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This study describes a comparative analysis of public financial systems in the ancient world, medieval Europe, and early Islam from a social justice perspective. The purpose of this study is to analyze the public financial systems of the ancient world, medieval Europe, and early Islam from a social justice perspective. The research method is qualitative. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the ancient world had an administratively efficient financial system but was highly centered on the power of the ruler, resulting in high social inequality. In medieval Europe, the financial system was influenced by feudalism and religious values, but was fragmented and dependent on the elite, resulting in an unequal distribution of wealth. Meanwhile, early Islam presented a more structured financial system through the Baitul Mal (Financial Treasury) and instruments such as zakat, kharaj, and jizyah, oriented towards social justice and wealth redistribution. However, all three systems have their respective weaknesses, especially in aspects of implementation, accountability, and equity. This study concludes that social justice in the public financial system requires the integration of institutional efficiency, ethical values, and strong redistribution mechanisms.

The implementation of corporate zakat in Indonesia remains relatively low despite its significant potential to support national economic development. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of corporate zakat as an instrument for reducing tax burdens and its contribution to economic equality. This research employs a literature review approach by examining relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that corporate zakat of 2.5% is obligatory for business entities that meet the nisab and haul requirements. Based on Law No. 23 of 2011 and Law No. 36 of 2008, zakat distributed through authorized institutions such as BAZNAS or LAZ can be deducted from taxable income. Corporate zakat not only fulfills religious obligations but also plays a vital role in wealth redistribution through social assistance and productive capital for mustahik. Therefore, optimizing corporate zakat can serve as a strategic instrument to promote sustainable economic justice in Indonesia. Effective policies and outreach from the government are also needed so that companies are more encouraged to pay zakat in a timely and transparent manner.

This study aims to critically examine the concept of economic justice proposed by Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Sallam in his work Al-Amwal and to evaluate its relevance to contemporary economic dynamics. The research applies a qualitative approach using a library research method, in which Al-Amwal serves as the primary source, supported by various secondary references related to Islamic economics and theories of distributive justice. The data were analyzed through content analysis to identify Abu Ubaid’s core ideas, followed by a comparative approach to relate his framework to modern economic principles and practices. The findings reveal that Abu Ubaid’s concept of economic justice is both distributive and structural in nature. It not only emphasizes equitable wealth distribution but also highlights the importance of systemic regulation and public policy oriented toward social welfare. Zakat is positioned as a central instrument for wealth redistribution aimed at reducing social inequality and alleviating poverty. Furthermore, the state plays a strategic role in managing public resources transparently and fairly to ensure collective prosperity. Ethical values are also fundamental in economic activities to prevent exploitation, injustice, and imbalance. Overall, Abu Ubaid’s economic thought remains highly relevant in addressing modern challenges, particularly issues of income inequality, social justice, and sustainable development in today’s global economic system.

This study examines the effectiveness of zakat distribution during the leadership of Umar bin Abdul Aziz and its relevance to poverty alleviation models in Indonesia. Structural poverty remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia’s economic development, requiring systematic and sustainable solutions. Within Islamic economic thought, zakat functions not only as a religious obligation but also as a fiscal instrument capable of promoting social welfare and economic independence. This research employs a qualitative approach through historical and literature study methods, analyzing classical Islamic governance practices alongside contemporary zakat management in Indonesia. The findings reveal that the success of zakat distribution under Umar bin Abdul Aziz was supported by centralized governance, strong institutional reform of Baitul Mal, strict supervision, and integrity-based leadership, resulting in effective wealth redistribution and significant poverty reduction. The study further finds that productive zakat distribution, institutional integration, regulatory reinforcement, and digital transparency are crucial elements for enhancing the performance of zakat institutions in Indonesia. The implications suggest that strengthening governance, accountability, and productive empowerment programs can transform zakat into a strategic socio-economic policy instrument capable of addressing structural poverty in a sustainable manner.

Financial purity is a fundamental principle in Islamic economics that emphasizes the management of assets in a halal, fair, and responsible manner in accordance with sharia provisions. In the context of Islamic financial institutions, zakat plays a strategic role as an instrument for the purification of assets (tazkiyat al-mal) and as a mechanism for wealth redistribution to achieve social justice. This study aims to analyze the role of zakat in maintaining the financial purity of Islamic financial institutions. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to managers and related parties in Islamic financial institutions that have zakat management programs. The research variables include zakat management as the independent variable and financial purity as the dependent variable, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results of this study indicate that zakat management has a positive and significant impact on the financial sanctity of Islamic financial institutions, primarily through increased sharia compliance, transparency, and institutional accountability. This finding confirms that zakat serves not only as an obligatory act of worship but also as a strategic instrument in strengthening the ethics, legitimacy, and social responsibility of Islamic financial institutions. This research is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions to the development of sustainable zakat governance in the Islamic financial system.

This research analyzes the legal status of zakat within the state financial system and explores its potential integration as a sharia-based fiscal instrument in Indonesia through a comparative study with Malaysia. In Islamic law, zakat functions both as a religious obligation and as a mechanism for wealth redistribution aimed at achieving social justice. However, under Indonesia’s positive law framework, zakat is still treated as a socio-religious institution outside the formal state fiscal system, as stipulated in Law Number 23 of 2011 on Zakat Management. In contrast, Malaysia has successfully integrated zakat into its Islamic fiscal policy through the authority of the State Islamic Religious Council (MAIN), which holds legal legitimacy as a regional public body. This study adopts a normative and comparative legal approach by examining statutory regulations, Islamic legal doctrines, and zakat institutional practices in both countries. The findings indicate that the integration of zakat into Indonesia’s fiscal system is constitutionally permissible and does not conflict with Article 23A and Article 34 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, as it aligns with welfare state principles and the state’s responsibility toward poverty alleviation. The legal implications of such integration include the establishment of lex specialis regulating zakat as a sharia fiscal instrument, harmonization with state finance laws, and the strengthening of institutional legitimacy and accountability in zakat management. Therefore, zakat holds significant potential to become a core pillar of Islamic economic law that supports economic equity and enhances national fiscal resilience.

The role of economics in human life has become increasingly significant in the modern era as it serves as a foundation for meeting daily needs and achieving collective welfare. This study aims to analyze how Islamic economic principles regulate price determination in markets and income distribution to ensure fairness and social balance. The research adopts a qualitative approach through library research by reviewing classical Islamic literature, modern economic works, and Qur’anic interpretations related to economic justice. The findings show that Islam emphasizes justice, equality, and welfare as the foundation of all economic activity. Price setting in Islam must reflect fairness, avoiding exploitation and ensuring that transactions bring mutual benefit to both sellers and buyers. Meanwhile, income distribution is directed toward social equity through the implementation of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah, which serve as instruments for wealth redistribution and poverty alleviation. The implication of this study is that the application of Islamic economic principles can provide a moral and sustainable alternative to conventional capitalist systems by promoting fairness, social responsibility, and economic stability within society.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a majorimpact on Indonesia's economy, particularly on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Islamic economics, with its principles of justice and social instruments such as zakat and waqf, offers solutions to strengthen economic resilience in the post-pandemicperiod. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the role of Islamic economics in supporting economic recovery. The findings show that Islamic economics is effective in promoting wealth redistribution, empowering MSMEs, and protecting vulnerable groups. A broader and more collaborative implementation of Islamic economicsis needed to build national economic resilience.

Inequality in wealth distribution is a serious problem in the modern economic system. The gap between high and low income groups continues to widen, triggering various social problems. In the perspective of Islamic economics, zakat, infaq and waqf are present as instruments that not only have worship values, but also significant social and economic functions. This study aims to analyze the contribution of these three instruments in reducing the inequality of wealth distribution in society. Through descriptive qualitative approach and literature study, this research examines various literatures and secondary data obtained from zakat, infaq, and waqf management institutions in Indonesia. The results show that zakat, infaq, and waqf are able to act as effective wealth redistribution tools, improve the welfare of vulnerable groups, and strengthen social cohesion. These three instruments are proven to be a systemic solution in creating a more equitable economic balance. Therefore, accountable, professional, and trustworthy management is needed so that the socio-economic potential of zakat, infaq, and waqf can be optimized in supporting the creation of social justice according to Islamic teachings.

This study discusses the contribution of zakat in improving the economic welfare of society through the perspective of Islamic business management. The persistence of social and economic inequality across various segments of society underscores the importance of optimizing zakat management. In Islamic thought, zakat is not only a spiritual obligation but also a means of wealth redistribution that can strengthen the economic structure of the ummah. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative approach, analyzing various relevant sources to formulate efficient zakat management strategies that align with Sharia principles. The analysis reveals that the application of Islamic management principles—such as planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling—plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of zakat distribution, particularly in the form of productive zakat. Additionally, strengthening technological aspects, improving education for zakat managers (amil), collaborating with local institutions, and conducting intensive public outreach are complementary strategies relevant to the current context. The study concludes that professionally managed, integrated zakat administration based on Sharia values holds significant potential to serve as a sustainable driver for improving societal welfare.

This study aims to analyze the economic thought of Ibn Khaldun and its relevance to the modern economic system. Employing a qualitative approach through library research and document analysis, the study examines key concepts in Al-Muqaddimah, such as the economic cycle theory, market mechanisms, the role of the state, and distributive justice advocated by Ibn Khaldun. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun’s economic thought holds significant relevance in addressing modern economic challenges, particularly social inequality, wealth redistribution, and market regulation. Empirical studies on the implementation of zakat systems in Malaysia and modern economic theories like Keynesianism and institutional economics support these findings. Therefore, integrating Ibn Khaldun’s classical economic values into contemporary economic policies can enhance the stability, justice, and sustainability of the global economic system. This research contributes to enriching Islamic economic literature and offers practical solutions for inclusive and equitable economic development.

This study examines the transformation of the Islamic economy during the golden age of the Abbasid Dynasty, characterized by innovations in financial systems, the implementation of fiscal policies based on wealth redistribution, and shifts in social and cultural structures. The background of this research is rooted in the strategic role of the Abbasid Dynasty in creating an advanced Islamic civilization through the integration of economic progress, social growth, and cultural development. The aim of the study is to analyze in depth the dynamics of economic change, its impact on social structures, and its contribution to the development of science and culture during this period. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves the search, selection, and synthesis of literature from various credible academic sources. The findings indicate that innovative policies, such as the implementation of primitive banking systems, zakat and waqf mechanisms, and infrastructure development, support inclusive economic growth and equitable wealth distribution. The implications of this study suggest that the principles of the Islamic economy implemented during the Abbasid era can serve as a reference in designing modern economic policies that are just, sustainable, and responsive to socio-cultural dynamics.

This study analyzes the differences between the neoliberal and social democratic paradigms in poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia, by adding an Islamic Economic perspective as an alternative. The neoliberal paradigm focuses on free market mechanisms, deregulation, and minimizing the role of the state, but often exacerbates social inequality. In contrast, the social democratic paradigm balances the role of the market and state intervention through resource redistribution and protection of vulnerable groups through sustainable social programs. Islamic economics offers a complementary approach oriented towards the principles of distributive justice, balance, and solidarity, by integrating spiritual values ​​into socio-economic policies. A qualitative approach is used in this study, with policy analysis of programs such as the Family Hope Program (PKH) and the National Health Insurance (JKN). The results show that the social democratic paradigm is more effective in reducing poverty systemically than neoliberalism, especially through increasing access to education, health, and social protection. However, budget constraints, corruption, and infrastructure gaps remain significant challenges. The Islamic Economic perspective emphasizes the importance of zakat, waqf, and infaq as instruments of wealth redistribution that have the potential to strengthen inclusive and sustainable poverty alleviation policies. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between the paradigm of social democracy and the values ​​of Islamic Economics to create policies that are more effective, equitable, and oriented towards the welfare of society holistically.  

Zakat, as one of the pillars of Islam, has great potential in supporting sustainable economic development, especially in the modern era which is characterized by technological advances and rapid social change. This research aims to explore the role of zakat in supporting sustainable economic development in the modern era, with a focus on its impact on reducing poverty and increasing community welfare. In this context a qualitative approach is used to analyze data from various sources, including case studies of zakat institutions, interviews with managers. zakat, and a review of related literature. Zakat not only functions as a tool for wealth redistribution, but can also be used to support entrepreneurship and small business development. Research results show that zakat has significant potential in improving community welfare, especially through funding entrepreneurship and small businesses. Digitalization of the zakat process has accelerated collection and distribution, increased transparency and accountability, and expanded the reach of zakat recipients. Zakat can be a vital instrument in achieving sustainable development goals. With collaboration between zakat institutions, the government and the private sector, zakat can have a greater positive impact in creating a just and sustainable society.

The application of blockchain technology in waqf and zakat management offers an innovative solution to enhance transparency and accountability in religious fund management. In the context of Islamic economics, zakat and waqf play a crucial role in wealth redistribution and social welfare. However, challenges such as lack of transparency, inefficient reporting systems, and potential fund mismanagement remain significant obstacles. This study aims to analyze how blockchain technology can be utilized to improve the effectiveness of zakat and waqf management. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores the key benefits of blockchain, including decentralized transaction recording, smart contract utilization, and reduced data manipulation risks. The findings indicate that blockchain implementation can increase public trust, accelerate distribution processes, and enhance accountability in zakat and waqf institutions. Nevertheless, challenges such as technological infrastructure limitations and regulatory constraints must be addressed to ensure the optimal adoption of blockchain within the Islamic financial system.

Zakat is one of the main pillars of Islam, required of Muslims who possess wealth exceeding the nisab threshold. Beyond its religious obligation, zakat also serves as a strategic tool for poverty alleviation and socioeconomic enhancement. The primary objective of zakat is to purify the wealth and soul of the muzakki (zakat giver) and to assist the mustahik (zakat recipients) in meeting their basic needs. In Indonesia, with its large Muslim population, the potential for zakat is significant, yet its impact on poverty reduction remains limited. Optimal zakat management is essential to ensure targeted distribution. Zakat includes eight categories of recipients: fakir, miskin, amil, muallaf, riqab, gharim, fii sabilillah, and ibn sabil. Through a productive approach, zakat can provide business capital and training to mustahik, enhancing their economic self-sufficiency and reducing social inequality. This study employs a library research method and a qualitative approach to explore the role of zakat in improving community welfare. The findings indicate that effective zakat management, especially in the form of productive zakat, can strengthen social solidarity and promote economic empowerment. Zakat functions not only as wealth redistribution but also as a holistic empowerment tool, contributing to achieving more equitable and comprehensive societal welfare.  

Monetary policy in Islamic economics is an important aspect in maintaining economic stability and promoting the welfare of the people. In the Islamic economic paradigm, monetary policy aims to create a balance between sustainable economic growth and fair distribution of wealth. Principles such as fairness, sustainability and fairness are the basis for formulating monetary policy. First, monetary policy must ensure that the creation of new money is carried out responsibly, avoiding inflation that is detrimental to society. In addition, the Islamic monetary system encourages the use of financial instruments based on sharia principles, such as mudharabah and musyarakah, which encourage healthy economic participation. Second, monetary policy must pay attention to aspects of wealth redistribution to reduce economic inequality. This can be achieved through collecting zakat, infaq and sadaqah as well as channeling funds to sectors in need, such as education, health and poverty alleviation. By implementing monetary policy in accordance with Islamic economic principles, it is hoped that an economy that is inclusive, sustainable and fair can be realized for all members of society.

This study explores the development of Islamic economic thought during the Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE). Using descriptive and literature review methods, this research highlights the integration of Islamic principles into economic policies and practices during this era. Key findings indicate that the Umayyad rulers implemented zakat, kharaj, and jizyah systems to ensure wealth redistribution and welfare. Infrastructure development and monetization through dinar and dirham currencies also contributed to economic stability while adhering to Islamic ethical values. Despite challenges such as social inequality and administrative inefficiencies, the Umayyad Dynasty laid a foundation for future Islamic economic systems that prioritize justice and prosperity.