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Introduction: The Beyond Use Date (BUD) is the expiration date for a drug product after its primary packaging has been opened, mixed, or prepared. The BUD differs from the expiration date printed on the manufacturer's packaging and is not always listed on the drug, so many people still don't fully understand this concept.Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge of Prolanis patients regarding the Beyond Use Date (BUD) at the Purwokerto Utara I Community Health Center before and after being given counseling. Methods: A quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional design was used on 20 Prolanis patient respondents. Primary data collection consisted of questionnaires administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) the lecture-based counseling using flyers. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis. Results: The level of knowledge of Prolanis patients regarding Beyond Use Date before counseling showed that the majority were in the poor category with 16 respondents (80.0%) and the sufficient category with 4 respondents (20.0%). After being given counseling, there was an increase in the good category with 6 respondents (30.0%), but the majority were still in the poor category with 14 respondents (70.0%).Conclusion: The level of knowledge of Prolanis patients regarding Beyond Use Date (BUD) at Purwokerto Utara I Health Center before counseling was mostly in the poor category, and after counseling there was an increase although most were still in the poor category.

Less rigid, easy to rust trapezoidal wave galvalum roof as a problem encountered in industrial buildings, warehouses, commercial facilities, and residential homes. The purpose of making a trapezoidal wave galvalum roof with dimensions of 600x102 cm, height 3 cm, thickness 0.30 mm. The manufacturing method includes: design of a trapezoidal wave galvalum roof with dimensions of 600x102 cm, height 3 cm, thickness 0.30 mm; selection including purchase of Aluminum Zinc coated steel (BJLAS) materials; design and manufacture of roll-forming; formation of a trapezoidal wave profile with dimensions of 600x102 cm, height 3 cm; cutting the trapezoidal wave galvalum roof every 6 m; and inspection of quality-dimensions-standards. The result of the manufacture is a trapezoidal wave galvalum roof with dimensions of 600x102 cm, 3 cm high, 0.30 mm thick with a total manufacturing cost of Rp. 328,000/sheet, and a manufacturing duration of 1.2 minutes/sheet, which means that the trapezoidal wave galvalum roof meets the dimensional specifications of SNI BJLAS G550-SNI 4096:2007 and is suitable for application as a roof covering system on medium-span buildings.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of quality control in the carbonated beverage filling process using an automated filler machine and to identify critical control points that influence product conformity and production efficiency. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed through production line observation, machine monitoring, and quality control documentation review. The study focused on the filling process of carbonated beverages packaged in 330 mL aluminum cans and the associated quality control activities throughout the production line. The findings show that the filling process is the key quality control stage, supported by the automated filler machine, Fill High Detector (FHD), seaming, temperature stabilization, and traceability systems to maintain product conformity. The study was limited to a descriptive evaluation of a single production line and did not include statistical process capability analysis or quantitative measurements of filling variation. Therefore, the findings primarily provide operational insights rather than statistical validation of process performance. The findings may assist beverage manufacturers in improving filling accuracy, strengthening inspection systems, and enhancing production reliability through effective quality control practices. This study provides a comprehensive overview of quality control implementation in an automated carbonated beverage filling system and highlights the integration of filling, inspection, and supporting production processes in maintaining product quality and operational efficiency.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in improving the community’s economy. However, many MSME actors still face difficulties in managing business finances. These problems were also experienced by the Samiler Crackers MSME in Betro Hamlet, Wonosunyo Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, particularly in preparing the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM), determining selling prices, and managing simple financial reports. This community service activity aimed to improve the understanding and skills of MSME actors in financial management. The implementation method used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach through observation, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. The results of the activity showed that MSME actors were able to prepare a more detailed Cost of Goods Manufactured by classifying production costs, understand selling price determination based on raw material costs and product quality, and conduct simple financial recording of cash inflows and cash outflows. In addition, simple financial reports helped MSME actors identify income levels and business conditions. This mentoring activity had a positive impact on improving MSME financial management capabilities and is expected to support the sustainability and development of the Samiler Crackers business in Wonosunyo Village.Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in improving the community’s economy. However, many MSME actors still face difficulties in managing business finances. These problems were also experienced by the Samiler Crackers MSME in Betro Hamlet, Wonosunyo Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, particularly in preparing the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM), determining selling prices, and managing simple financial reports. This community service activity aimed to improve the understanding and skills of MSME actors in financial management. The implementation method used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach through observation, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. The results of the activity showed that MSME actors were able to prepare a more detailed Cost of Goods Manufactured by classifying production costs, understand selling price determination based on raw material costs and product quality, and conduct simple financial recording of cash inflows and cash outflows. In addition, simple financial reports helped MSME actors identify income levels and business conditions. This mentoring activity had a positive impact on improving MSME financial management capabilities and is expected to support the sustainability and development of the Samiler Crackers business in Wonosunyo Village

This Community Service (CS) initiative was executed collaboratively by faculty members from five universities—Universitas Pamulang, Universitas Presiden, Universitas Trisakti, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, and Universitas Borobudur—in Kasomalang Kulon Tourism Village, Subang Regency, West Java, on April 17, 2026. This initiative aimed to instruct village leaders, as prospective catalysts for change in waste management and renewable energy, on the technique for converting plastic trash into pyrolysis-derived alternative fuel and the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) energy harvesting technology. This activity addresses the critical issues of plastic waste pollution and the exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves. Annually, almost 8 million tonnes of plastic waste infiltrate the oceans, yet merely 9% of all plastic ever manufactured is effectively recycled. The collaborative effort encompassed Electrical Engineering, Computer Systems, Petroleum Engineering, Information Systems, Product Design, and Agrotechnology. The instructional techniques employed comprised lectures and conversations. The activity's results indicated that participants acquired a thorough comprehension of pyrolysis mechanisms, the principles of TENG energy conversion, and its possible applications at the village level. Despite the absence of direct implementation, the cadres shown significant motivation to facilitate technology adoption inside their communities. This PKM model demonstrates that interdisciplinary collaboration across universities is effective in providing innovative technological education to rural populations.

Flooding in Aceh has become a recurring phenomenon that cannot be understood solely as a natural disaster but also as a result of human activities within modern society. This study aims to analyze flooding in Aceh through the perspective of Ulrich Beck’s risk society theory, focusing on how modernization, environmental change, and development policies contribute to the production of risk. This research uses a literature review approach by examining scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026 from indexed national and international journals. The analysis was conducted thematically to identify patterns, similarities, and research gaps. The findings show that natural factors such as high rainfall and atmospheric conditions act as primary triggers, while human activities including land-use change, river sedimentation, and ineffective policies significantly intensify flood risks. Flooding is therefore categorized as a manufactured risk produced by modern development processes. In addition, the impacts are not limited to ecological damage but also affect social and psychological conditions of society. These results indicate that floods should be understood not only from a technical perspective but also from a social perspective. The study implies that flood management requires a comprehensive approach integrating environmental sustainability, social awareness, and evidence-based policy to reduce both the impact and sources of risk in a sustainable manner.

The shaft is a crucial component in mechanical systems because it serves to transfer power and rotational motion throughout the machine. This research aims to assess the structural strength and operational performance of shafts used in a tire shredding machine through numerical simulation methods in order to achieve a safe and efficient design. The study involved several stages, including the development of shaft geometry models, the determination of boundary conditions, load application, mesh generation, and stress analysis using the finite element method. Two shaft configurations were examined: a 59 mm diameter shaft made from AISI 1045 steel and a 49 mm diameter shaft manufactured from ASTM A36 steel. The simulation results indicate that the 59 mm shaft experiences a Von Mises stress of 8.9 × 10⁻⁵ MPa, with a maximum displacement of 0 mm and a safety factor of 15. Similarly, the 49 mm shaft shows a Von Mises stress of 8.4 × 10⁻⁵ MPa, no measurable displacement, and a safety factor of 15. These findings confirm that both shaft designs are capable of safely withstanding the applied working loads. In addition, cutting system tests revealed that a 24-tooth blade achieved an efficiency of 26.9%, while a 40-tooth blade reached only 22.3%, indicating that the 24-tooth configuration provides better performance.

. The manufacturer's discontinuation of original spare parts for the 149 cm3 two-stroke cylinder block has had a significant impact, resulting in a shortage of products sought by consumers, creating a market gap for local manufacturers to produce spare parts with equivalent and competitive quality. The production objective is to obtain an ADC12 cast aluminum cylinder block with a diameter of 54.5 mm x a stroke of 59 mm. The production method includes: a series of systematic steps of 3D scanning of the cylinder block for geometric accuracy, making a Resin Sand Casting (RSC) mold whose size has been increased due to the shrinkage percentage ADC12-Machining-Pattern removal slope, making a core for the hollow part from RSC material, a melting process using an LPG furnace in parallel stages using 2 RSC molds, natural cooling for about 60 minutes, cutting the casting bowl channel and cutting the riser, T6 heat treatment, and quality and dimensional inspection. The production results are in the form of an ADC12 cast aluminum cylinder block with a diameter of 54.5 mm x stroke of 59 mm, the tensile strength after heat treatment is around 300 MPa, the total production cost is IDR 375,000/unit, and the process duration is 30 minutes/unit which implies that the need for a cylinder block volume of 149 cm3 for two-stroke motorcycles (takt) can be met, so that this type of motorcycle can be used again.

The unavailability of intake and exhaust valves for 500 cm³ diesel engines manufactured in the 1980s has created difficulties in maintaining and operating agricultural tractors. This study aimed to manufacture replacement intake and exhaust valves using SUH 35 austenitic steel according to the original engine specifications. The production process included design preparation, material selection, raw material measurement, forging, machining, heat treatment, quality inspection, and packaging. SUH 35 steel rods measuring 12 mm in diameter and 105 mm in length were used as the raw material. Forging was performed to form the valve heads, producing exhaust valves with a diameter of 30 mm and thickness of 2 mm, and intake valves with a diameter of 35 mm and thickness of 2.5 mm. After machining, the final dimensions of the exhaust valve were 29.5 mm head diameter, 2 mm thickness, 105 mm length, and 7 mm stem diameter, while the intake valve measured 33.5 mm head diameter, 2.5 mm thickness, 105 mm length, and 7 mm stem diameter. Hardening treatment produced a hardness value of 40 HRC. The manufactured valves met the required dimensional and mechanical specifications. The production cost was IDR 100,000 per unit, with a processing time of approximately 60 minutes per unit. The results demonstrate that replacement valves for 500 cm³ diesel engines can be successfully reproduced, enabling the continued operation and maintenance of older tractor engines.

The R05 Community Service Program (KKN), Subgroup 1 in Kalikatir Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency, aims to implement hydram pump technology as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient irrigation solution. This technology is designed to meet the water needs of 100 hectares of banana plantations, especially during the dry season. The implementation method includes initial surveys, design, manufacture, installation, and testing of the hydram pump, involving the participation of Kalikatir villagers. The results show that the pump is capable of lifting water to a height of 30 meters with 70% efficiency, although it has not yet reached the daily target. This technology has been proven to reduce operational costs and increase agricultural productivity. It is hoped that in the future, this technology can be further developed to improve its efficiency and sustainability.

This research investigates thermal material properties and performance characteristics for high-speed vessel components subjected to extreme thermal stress during sustained high-speed operations. High-speed vessels including patrol boats, fast ferries, and naval craft experience elevated thermal loads from high-power density propulsion systems, aerodynamic heating, and sustained operational intensities creating demanding conditions for structural and mechanical components. Through qualitative analysis involving naval architects, materials engineers, high-speed vessel operators, and component manufacturers, this study examines how material thermal properties affect component durability, performance, and safety while identifying optimal material selections for critical applications. Results demonstrate that advanced thermal materials including high-temperature aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, ceramic composites, and thermal barrier coatings can extend component service life by 40-70%, improve thermal management effectiveness by 25-45%, and enhance operational reliability compared to conventional materials. Key implementation challenges include material cost premiums of 150-300%, manufacturing complexity, limited operating experience, qualification testing requirements, and supply chain constraints. Findings reveal that strategic thermal material selection for critical components represents essential enabling technology for high-speed vessel performance, reliability, and operational availability supporting defense, commercial, and emergency response applications requiring sustained high-speed capabilities. This research contributes to marine materials engineering literature by providing evidence-based frameworks for thermal material selection applicable to diverse high-speed vessel applications.

This research investigates intelligent cooling system design for main ship engines operating in tropical waters, integrating advanced machinery engineering with human factors to address thermal management challenges affecting engine performance, reliability, and crew operational effectiveness. Tropical maritime environments impose severe cooling demands through elevated seawater temperatures (28-32°C), high ambient conditions (28-35°C), and accelerated biofouling, reducing conventional cooling system effectiveness by 15-25% while increasing maintenance burdens and operational risks. Through qualitative analysis involving marine engineers, chief engineers with tropical operational experience, cooling system manufacturers, naval architects, automation specialists, and maritime training institutions, this study examines how intelligent cooling systems incorporating variable-speed pumps, adaptive control algorithms, predictive maintenance, and crew-centered interfaces can optimize thermal management while supporting effective human-machine collaboration. Results demonstrate that intelligent systems can reduce cooling energy consumption by 20-35%, improve temperature stability by 50-65%, extend maintenance intervals by 40-80%, and enhance crew situational awareness through intuitive monitoring interfaces, while requiring comprehensive training programs developing technical understanding and operational competencies. Key implementation challenges include control system complexity, sensor reliability in harsh marine environments, integration with existing engine management platforms, crew competency development requirements, and lifecycle cost justification. Findings reveal that successful intelligent cooling system implementation requires holistic sociotechnical approach addressing machinery engineering optimization, automation technology deployment, and human capability development through coordinated design and training strategies. This research contributes to marine engineering literature by providing integrated frameworks for intelligent system design incorporating machinery performance, automation capabilities, and human factors supporting operational excellence in tropical maritime operations.

Background: The prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women in West Papua remains very high, reaching 40.7%. The provision of manufactured supplementary food (PMT) in the form of biscuits often faces challenges due to low compliance caused by monotonous taste and nausea-triggering flavors. Sweet potato (Petatas) is a potential local food source with an energy content of 123 kcal/100g that could serve as an alternative PMT. Objective: To analyze the acceptability (taste, color, aroma, and texture) of sweet potato-based PMT products among pregnant women with CED. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from September to October 2025 at the Ransiki Health Center. The sample consisted of 22 pregnant women with CED. The research instrument used a 5-point hedonic scale questionnaire. Results: Respondent characteristics were dominated by the ideal age range of 20-35 years (81.8%) and low family income (63.6%). The acceptability test results showed high overall acceptance with an average score of 4.23 (Highly Liked). The color attribute obtained the highest score (4.27), followed by taste (4.18), texture (4.18), and aroma (4.14). Conclusion: Sweet potato-based PMT products have excellent acceptability and significant potential to be integrated into local nutritional intervention programs for pregnant women with CED.

The problem lies in the load lock from the wheel arm, the BLDC motor whose distance cannot be adjusted, and the flywheel whose movement is less smooth than the original design. The purpose of refining the design is to obtain smooth movement and the position of the load lock from the wheel arm, the BLDC motor that can be adjusted to be ergonomic and optimal. The method of refining the design and manufacture of the rear shock breaker spring type electric bicycle through the stages of working load analysis, the need for the distance of the load setting position and the BLDC motor, calculating the construction strength, manufacturing components, assembling components, and evaluating the results of the shock breaker manufacture. The results of refining the design and manufacture of the rear shock breaker spring type electric bicycle show that the movement of the load lock position from the wheel arm and the BLDC motor is smooth, the flywheel must be balanced, the dimensions of the shock breaker device are 120 cm long, 49.5 cm wide, 155 cm high, 120 rpm rotation speed, 2 cm shock breaker movement distance, and 1.5 cm sideways movement deviation which implies being able to provide adequate damping for electric bicycle riders well.

The rapid expansion of the construction sector in Maumere has significantly escalated the demand for essential building materials, particularly concrete blocks. This surge has intensified market competition among local manufacturers. For a producer such as PT Rajawali Sakti, ensuring the quality of its construction materials and leveraging Word-of-Mouth (WOM) are critical strategies to influence consumer procurement decisions. This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality and WOM on the purchasing decisions of consumers of PT Rajawali Sakti’s concrete blocks in Maumere. Employing a quantitative method with a descriptive associative approach, this research collected data from 100 respondents via a Likert-scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the statistical relationships between the variables. The results indicate that product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The model’s R-squared value of  reveals that the combined contribution of product quality and WOM to purchasing decisions is while the remaining is influenced by external factors beyond the scope of this study. These findings provide critical managerial insights for PT Rajawali Sakti and similar construction material manufacturers, serving as an empirical basis for strategic evaluations aimed at enhancing material quality and optimizing WOM communication to improve market competitiveness and consumer adoption.

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

Women's empowerment at the village level is a strategic step in strengthening household economics, especially in transitional areas such as Sunggu Manai Village, Pattallassang District. The main problems faced by partners are low productive skills and a lack of financial literacy, leading to economic dependence and vulnerability to illegal lending schemes. This community service activity aims to increase women's economic capacity through technical skills training and financial management. The method used is Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) with stages of socialization, hardskill training (making processed products), and financial literacy workshops (cash management and investment awareness education). The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge by 45% based on pre-test and post-test scores. Furthermore, participants were able to manufacture products with marketable packaging standards and gained a new understanding regarding the separation of business cash from domestic cash. The conclusion of this activity is that the integration of practical skills and financial intelligence can encourage women's economic independence and create more sustainable family financial resilience.

Women's empowerment at the village level is a strategic step in strengthening household economics, especially in transitional areas such as Sunggu Manai Village, Pattallassang District. The main problems faced by partners are low productive skills and a lack of financial literacy, leading to economic dependence and vulnerability to illegal lending schemes. This community service activity aims to increase women's economic capacity through technical skills training and financial management. The method used is Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) with stages of socialization, hardskill training (making processed products), and financial literacy workshops (cash management and investment awareness education). The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge by 45% based on pre-test and post-test scores. Furthermore, participants were able to manufacture products with marketable packaging standards and gained a new understanding regarding the separation of business cash from domestic cash. The conclusion of this activity is that the integration of practical skills and financial intelligence can encourage women's economic independence and create more sustainable family financial resilience.

Financial statements have an important role in facilitating all forms of economic activity in the private, public, and non-profit sectors. However, in reality, many companies commit financial statement fraud, causing losses to users. With the increasing attention to financial statement fraud, board diversity has become an important aspect in improving corporate financial reporting monitoring and reducing the possibility of fraud. However, previous studies on the effect of this factor on financial statement fraud still show mixed findings, particularly in the food and beverage manufacturing sub-sector in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of board diversity on financial statement fraud in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021–2023. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from companies' annual reports and financial statements. Board diversity in this study includes board gender diversity, board age diversity, and board education diversity, all of which are measured using dummy variables. Financial statement fraud is measured using the Beneish m-score. Data analysis is performed using multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares approach. The results show that board age diversity has a significant negative effect on financial statement fraud. These findings indicate that board diversity is one of the factors that can reduce the likelihood of financial statement fraud.