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Human personality is diverse and influences the way people act, think, and interact in daily life. These differences also appear in literature, especially in drama, where characters reveal their traits through dialogue, actions, and conflicts. This study aims to analyze the personality of Othello in William Shakespeare’s Othello using the Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN). This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data taken from selected dialogues and monologues that reflect Othello’s personality. The data were categorized into five dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The findings show that Neuroticism (30.77%) is the most dominant trait in Othello’s character, followed by Extraversion (23.08%), Agreeableness (15.38%), Conscientiousness (15.38%), and Openness (15.38%). These traits influence his decisions, relationships, and eventual downfall, indicating that emotional instability and insecurity play a crucial role in the tragic development of the play. This study demonstrates how universal personality traits shape human behavior and conflict in Shakespeare’s drama and shows that modern psychological frameworks can be effectively applied to classical literature.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

William Shakespeare’s drama Antony and Cleopatra illustrates various aspects of hedonism, especially in the pursuit of love, power, and desire. These behaviors are reflected in the way the characters prioritize personal pleasure over political duty, showing how immediate gratification often clashes with responsibility. This study aims to explore the different types of hedonism represented in the play. A qualitative descriptive approach is used to analyze the dialogues and actions of the main characters, Mark Antony and Cleopatra, based on Weijers’ (2012) framework. The results reveal six categories of hedonism: folk hedonism (30%), value/prudential hedonism (20%), motivational hedonism (15%), normative hedonism (12.5%), utilitarian hedonism (12.5%), and egoist hedonism (10%). Among these, folk hedonism is the most dominant, particularly in Antony and Cleopatra’s pursuit of love and passion without considering the consequences for their political roles. The research shows that Antony and Cleopatra reflects how the pursuit of personal pleasure can shape character development, create conflict, and even lead to tragedy, illustrating timeless patterns where short-term desires overshadow long-term responsibilities.

Literary works are not only created for entertainment, but also to describe human life, which is full of values and moral issues. William Shakespeare's play ‘Timon of Athens’, which shows how a person is tested when betrayed by wealth, power, and friendship. This study aims to examine how morality is depicted in the play using Friedrich Nietzsche's theory of ‘master morality’ and ‘slave morality’. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by analysing excerpts from the dialogue in the play “Timon of Athens” that demonstrate moral values. The results show that this play mostly depicts slave morality (65%), as Timon transforms from a kind and proud figure into someone filled with hatred and resentment after being betrayed. Meanwhile, master morality (35%) appears at the beginning of the story when he is still strong, confident, and generous. According to Nietzsche, master morality reflects strength, pride, independence, and the ability to create one’s own values, while slave morality emerges from weakness, suffering, and resentment as a reaction to disappointment or oppression. Overall, Timon of Athens illustrates how life changes and deep betrayal can cause a shift from the confidence and generosity of master morality to the bitterness and hatred found in slave morality.  

This thesis examines inflectional affixes in William Shakespeare’s Play Romeo and Juliet. The objectives of this study are to find out the types of inflectional affixes in William Shakespeare’s Play Romeo and Juliet based on Fromkin, Rodman & Hyams (2011) theory. This study applied descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study are eight types of inflectional affixes namely third-person singular present, past tense, progressive, past participle, plural, possessive, comparative, superlative. The writer found that there are 18 data categorized into third-person singular present, 10 data categorized into past tense, 2 data categorized into progressive, 8 data categorized into past participle, 13 data categorized into plural, 16 data categorized into possessive, 2 data categorized into comparative and 2 data categorized into superlative.

Literary works are creations written with the aim of conveying an aesthetic impression. Literary works can take the form of prose, poetry, or drama. To make poetry more beautiful and easier to understand, a writer needs to understand the rules for creating good poetry. This research aims to analyze the various types of figurative language found in William Shakespeare's poem titled "Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds." The research focuses on the analysis of figurative language used in the poem. The objective is to identify the types of figurative language and understand their functions within the poem. The results of this study reveal that there are three types of figurative language found in the poem: metaphor, personification, and hyperbole.

Shakespeare's sonnets are renowned for their profound use of rich metaphors and sophisticated language to explore human emotions and experiences. In three well-known sonnets—"Sonnet 18" ("Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?"), "Sonnet 130" ("My Mistress' Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun"), and "Sonnet 116" ("Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds"—this article explores Shakespeare's use of figurative language. Shakespeare's use of metaphors, imagery, and personalization is thoroughly examined in this research using Rasinger's analytical method, revealing the many meanings and feelings that these works contain. Shakespeare's writing prowess and his ongoing relevance in examining the complexity of human existence are highlighted in this article through a thorough examination and comparison of various literary devices

This academic study explores the issue of identity uncertainty and mistaken identities in William Shakespeare's well-known farce, "The Comedy of Errors," critically. The story, which centers on two pairs of identical twins who were split up at birth, presents a number of humorous and confusing situations that are sparked by misidentification. The research explores the relevance of misidentification, the function of irony in these situations, and the interpersonal tensions and relationships among characters through the use of text analysis and a qualitative technique. This research, which is grounded on Erikson's psychological developmental model and incorporates dramatic aspects, demonstrates the enduring influence of Shakespeare's unique language style in illustrating the complex nature of mistaken identity.

Loyalty is based on devotion, compliance, and allegiance; it is a virtue that serves as a mirror of one's own conduct and character. The drama "Anthony and Cleopatra" by William Shakespeare serves as a focus point for analyzing loyalty, which is demonstrated by constant and steadfast support. This study explores the characters' loyalty using an descriptive qualitative method, offering a fuller understanding of the moral quandaries Shakespeare presents. The study uses text analysis to interpret scenes and interpret speech, illuminating the complex dynamics of Cleopatra and Anthony's fidelity.

Macbeth was one of William Shakespeare's famous plays that used many shadows to beckon events to come in this story. In Macbeth's stories shadows are used to create tensions and raise questions about agency and moral responsibility in the drama. This study aims to analyze and identify the use of additives in the text and connect it to the development of themes and characters in Macbeth's story. In addition, the researchers also used interpretation and evaluation. After evaluating "Macbeth," the researcher gives his own view of the work. This data-research method employs a qualitative approach. Research shows that parallels are used in "Macbeth" to predict the direction of the story, build tensions, and develop character. Parallels are used to show changes in character and awareness of responsibility dealt with by Macbeth. Examples of vocations used in "Macbeth" include witch prophecies, soliloquy Macbeth, hallucinations and visions, and the use of invention. These barriers help build tensions and predict the tragic end of the main character

This investigation aims to learn more about love and hatred in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. This research is qualitative since the data are in the form of words rather than numbers. In collecting the data, the writer used primary and secondary sources. The primary source is the play, Romeo and Juliet. The secondary sources are books, the internet, and some relevant articles. In analyzing the data, the writer used a mimetic approach. The result shows that human beings are born to love each other. However, in Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare portrays not only love but also hatred that destroys the lives of human beings who are falling in love with each other. Shakespeare portrays a couple who are not allowed to continue their love relationship because their families are against each other. They are not allowed to meet each other because the families hate each other. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.

Metaphors were mosly found in the drama “Hamlet.” It confused and made it hard for the readers to understand some dialogue in that drama. It became an interesting one to explore more profound about the use of metaphors. This study explored more the metaphors in the conversation among characters in William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. The researcher applied a qualitative descriptive method with the theory of the Metaphor, according to Parera (2004), as a detailed explanation. The study results found that the most frequently occurring types were Animal Metaphors (35%), and Anthropomorphic Metaphors as the rarest one (15%). Animal Metaphor uses animal parts to mock people in this story. Anthropomorphic metaphors are parts of the human body that are transferred to various inanimate objects used to praise in this story. Metaphors  occured in a drama  which can make it more interesting to read and perform