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Meningitis is a serious infectious disease that can be prevented through vaccination; however, the vaccination process often causes anxiety in patients, especially during the pre-procedure phase. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect patient readiness and comfort. Therapeutic communication by nurses is one intervention that has the potential to reduce this level of anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and the anxiety levels of patients prior to meningitis vaccination at Pambalah Batung Amuntai Regional General Hospital. This study used a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 107 respondents selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data on therapeutic communication were collected using an observation sheet, while anxiety levels were measured using the DASS questionnaire (anxiety subscale). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most therapeutic communication was in the good category, and patient anxiety levels were predominantly in the normal category. Statistical test results indicated a significant relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and patient anxiety levels (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The better the therapeutic communication provided, the lower the patient’s anxiety level. In conclusion, nurses’ therapeutic communication plays an important role in reducing patient anxiety prior to meningitis vaccination and needs to be optimized in nursing practice.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health issue in Indonesia, with the number of cases not showing a decline. Pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In 2018, the number of TB cases in Aceh reached 41,595, with Aceh Utara having the highest number at 4,819 cases, followed by Bireuen with 3,636 cases, while Sabang recorded the lowest at 272 cases. The primary risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in children is a history of contact with adult TB patients, as children's immune systems are still weak, allowing the bacteria to enter their bodies easily. This study aims to examine the history of TB contact in children at the Pediatric Clinic of Cut Meutia General Hospital. The research used a descriptive observational design, with 105 respondents, and data was collected from medical records. The results showed that the majority of respondents were toddlers (47.6%), most were male (54.3%), and 58.1% had good nutritional status. A significant percentage of respondents (77.1%) had a history of contact with TB patients, and 83.8% did not receive BCG vaccination. These findings highlight that contact with TB patients is a key factor in the transmission to children.

Background: Compliance with routine infant immunization is essential for the success of vaccination programs and the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, adherence to immunization schedules remains suboptimal due to limited parental knowledge, concerns about vaccine safety, and the limited effectiveness of conventional health education. Audio-visual media offer a promising solution by delivering information in a more engaging, clear, and consistent manner. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of audio-visual educational media in improving adherence to basic immunization among infants in the service area of the Rum Balibunga Community Health Center. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used. The sample included 40 mothers with infants aged 0-12 months selected through purposive sampling. Participants received an educational video on basic immunization. Adherence was assessed before and after the intervention based on completeness and timeliness according to the national schedule. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, with the McNemar test for paired categorical data. Results: There was a significant improvement in immunization adherence after the intervention. Statistical analysis confirmed a meaningful difference before and after exposure, indicating the effectiveness of audio-visual media. Conclusion: Audio-visual education is an effective strategy to improve infant immunization adherence and can be widely applied in primary healthcare settings.

Beef demand in Indonesia continues to increase, particularly during religious holidays. Bali cattle, one of the main sources of beef, face a serious threat from Jembrana disease, a viral infection that compromises the immune system and causes significant economic losses. This study aimed to determine the correlation between spleen weight, body temperature, and cycle threshold (Ct) values in Bali cattle following Jembrana virus inoculation. A correlational method was applied to eight female Bali cattle injected with Jembrana virus inoculum. Physiological changes in body temperature were monitored, followed by necropsy to assess spleen weight. In addition, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed before and after inoculation to detect viral presence and determine Ct values. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Pearson correlation tests. The results revealed a very strong positive correlation between spleen weight and body temperature, while a very strong negative correlation was observed between spleen weight and Ct values. These findings indicate that Jembrana virus inoculation leads to increased body temperature and splenic enlargement in Bali cattle, accompanied by a decrease in Ct values, reflecting higher viral loads. Therefore, the administration of antipyretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, vitamins, and antibiotics prior to vaccination is recommended to reduce the risk of hyperthermia, splenic swelling, decreased Ct values, and secondary infections.

Equitable vaccine distribution is a global issue that has received increasing attention, especially since the increasing need for vaccines in the face of modern pandemics. This study aims to analyze the inequality in vaccine distribution and the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy through a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing literature studies and supporting data in the form of graphs. The analysis results show that high-income countries have significantly greater access to vaccines than middle- and low-income countries, creating inequalities that impact public health protection. Furthermore, levels of vaccine hesitancy were found to vary across social groups, with adolescents being the group with the highest rate of rejection due to the influence of misinformation and low trust in health institutions. These findings confirm that the success of a vaccination program is determined not only by the availability of equitable distribution but also by public acceptance, which is influenced by social, psychological, and ethical factors. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of applying bioethical principles such as justice, beneficence, and autonomy in formulating effective and inclusive vaccination policies.

The purpose of this activity is to socialize the implementation of biosecurity as an effort to prevent disease in cattle in Luhulely Village, Pulau Letti District, Southwest Maluku Regency. This activity was carried out using a socialization method involving beef cattle farmers and all Luhulely Village staff. The implementation of the activity was divided into 2 sessions, namely a material presentation session and an interactive discussion session. Some general steps in implementing biosecurity include the following: access management, animal movement control, cleanliness and sanitation, waste management, animal health monitoring, and vaccination. This socialization activity was attended by approximately 20 participants consisting of beef cattle farmers and several Luhulely Village staff. Several important things that can be concluded from the implementation of this activity are as follows: the majority of farmers showed an increased understanding of the importance of biosecurity after participating in the socialization, the farmers expressed their readiness to implement various biosecurity measures, such as quarantine of new livestock, waste management, and provision of adequate sanitation facilities in the livestock area, and several farmers requested further assistance regarding the implementation of more detailed biosecurity, including correct livestock vaccination techniques. The conclusion of this activity is that the socialization of biosecurity implementation on cattle farms is expected to increase farmers' awareness and understanding of maintaining livestock health and preventing disease transmission. Through proper biosecurity implementation, it is hoped that healthy, more productive, and sustainable livestock conditions will be created.

The livestock sector in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, has great potential but is often threatened by outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), which cause significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the FMD control policies implemented by the Gowa Regency Government based on William Dunn's six policy evaluation criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The study used a qualitative approach with primary data collected through in-depth interviews with key informants from the Livestock and Animal Health Division of the Gowa Regency Livestock and Plantation Service and supporting data from various literature. The findings show that the FMD control policy is effective in achieving zero cases, but efficiency is hampered by limited medical personnel (only two veterinarians) and operational budget dependence entirely on the Central Government. Vaccine adequacy is a pull sistem (demand-driven) and compensation distribution is carried out fairly. Community responsiveness increased after severe losses, and policy accuracy was considered most optimal in the implementation of biosecurity and sanitation while promoting vaccination. As a recommendation, the Gowa Government needs to recruit contract workers in the field of animal health, allocate funds for the procurement of operational vehicles and equipment to support laboratory facilities, and issue a Regent Regulation that strictly regulates the implementation of biosecurity and livestock housing patterns in high-risk areas.

Complete basic immunization for infants is an important effort in preventing infectious diseases and improving public health. However, certain regions still have subpar vaccination rates, which may be due to parents' ignorance and attitudes. Children who do not receive all recommended vaccinations are more vulnerable to illness and, worse, may die from it. This study was conducted at the Jikohay Community Health Center in the West Obi District to examine the impact IEC on mothers' attitudes and knowledge on the provision of full basic immunizations for newborns. Maternal and child health books (KIA) and a questionnaire approach were used in this qualitative study. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how IEC affects mothers' knowledge and attitudes on giving their babies the recommended basic vaccinations at the Jikohay Health Center in the West Obi District. There were 60 individuals in the population and 40 responders in the sample. Purposive sampling was used for the sample process. The Wilcoxon test was utilized for data analysis. According to the study's findings, 20 respondents had good attitudes, 20 had sufficient attitudes, and 29 had good knowledge, 10 had sufficient knowledge, and 1 had insufficient knowledge after receiving counseling on parental attitudes and knowledge in providing full basic immunizations to infants. At the Jikohay Health Center in the West Obi District, the results of the statistical test with a p-value of 0.000 indicated that IEC had an impact on mothers' attitudes and knowledge toward giving their infants all of the recommended basic vaccinations.

Immunization is one of the most effective and efficient public health efforts in preventing diseases and reducing mortality rates in children such as smallpox, polio, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, diphtheria, measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), tetanus, pneumonia (lung inflammation) and meningitis (inflammation of the brain membrane) (Nandi & Shet, 2020). Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2020 showed that vaccination coverage in the 3rd and 4th months was months. However, efforts can be made to increase child vaccination coverage to 80% and that does not include DT, MR2, and HPV vaccinations. As, measles data is only 45%, diphtheria-tetanus (DT) is around 40% (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2021). To determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the completeness of basic immunization in children at the Raden Omas Posyandu. This study uses a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional method. The population in this study consisted of mothers who had children aged 12 to 18 months at Posyandu Raden Omas, totaling 36 mothers. The statistical results showed a relationship between maternal knowledge and the completeness of basic immunization in children p-value (0.048). Most respondents had good knowledge, as many as 13 respondents (36.1%). Sufficient knowledge, as many as 13 respondents (36.1%). Insufficient knowledge, as many as 10 respondents or 27.8%. Most respondents had incomplete immunization, namely 18 respondents (50%).

Pets and livestock play an important role in everyday life, both economically and socially. However, both require optimal care and health to ensure their well-being and prevent potential health risks to humans. Annajah Vet Care, Pet & Poultry Shop comes as a veterinary clinic that provides comprehensive health services, such as vaccinations, hospitalization, grooming, and provision of feed for livestock and pets. Despite operating for two years, the clinic does not yet have a strong and consistent visual identity, as evidenced by the use of two similar logos that do not reflect the brand image. Promotion is also still limited to physical media and conventional methods such as word of mouth, with no utilization of social media. Surveys show that the majority of people recognize Annajah Vet Care as an animal health service provider, but brand awareness of its role as a pet shop is still low. To overcome this challenge, concept design was conducted as a strategic effort to strengthen brand identity through the application of a consistent and representative visual identity. In addition, the use of social media was optimized to reach a wider audience and support effective promotional efforts. Rebranding is expected to increase brand awareness, improve public perception of the services offered. With the right branding approach, Annajah Vet Care is expected to be able to compete in the market.

Accination actively seeks to create/enhance a person's immunity to disease. Vaccination protects children from several immunisation-preventable diseases (VPDs). Some of the infectious diseases included in VPDs are tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, whooping cough, measles, polio, and meningitis. Vaccinated children will be protected from dangerous diseases that can cause injury or death. This study is included in analytical observational research, which does not conduct treatment on research subjects with the aim of providing a clearer picture of the problem in the subject. This type of research is a type of survey with a cross sectional design or where the data collection process is carried out at the same time between independent variables, namely factors that influence the provision of complete basic immunisation in infants. Based on the table, it can be seen that the majority of mothers have a high school education as many as 30 people, the majority of mothers who work as housewives as many as 46 people, the majority of mothers have less knowledge as many as 52 people, the majority of mothers with incomplete basic immunisation as many as 56 people.

One reason for the lack of information regarding the economic costs of disability or death and the benefits of immunisation when children in the vicinity are not fully immunised is the discovery of signatures. Many people are confused by the terms vaccination and immunisation. Immunisation is given to neonates as soon as possible because it can avoid primary diseases through vaccination. If the baby receives the right vaccination, he will be protected from dangerous diseases such as disabilities. Basic immunisation of infants and toddlers is a routine immunisation programme as well as an additional immunisation programme to prevent communicable diseases (PD3I) such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B, and measles to reduce morbidity, mortality and disability in infants and children. BCG once, DPT-HB three times, Polio four times, HB Uniject once, and measles once are the basic vaccines. These vaccines must be given to all infants to prevent diseases from entering the body. The method used was analytical survey research. Exploration of how and why this phenomenon occurs is the goal of the analytical survey research approach.

The Islamic Family Law Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung on Thursday, July 18, 2024 had the opportunity to carry out one of the tridarma of higher education, namely community service. The community service carried out by the Islamic Family Law Study Program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung is by contributing and synergizing with the Cilengkrang District Religious Affairs Office in Marriage Guidance activities, by becoming one of the facilitators in the activity. In general, the structure of the Marriage Guidance activities is as follows; 1) Registration and Tetanus Vaccination for female participants, 2) Opening of Marriage Guidance Activities, 3) Remarks on Marriage Guidance Activities, 4) Health and Tetanus Material from a Medical Perspective, 5) Reproductive Health Material from an Islamic Law perspective, 6) Marriage Advice, 7) Closing of Marriage Guidance Activities, 8) Handover of certificates to participants, 9) Documentation. This Marriage Guidance activity is held to provide provisions for prospective brides who will enter the world of marriage. This activity, contains a lot of advice, messages, and insights that are expected to help prospective brides when facing problems that arise in the household ark.

The spread of infectious diseases has become a critical issue in public health, requiring effective mathematical models to understand and control their dynamics. This study aims to develop a mathematical model based on differential equations to analyze the transmission patterns of infectious diseases. By dividing the population into distinct compartments—susceptible, infected, and recovered—this model provides a framework to study disease progression. The methodology involves formulating a system of ordinary differential equations to represent interactions among these compartments, followed by numerical simulations to explore key parameters influencing disease spread. The findings reveal significant insights into the role of infection rate, recovery rate, and basic reproduction number in determining the outbreak's intensity and duration. These results highlight potential strategies for intervention, including vaccination and quarantine measures, to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases. The proposed model serves as a valuable tool for researchers and policymakers to predict and manage disease outbreaks, offering practical implications for public health planning.

The COVID-19 vaccination program is a new program initiated by the government to create herd immunity for COVID-19 with a target target of 70% of the population. Vaccination turns out to provide its own anxiety for the community. Anxiety occurs during the Covid-19 pandemic and is also felt when there is a vaccination program in the community. To find out the relationship between the vaccination program and the level of anxiety in the community during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Rt. 02 Bojong Baru Village, Bogor Regency in 2021. The type of research used is descriptive correlation research using a cross sectional study approach. Based on the results of the Spearman rank test, there is a correlation or relationship between the administration of the vaccination program and the level in the Rt.

Vaccination can increase the body's immunity and fight infectious diseases. The level of health of the Indonesian people is decreasing due to the high infant mortality rate, and one effort to overcome this is with a vaccination program for babies and young children. But this program still faces a problem: opposition from parents. Some say that parents' reluctance to vaccinate is caused by people's misunderstanding about vaccines, lack of education, lack of knowledge about vaccines, and the distance between Posyandu Nilla A and Posyandu Nila B, some argue that it is the same whether they want to carry out immunization or not, they will still experience fever, some say the reason is related to religion. This intervention aims to provide education to mothers who do not have access to basic health services. The method used is a lecture method using booklet media which provides direct information to mothers of babies and young children through open interaction. The results of the intervention showed that 81.0% of mothers had good knowledge and 19.0% of mothers had poor knowledge. The conclusion from this intervention is that most mothers know about vaccinations for their children, and it is hoped that good knowledge can help support good vaccinations for their children

The stochastic SEIR model offers an innovative approach to understanding the spread of infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis, in limited populations. This study adopts a stochastic model to capture random variability in individual interactions, often overlooked in deterministic models. The population is divided into four main categories: Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Infected (I), and Recovered (R), with transitions between categories determined by probabilities based on epidemiological parameters. Through simulations, the model demonstrates its capability to depict more realistic patterns of disease spread, including fluctuations in case numbers and epidemic duration. The findings indicate that stochastic variability plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission, especially in small populations or when the number of individual contacts is limited. The stochastic SEIR model can serve as an effective tool for policymakers to evaluate various intervention strategies, such as vaccination, transmission control, and treatment, as well as to design public health policies that are data-driven and adaptive to epidemiological uncertainties.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of vaccination programs in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases in low-income countries. By analyzing immunization coverage data and disease prevalence rates, the research highlights the successes and challenges faced by vaccination initiatives. The findings indicate that comprehensive vaccination campaigns significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates, emphasizing the need for sustained investment and community engagement to improve public health outcomes.

This article assesses the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns in controlling the spread of infectious diseases, focusing on recent outbreaks of measles and influenza. Through a comparative analysis of vaccination rates and disease incidence in different regions, the study identifies key factors contributing to successful vaccination efforts. The findings emphasize the importance of public awareness and accessibility in achieving high vaccination coverage to prevent outbreaks.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common disease of the female reproductive system worldwide. The incidence of cervical cancer in the world is entering a critical period, where every year the incidence of cervical cancer is increasing. Until now, cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in developing countries. Aim: To find out about women's knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer. Method: Scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley frameworks, using databases from PubMed, EBSCO and Wiley. Result: A total of 14 articles from 2016-2021 used critical appraisal from JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute). Women's knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer have six themes. The first theme is knowledge about cervical cancer which consists of knowledge about risk factors, signs and symptoms and early detection of cervical cancer. The second theme is the attitude of women towards cervical cancer consisting of positive and negative attitudes. The third theme is the factors that influence knowledge consisting of age, education, family income and sexual frequency. The fourth theme of factors that influence attitudes is age and education. The fifth theme of information sources consists of mass media, family and friends, health workers and health services. Theme six is the barriers to accessing information and services consisting of a lack of awareness and the high cost of vaccination. Conclusion: Knowledge about cervical cancer in women is still low. Women only have a general idea of cervical cancer. However, women show a good attitude about cervical cancer screening, because cervical cancer can cause death and if early diagnosis of the disease is very helpful in preventing disease.