRD follows the regional government budget cycle which consists of three main stages, namely budget preparation and determination, budget implementation, and APBD accountability reports. Budget preparation is carried out through coordination with the Executive Budget Team, then discussed with the DPRD before being ratified, while its implementation takes place after the APBD is approved, with accountability through semester and annual reports audited by BAWASDA and BPK to ensure transparency and accountability. Basic factors in budgeting include effectiveness, efficiency, and compliance with regulations. There are obstacles such as the incomplete discussion of the Draft Regional Regulation according to the Regional Legislation Program, changes in the number of Draft Regional Regulations that have an impact on activity planning, and low budget absorption due to external factors, such as changes in Central Government policies that complicate the preparation of the APBD. In addition, the lack of government assertiveness in enforcing policies and the suboptimal performance benchmarks complicate budget evaluation, so that improvements to the performance measurement system and better coordination between regional and central governments are needed.

Computerized accounting is a system used to process company transaction data by using computers as a technological medium for application work processes and to produce financial reports for a company. The use and application of computer technology in office activities is a requirement and fairness that is needed, without having to eliminate manual systems. The use of computers will be able to improve employee performance in supporting activities in an agency or company. Financial management within the regional scope is the regional task and authority in organizing regional agencies which includes several sections including budgeting, income, expenditure, and accounting and accountability. The aim of this research is to design a web-based computerized accounting system for regional income and expenditure in Wates Village. And create a computerized accounting system that can assist the process of recording and storing web-based regional income and regional expenditure transaction data which produces regional income and expenditure report information. In creating a computerized system for regional income and expenditure, the software used is Sublime Texet3. Data storage uses MySQL and programming languages ​​use PHP and HTML. The research results show that the computerized accounting system makes it easier for finance employees to record financial transactions. Then financial reports are produced more quickly and data errors can be minimized and more structured data is stored in the database. So this new system really helps agencies in Wates Ngaliyan Village, Semarang, where the application is equipped with a menu for input, processes and reports that process transactions, both income and expenditure.