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In today’s era, we are very familiar with operating systems that function to manage the work of hardware and software so they can be used properly. One of the most widely used operating systems is Windows, because it has an easy-to-understand interface and is capable of running multiple applications simultaneously. To support this, Windows requires a process management mechanism, namely a way for the system to organize running programs so they do not interfere with each other and remain stable. In process management, there is an important component called the Process Control Block (PCB). The PCB can be likened to an identity card or a complete record of a process, as it contains information such as the process ID, status, CPU usage, memory, and files being used. This study aims to analyze the role of the process control block, focusing on how the Process Control Block stores important information regarding the status and activity of each process, ensuring smooth, efficient, and non-conflicting application execution. In this research, experiments were conducted to measure CPU usage, memory, and execution time by various processes with different priorities to observe the information of running processes. The analysis results show that each application has its own Process ID and PCB, which records status, CPU registers, memory allocation, and I/O resources used. The PCB enables multiple applications to perform multitasking effectively.

The limitation of physical memory (RAM) is a primary constraint hindering optimal performance in modern operating systems, especially when running large applications or performing intensive multitasking, often resulting in crashes and high latency. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of Virtual Memory (VM) implementation as a solution to this RAM constraint on the Windows 10 operating system, focusing on VM’s impact on CPU performance, GPU performance, and multitasking response. The methodology employed is a controlled experiment using industry-standard benchmarks: Cinebench R20 (CPU), Unigine Heaven (GPU), and response time measurements in intensive multitasking scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that VM activation improves CPU/GPU performance by up to 5% and accelerates multitasking response time by up to 15%, confirming VM's effectiveness in mitigating memory bottlenecks. Nevertheless, this study also identifies potential performance overhead stemming from excessive paging and swapping processes, which trigger the phenomenon of Thrashing. Therefore, the research recommends a dual optimization strategy to achieve maximum and stable performance: software optimization via the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm to suppress page faults, supported by hardware optimization including the use of an SSD for the swap file and increased RAM capacity.

Exploitation is an activity carried out to gain benefits by harming others arbitrarily without responsibility. Exploitation is a threat in the field of Cyber Security that not only poses risks but also jeopardizes an individual's security and privacy. According to data from the Institute of Internal Auditors, financial losses due to cybercrime exploitation worldwide reached 8 trillion US dollars in 2023. In Cyber Security, one exploitation technique involves using Remote Access methods to take over access rights and enable remote system control. Based on this issue, the author conducts research on Remote Access using three different target models based on the Windows operating system. These three targets will demonstrate how vulnerabilities in an operating system can be exploited to gain Remote Access. The method for testing Remote Access involves identifying the vulnerabilities available in the target system. The study employs three techniques: exploiting the ms17-010 vulnerability, utilizing the SmbGhost vulnerability, and using a backdoor. The results show that all three approaches successfully penetrated the target system and made modifications.

Attacks on Windows can be carried out in various ways, one of which is exploiting SMBv1 vulnerabilities and phishing. Exploitation is an attack technique that takes advantage of system weaknesses. Windows 10 itself has vulnerabilities that can be exploited for hacking, which may include data theft, user data deletion, credential theft, and even damaging the Windows 10 system itself. A possible solution is to conduct penetration testing on the Windows 10 operating system. The testing is carried out based on the Cyber Kill Chain model, utilizing appropriate tools and following the stages outlined in the model. The test results indicate that Windows 10 vulnerabilities can be exploited, particularly through direct system attacks via SMBv1 with CVE-2017, codenamed EternalBlue, and phishing techniques that allow attackers to gain administrator privileges directly or inject malware into the target Windows 10 system.

Assembling a personal computer and installing the Windows operating system are important activities in mastering information technology. This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the computer assembly process and operating system installation. The methods used include a Research and Development (R&D) approach, hands-on practice, and question-and-answer sessions. The research results show that systematic assembly steps and proper installation can produce a well-functioning computer. In addition, initial testing after assembly is crucial to ensure that all devices are detected correctly. It is hoped that this research can serve as a reference for information technology education and enhance students' practical skills in the field of computers.

Personnel Leave Application Information System Application: The Personnel Leave Information System at the Batu Bara Regency Regional General Hospital is an application built for the web-based leave application process. This research was conducted on the Staff Leave Information System at the Regional General Hospital of Batu Bara Regency using research methods, namely the Observation method, Library Research, Field Research, needs analysis, system design, and system implementation. Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, Data Flow Diagram ( DFD), Sequence Diagram, Class Diagram. This application was built using software, namely the PHP programming language, HTML, CodeIgniter, Composer database used by MySQL. The application built operates on the Windows Operating System. The WEB-based Application for the Information System for Applying for Employee Leave at the Batu Bara Regency Regional General Hospital has helped the Batu Bara Regency Regional General Hospital in registering and informing employee leave applications quickly and accurately, and can also provide information to employees to find out whether the leave process has been approved or not. approved.  

The structure of the Windows operating system plays an important role in supporting the operational performance of computers, especially in business environments and professional users. This system is designed with a modular and layered architecture, which includes various components such as Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), I/O device manager, virtual memory management, and an integrated security system. Windows also supports energy management and plug-and-play mechanisms, which improve power efficiency and hardware compatibility. This architectural approach allows Windows to optimize interactions between hardware and applications, supports multitasking, and provides an efficient user interface. Thus, the structure of the Windows operating system is able to significantly improve device performance, which leads to optimization of operational performance.

This research compares the techniques used in the file system structures of Windows and Linux. Each operating system employs distinct approaches to data organization, access, and management, as reflected in their respective file systems: NTFS for Windows and ext4 for Linux. The study explores the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of these systems under various conditions. By analyzing both theoretical documentation and empirical experiments, this research highlights the technical and philosophical aspects influencing the design and performance of file systems in Windows and Linux. The findings provide insights for selecting an appropriate file system based on specific requirements, emphasizing performance, reliability, and usability.

Authentication security is an important aspect of the operating system. This research evaluates the security of user authentication on Windows and Linux operating systems by analyzing various methods such as the use of passwords and two-factor authentication. This study compares effectiveness, flexibility, and stability to provide insight into their advantages and vulnerabilities. The literature review method is used by utilizing secondary data from relevant sources. The research results show that Linux offers superior security due to its open-source nature and strong permission-based model, while Windows excels in ease of use and integrated features such as Active Directory. These results aim to provide information to users and organizations in choosing an operating system that suits their needs.

This research compares memory management between Windows 10 and Linux Ubuntu operating systems, focusing on the issues of memory fragmentation and memory leaks. Windows 10 applies paging and segmentation methods, which provide a high degree of flexibility, but on the other hand carry considerable system overhead. On the other hand, Linux Ubuntu uses the Buddies system which is more efficient in dealing with fragmentation issues. In handling memory leaks, Windows 10 relies on Garbage Collection, while Linux Ubuntu utilizes the Permchecker tool. This research provides knowledge related to the differences between Windows 10 and Linux Ubuntu operating systems in the context of handling memory management problems, especially on memory fragmentation and memory leak problems.

The debugging process is a critical step in software development, especially for the Windows operating system, which offers various tools and techniques to address software issues. This study explores debugging strategies such as logging, memory analysis, real-time debugging, reverse engineering, and compilation-based techniques to identify and resolve problems such as memory leaks and unresponsive applications. Results indicate that selecting the right debugging method depends on the type and complexity of the problem, with a combination of methods often yielding the best outcomes. This study provides practical guidance for Windows users to enhance debugging effectiveness in resolving system and application issues.

As a popular platform, Windows faces increasingly complex and diverse malware threats. This research evaluates Windows security weaknesses and finds effective methods of mitigating malware attacks. To ensure the validity of the results, the analysis was conducted through literature review, protection method evaluation, and data triangulation. The results show that layered protection methods, which include implementing firewalls, antivirus, and regular system updates, are highly effective in combating different types of malware, such as ransomware, trojans, and spyware. In addition, the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence helps detect threats in real-time. This research provides practical advice for developers and users on how to improve Windows security through a combination of proactive and reactive measures. It also suggests that users be more aware of cybersecurity. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for the development of more secure operating systems in the future.

Microsoft Word is an application that is already familiar to users. Microsoft is widely used to creted documents and edit documents .Microsoft Word is an application made by a company that is the name as the windows computer operating system. Microsoft Word ia a program or word  processing application, namely software, which has the funtion of creating writing documentsin various formats, such as papers, journal, reports amd so on. Microsoft Word is an application thet is ofthen referrend to as Ms Word or Word which has a main design called WYSIWYG ( What you see is what you get). with this design  Microsoft is able to display words written by its users and will appear as typed by the user, besides this design also has features such as copy, or copy paste. In its development, Microsoft can not only be used to procces words, but can also insert images, graphs and tables . in addition, its use can alsocreate text in various formants, namely italicized, bold, colored and underline words.In this article, we will discuss the basic formatting that can be used by those using Microsoft Word. This research also aims to provide an understanding of hoe to use basic Microsoft Word formatting and to make it easier for users, especially students.

Optimizing Windows-based operating systems for databases in Cloud and Edge Computing environments is very important to increase data management efficiency and performance. In this study, we discuss ways to optimize Windows in both environments. In the Cloud environment, the main focus is on data management using services such as Google Drive, while in the Edge environment, optimization is carried out using Windows IoT Core and Windows IoT Enterprise. Of these two, we optimize Windows IoT Enterprise more because it is more directed towards Edge computing. Our research results show that by implementing the right optimization and efficient performance results, database performance can be significantly improved, which provides great benefits for individual users and society

Exploring the concept of the Windows serverless operating system as a solution in the development and deployment of modern applications. Through a quantitative approach, this study evaluates how serverless technology can improve efficiency, reduce costs, and speed up the application development process. Using case studies and data analysis, this study provides practical guidance for developers and organizations in adopting serverless architectures in Windows environments.    

The goal of improving the compatibility of the Windows operating system with various devices is to ensure that Windows runs well on desktops, laptops, tablets, and mobile devices. Technical developments such as system modularization, performance optimization, and better driver integration are part of this effort. To expand the range of devices, Microsoft supports ARM architecture in addition to x86 architecture. Additionally, support for IoT technology, biometric sensors and touch screens has been improved. Maintaining a consistent user experience and expanding the ecosystem of Windows-compatible devices is the goal of this effort.

The Windows operating system has become one of the main targets for cyber attackers because of its popularity among computer users. Therefore, developing an effective integrated security system is essential to protect the Windows operating system from various cyber threats. This journal discusses integrated security system development strategies that include the use of encryption technology, firewalls, malware scanning, system updates, and user awareness. Apart from that, this journal also discusses the implementation of an integrated security strategy to protect the Windows operating system from increasingly complex cyber attacks. The goal of this journal is to provide strategic guidance for IT security professionals and researchers in developing an effective integrated security system to protect the Windows operating system from ever-evolving cyber threats.

The rapid development of digital technology has led to the importance of intuitive and user-friendly operating systems. Windows, as one of the most widely used operating systems in the world, therefore we continue to strive to present a user interface (UI) that is not only functional but also easy to use. This journal discusses the project "Recreating Intuitive and User-Friendly User Interface for Windows Operating System: A User Experience (UX) Driven Approach" which aims to improve the Windows user experience through better UI design. The main objective of this project is to explore and implement design principles that can improve the overall user experience. With a user experience (UX) based approach, this project identifies weaknesses in the current Windows interface, seeks innovative solutions, and tests their effectiveness through comprehensive user research. In this research, we produced several new features that were introduced including grouping, app drawer, and widgets, all of which are intended to ease navigation and improve efficiency of use.

Data security is an important aspect of information systems, especially in the widely used windows operating system environment. Modern encryption technology offers a variety of ways to increase data protection from security threats. This method utilizes literature insights and comparative analysis of various cryptographic techniques applied to the Windows operating system. Data sources were obtained from academic journals, books and technical documents from Microsoft and cyber security institutions. This article describes various modern cryptographic techniques that can be applied to the Windows operating system, including symmetric and asymmetric algorithms and end-to-end encryption. Protocol implementation security. This research also examines the effectiveness of cryptographic techniques in overcoming cyber security threats and provides the best recommendations for improving data security. It also provides a comparative analysis of various cryptographic techniques implemented in Windows operating systems. This study shows that evaluating encryption techniques can help overcome cyber threats and provide optimal solutions to improve data security. Data sources were obtained from academic journals, books, and technical documents from Microsoft and cyber security.

This research aims to audit information system performance by comparing two versions of the Windows operating system, namely Windows 7 and Windows 10. The method used includes testing various performance parameters such as boot time, memory usage, disk access speed, power efficiency, system stability, and performance. multitasking. The research results show that Windows 10 has significant performance improvements compared to Windows 7 in various aspects tested, especially in power efficiency and disk access speed.