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In this study, advocates are guaranteed legal protection to implement the right to defence in criminal cases.   to learn how criminal advocates are protected if they enforce the law.   The privilege of immunity shields advocates from civil or criminal litigation for good faith work inside and outside the court.   This study uses normative juridical research, which examines current laws and regulations.   Analysis of relevant legislation is needed for this research.   According to the study, Article 16 of Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates does not adequately describe advocates' immunity rights.   Lack of clear explanations of protection types, rights constraints, and good faith between advocates and other parties may lead to power abuses.   More extensive norms that are in keeping with other articles of the law are needed to apply advocates' immunity rights proportionately, guaranteeing freedom in performing their profession while maintaining society's and justice's legal interests.

The steady increase in divorce cases in Indonesia suggests that many couples begin married life without adequate emotional, financial, or intellectual readiness. In response, the government encourages premarital education as a preventive initiative designed to equip future spouses with the skills needed to manage potential domestic difficulties. Viewed through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, this initiative supports the essential goals of Islamic law, namely the promotion of well-being at the personal, family, community, and national levels. This study argues that premarital education reflects the core principles of Islamic legal ethics and functions as a normative expression of the sharī‘ah. Using a normative-theoretical legal framework combined with a maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah analysis, the research engages Qur’anic and Hadith texts, classical and modern fiqh discussions, uṣūl al-fiqh, Indonesian regulatory provisions on premarital counseling, and scholarly works on Islamic Family Law. The results show that major triggers of marital breakdown emotional instability, financial pressure, recurring disputes, and limited understanding of marital responsibilities can be reduced through structured premarital education. These programs strengthen spiritual awareness, emotional resilience, communication skills, conflict-resolution abilities, and economic management. Consequently, premarital education becomes a strategic mechanism for nurturing harmonious households and reinforcing the framework of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia, positioning it as a sharī‘ah oriented tool vital for contemporary social welfare.  

The determination of a minimum marriage age is a central issue in Indonesian family law and Islamic legal discourse, particularly regarding the prevention of health, social, and psychological risks associated with child marriage. This study analyzes the alignment between the legal requirement of a minimum age of 19, as stipulated in Law No. 16 of 2019 and Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017, and the framework of maqāṣid sharī‘ah, especially the hierarchical structure of dharuriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt. Employing a normative juridical method supported by extensive literature review, this research examines statutory regulations, classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources, works on maqāṣid, and empirical data from national and international institutions. The findings demonstrate that the minimum age of 19 substantively accords with maqāṣid sharī‘ah: at the dharuriyyāt level, it safeguards life, intellect, and lineage from medical, psychological, and social harm; at the ḥājiyyāt level, it prevents economic hardship, emotional instability, and the inability of young couples to assume household roles; and at the taḥsīniyyāt level, it preserves human dignity, ethical conduct, and the sanctity of marriage. Consequently, the regulation is not a departure from classical Islamic jurisprudence but rather an implementation of public interest (maṣlaḥah) adapted to contemporary societal realities. This study affirms that integrating maqasid-based reasoning into public policy strengthens the protection of families and future generations in Indonesia.

This community service program addresses the growing ethical challenges of design practices in social media, particularly among children and adolescents. Social media platforms are not merely communication tools but persuasive digital products that influence behavior, emotions, and information consumption. This program aimed to enhance ethical design literacy among members of the Children’s forum in Tangerang Regency through an interactive workshop combining theoretical education, case studies, and practical design exercises. The methodology involved participatory training sessions, including lectures on design ethics, identification of dark patterns, privacy-by-design practices, and hands-on content creation using social media platforms. The results indicate increased participant awareness of ethical principles such as transparency, visual honesty, respect for copyright, and privacy protection. Participants demonstrated improved ability to identify unethical design elements and to produce simple yet responsible visual content. The program contributes to strengthening digital ethics awareness among young social media users and highlights the importance of collaborative, community-based approaches in fostering responsible digital culture.

This study aims to explore the shift in students' ethical paradigms regarding the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its relationship to the phenomenon of plagiarism. Using a qualitative approach with the theoretical frameworks of Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Pierre Bourdieu's Habitus, this study examines how AI technology is changing the nature of scientific work. The results show the normalization of AI use as a new "digital habitus," where 83% of students consider AI a legitimate research tool, but on the other hand, it creates a condition of "Aesthetics Without Substance." The main findings reveal a reduction in originality where academic honesty is only measured through technical scores (such as Turnitin), rather than intellectual depth. The comparison between authentic and AI-based writing indicates the risk of systemic intellectual atrophy. In conclusion, this study recommends the need for a redesign of educational evaluation systems that focus on processes and verbal dialectics to mitigate the impact of pseudo-competence on college graduates.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Sidoarjo Regent Regulation Number 69 of 2017 concerning the Civil Servant Code of Ethics in the Family Planning Sector at the Sidoarjo Regency Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, and Family Planning Office. A qualitative approach with a case study was used to explore the implementation of the policy through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was conducted using William Dunn's six policy evaluation indicators, namely effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The results show that the policy has provided clear behavioral guidelines and is applied evenly in the work environment. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of implementation are not optimal due to disciplinary violations, weak supervision, and unstructured communication between superiors. The aspects of adequacy and accuracy are considered relevant to the needs of the organization, but have not been able to fully overcome obstacles such as high workloads and low internalization of ethical values ​​among employees. In general, this policy contributes to shaping the professionalism of civil servants, but still requires strengthening through continuous supervision and more systematic coaching. The originality of the study lies in the use of Dunn's evaluation model in the context of the implementation of the civil servant code of ethics at the regional level, as well as identifying gaps between normative policies and field practices. These findings confirm that the success of a code of ethics depends heavily on organizational communication, work culture, and consistency of oversight.

The purpose of this study is to analyze digital transformation in notary services, namely the validity of electronic deeds and the responsibilities of notaries in the era of e-government. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach based on an analysis of relevant regulations, scientific literature, and other legal sources. Data was obtained through literature study and analyzed qualitatively and descriptively to assess the legal certainty and responsibility of notaries in preparing electronic deeds in the era of digital transformation in notarial practice. The results show that digital transformation in the notary field is an impact of information technology developments and e-government policies that change the notary's work processes, including administration, deed preparation, identity verification, and document storage. However, digitization must still comply with the principles of authenticity, legality, data security, and legal certainty in accordance with the characteristics of the notary's position as a public official. This study also found that the implementation of cyber notary in Indonesia still faces normative, technical, and ethical obstacles, such as the absence of comprehensive regulations, limited digital infrastructure, and the risk of identity abuse. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, capacity building for notaries, technology standardization, and effective supervision are needed so that the digitization of notary services can be implemented safely while maintaining the integrity of the profession.

This study aims to analyze the organizational structure, main tasks and functions, and challenges faced by the Legal Section in carrying out its role as a center for local government legal services. The research method used a qualitative approach through interviews with the Head of the Legal Section, direct observation in the work environment, and literature studies of various related documents and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the organizational structure of the Legal Section consists of functional positions, implementing officers, and temporary employees, each of which has a crucial role in supporting the legal product drafting process. However, the effectiveness of organizational performance still faces obstacles, particularly related to employee discipline, work ethic, and efforts to build a culture of bureaucratic integrity. The Head of the Legal Section emphasized that the quality of human resources is a key factor in determining the success of the process of harmonization of regulations and legal services. Thus, a sustainable apparatus development strategy and strengthening of the work system are needed so that the Legal Section can carry out its functions optimally in supporting the implementation of the Palangka Raya City government.

This study aims to examine the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Immigration Document Section of Ngurah Rai Immigration Office, focusing on digital transformation through the M-Paspor application to realise a dynamic immigration management system. The research employed qualitative analysis to evaluate service efficiency, transparency, accountability, and staff capacity in the context of digital innovation aligned with Dynamic Governance principles. The findings reveal that digitalisation has significantly enhanced service efficiency through automated procedures, reduced physical queues, and improved transparency, whilst facilitating a shift from manual tasks to core verification and problem-solving activities, though challenges persist regarding human resources capacity and organisational culture, as staff exhibit rule-bound mindsets and defensive communication styles when addressing service delays, thereby undermining public trust and satisfaction. The study concludes that technology alone is insufficient to achieve truly responsive and citizen-centric services, as institutional culture and personnel mindset require continuous strengthening through soft skills training, ethical enforcement, and cultivation of service-oriented, empathetic work culture. Holistic reform approaches that combine technological innovation with human resource development and cultural change are essential for building effective, adaptive, and transparent immigration management systems. The integration of digital systems complemented by professional human resources can foster seamless, efficient, and trustworthy immigration services aligned with good governance principles, whilst sustainable improvements depend on balancing technological advances with organisational culture development and staff professionalism.

The copyright infringement of public appearances at Mie Gacoan Bali Outlet reflects the weak legal awareness of the use of copyrighted works for commercial purposes without permission. The act of playing songs without paying royalties has legal consequences for the company, in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. This research aims to analyze the qualifications of violations that ensnare the company's directors and the form of dispute resolution applied. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and related case studies through qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the royalty payment obligation of Rp2,264,520,000.00 is calculated based on the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number HKI.2.OT.03.01-02 of 2016, with a rate of Rp120,000 per seat per year. Disputes are resolved through a royalty payment mechanism as a form of fulfillment of the economic rights of the creator. This study concludes that strengthening legal understanding, optimizing the implementation of regulations, and improving education and socialization are the keys to creating compliance with copyright protection and encouraging the realization of a fair, ethical, and sustainable music industry ecosystem in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the complex phenomena that occur within modern organizations, where the dynamics of power, influence, and empowerment often determine work behavior and leadership effectiveness. In many organizations, poorly managed internal politics can lead to conflict, injustice, and decreased work motivation, whereas empowerment and ethical leadership can foster a highly competitive and collaborative culture. Based on this reality, the study aims to deeply analyze how the concepts of influencing, empowering, and organizational politics interact and affect the dynamics of work behavior, as well as to identify leadership strategies capable of managing organizational politics positively while creating an effective empowerment system for all members. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data obtained through a literature review of various academic sources, scholarly journals, and previous relevant studies. The results show that organizational success largely depends on a leader's ability to balance power and participation, control and freedom, as well as individual and collective interests. The application of leadership strategies grounded in ethics, transparency, and empowerment has been proven to transform organizational politics into a positive force that enhances performance, loyalty, and trust among members. Thus, the integration of influence, empowerment, and organizational politics not only strengthens leadership effectiveness but also creates a productive, fair, and sustainable work environment.

The current global environmental crisis is not only caused by technical and economic factors, but also reflects a spiritual and ethical crisis in the modern human view of nature. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a contemporary Islamic philosopher and thinker, offers an environmental ethics approach based on Islamic spirituality that emphasizes the sanctity of nature and the relationship between humans and God as the center of ecological morality. This study aims to examine in depth the concept of environmental ethics according to Nasr, as well as its relevance in responding to contemporary ecological challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study of Nasr's works, this study found that Nasr's concept of environmental ethics is based on the principles of monotheism, trust, and the ontological relationship between humans and the universe. Nasr criticized the Western secular and anthropocentric paradigm that objectifies nature and called for the restoration of the sacred relationship between humans and the environment as the basis for sustainable ecological ethics. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of holistic and spiritual environmental ethics in global and local contexts.

This study examines the interplay between administrative ethics and bureaucratic decision-making within the governance landscape of Pulang Pisau Regency through a structured literature analysis. Anchored in the theoretical frameworks of Administrative Ethics Theory, Bureaucratic Decision-Making Theory, and Good Governance, this research synthesizes classical and contemporary scholarly works to identify the determinants, challenges, and institutional dynamics that influence ethical decision processes in local bureaucracy. The method employs a qualitative narrative literature review, involving systematic identification, screening, quality assessment, and thematic extraction of relevant academic sources published in the last two decades. Findings indicate that ethical norms, integrity, organizational culture, leadership morality, and institutional control mechanisms significantly shape the rationality, consistency, and legitimacy of bureaucratic decisions. Furthermore, the literature reveals that external pressures, conflict of interest, inadequate regulatory enforcement, and limited administrative capacity remain persistent barriers to the implementation of ethical governance in regional administrations. The study also highlights the essential role of participatory governance, digitalization, and internal accountability frameworks in strengthening ethical consistency across bureaucratic processes. These insights position administrative ethics as a crucial foundation for promoting transparency, fairness, and public trust in local government institutions. The paper concludes that strengthening administrative ethics requires integrated institutional reforms, long-term commitment, and the internalization of ethical values at both organizational and individual levels. The implications of this research extend to policy formulation, bureaucratic capacity-building, and future empirical studies on ethical governance in decentralized contexts.

This paper aims to explore the legal basis and ethical reasoning for the revocation of parental rights due to domestic violence by placing the child's best interests as a compass and mapping the gap between norms and judicial practices. The method used is normative-doctrinal legal research based on a literature review of the Domestic Violence Law, the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, selected jurisprudence, and scientific literature, analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation, argument construction, and linking to the facts of the impact of domestic violence on children. The results show that positive law provides a firm basis for sanctions and protections including restrictions on interaction and revocation of custody rights, but implementation is often hampered by vague evidence of psychological violence, the victim's economic dependence, and weak execution of alimony; revocation effectively breaks the cycle when accompanied by a protection order, a post-decision parenting plan, and ongoing psychosocial support. Policy implications include guidelines for proving coercive control, expanding access to timely protection orders, integrating trauma-informed services in religious courts, and a mechanism for executing alimony that does not burden victims, with schools, community health centers, and communities as early detection nodes. Ultimately, legal work and social networks converge in one simple goal: that home again means a safe place for children to return.

Criminal law based on genetic determinism was once rejected in modern criminal law systems because it was deemed contrary to the principle of individual responsibility. However, the rise of epigenetics and neurocriminology in contemporary legal practice indicates a reconstitution of the biological basis for attribution of criminal culpability. This study aims to analyze the extent to which developments in epigenetics reopen opportunities for the operation of biological approaches in criminal law, while also critiquing the conceptual dangers they pose to the principles of justice and moral responsibility. The research method uses a normative legal approach with a conceptual approach. The results show that epigenetics works as a tool for scientific validation of the formation of risk categories in criminal law, while simultaneously weakening the perpetrator's position as a moral subject. The criminal law structure that technocratically accepts biological arguments creates a new form of legal exclusion through medical classifications that are not open to ethical evaluation. In this situation, the law operates as an instrument of biological management of bodies deemed deviant. The position of neurocriminology in this case is no longer merely a tool, but rather the center of the configuration of biolegal power that defines responsibility based on predisposition, not will. Therefore, a new normative framework is needed that can uphold the principle of individual responsibility while rejecting the ethical reduction of biological diagnoses in the criminal law system.

The process of managing, creating, or organizing something in the best way to achieve the best or ideal results is called optimization. Optimization aims to maximize or minimize certain values ​​to produce effective, successful results consistent with desired goals. You can communicate and interact with people you've never met in person using social media sites like Facebook. Online friendships can even be formed. Social media platforms like Facebook. Social media should be used with caution because almost everyone uses it. Facebook can be used for entertainment, education, promotion, and information sharing, all of which can be beneficial if done correctly. Everyone who uses Facebook should be aware of communication ethics, maintain their privacy, and refrain from sharing offensive content to maintain the security and usability of the platform. The implementation involves socialization methods and question-and-answer sessions with mothers at a social gathering. April 15, 2025. This activity took place at a resident's home. In addition to providing optimization training, the activity also aimed to improve communication between the village head and residents through the active involvement of participants. The goal was also to create a positive discussion atmosphere to improve community well-being and foster a stronger sense of togetherness and trust for future village growth. This will allow for identification of existing communication barriers and collaborative work to find solutions.

Plagiarism in scientific writing is a serious violation that not only harms the original creator but also undermines academic integrity, the development of scientific knowledge, and the credibility of educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the regulation of plagiarism acts based on the laws and regulations in Indonesia, as well as to build a firmer criminal law construction against acts of plagiarism within academic settings. This study employs a normative juridical method with a doctrinal approach, examining relevant laws and legal theories. The findings indicate that although plagiarism has been regulated in several legal instruments such as the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 17 of 2010, the existing regulations tend to be administrative in nature and have not provided a sufficient deterrent effect. Therefore, a more comprehensive and implementable criminal law construction is needed to ensure the protection of scientific works and legal certainty in the enforcement of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of plagiarism. In addition, preventive efforts through academic ethics education, the implementation of plagiarism detection systems, and the strengthening of internal policies within universities are also important steps that must be optimized.

Happiness is the ultimate goal of every human aspiration. To achieve it to the fullest, humans strive to utilize all their potential. However, in practice, conflicts often arise between personal interests and the interests of others. The desire to realize all dreams becomes problematic when carried out without regard for moral values, especially in a household life built through the sacred bond of marriage. Many married couples fail to create domestic happiness due to uncontrolled ambition. This ambition, when not balanced with ethics and morals, has the potential to cause domestic conflict that results in the neglect of children's education in the family. A current widespread phenomenon shows that married couples spend more time outside the home for work reasons. This opens up opportunities for promiscuity in public spaces and reduces attention to family. If this phenomenon continues, serious problems in the family will become increasingly apparent. The rights and obligations of husband and wife are neglected, affection for children is diminished, and ultimately children feel more comfortable seeking environments outside the home. This condition becomes the entry point for negative speculation from society about married couples who are considered negligent in their household obligations. This research is expected to provide a significant contribution to understanding how families should function optimally. By placing religion as a foundation and making ethics and morals the foundation of social interactions, families can return to their true nature as the birthplace of quality generations with character, ethics, and spiritual values.  

This study aims to examine creative strategies for fiction writing involving collaboration between humans and AI (ChatGPT) in the Kompasiana blogger community in Semarang. Using a qualitative approach, this study collected data through in-depth interviews with four informants active in AI-assisted fiction writing. The interviews revealed a shift in the role of AI, where AI no longer functions solely as a technical tool but rather as an imaginative partner collaborating with writers in the creative process. During the writing process, writers negotiated with AI regarding style and story structure, and reflected deeply on their creative process. They also faced ethical dilemmas, particularly regarding the originality and authenticity of their work, arising from the use of AI technology. While AI writers provided new ideas and inspiration, they also demanded further considerations regarding copyright and author credibility. These findings were analyzed using the theories of Extended Mind, Distributed Cognition, and Reflective Practice to understand the dynamics of human-machine interaction in a creative context. This study proposes a dialectical and symbiotic model of creative interaction, in which writers and AI influence each other in producing fictional works. This model emphasizes that AI-assisted fiction writing is not just about efficiency in producing work, but also a process of redefining creative agency. This research demonstrates how human-machine collaboration in digital literacy can change our perspective on creative roles and ethics in the world of writing. Furthermore, this research explores the impact of AI use on the learning process of writers within the blogging community. AI, in this case ChatGPT, not only contributes to the final product but also plays a role in broadening the writer's insight into writing techniques, idea exploration, and character development.

The code of ethics is an essential instrument in maintaining professionalism, integrity, and accountability within an institution, including the Indonesian National Police (Polri). As part of the effort to enforce ethical standards within the police force, the Police Code of Ethics Commission (KKEP) plays a role in ensuring that each police officer performs their duties in accordance with applicable legal and moral norms. The role of the KKEP becomes highly relevant in the context of good governance, where the principles of transparency, accountability, and the supremacy of law must be the primary foundations of government administration, including within the police system. This study conducts a normative juridical analysis of the role of the Police Code of Ethics Commission in realizing good governance within Polri. A normative juridical approach is used to examine the legal aspects regulating the authority and working mechanisms of the KKEP, by reviewing various regulations, such as the Chief of Police Regulation on the Police Profession Code of Ethics, as well as other legal documents. Additionally, this research also refers to the concept of good governance developed in the study of administrative law and public policy. Through this research method, the study will discuss how the structure and authority of the KKEP are designed to uphold police ethics, as well as how the implementation of the code of ethics can contribute to increasing public trust in the police institution. Therefore, this study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the position and strategic role of the KKEP in ensuring the professionalism and integrity of Polri members in supporting the principles of good governance in Indonesia.