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Tobacco is a leading commodity that forms the foundation of the rural economy, but its cultivation faces challenges in the form of labour intensity, significant capital requirements, and farmers' lack of understanding of systematic cost structures. This study aims to analyse the production cost structure and evaluate the economic efficiency of tobacco farming managed by the Batu Daun Farmer Group in Batuan Village, Sumenep Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the head of the farmer group, field observations, and analysis of financial documents as secondary data. The analysis focused on identifying fixed and variable costs, as well as evaluating economic performance using the Break Even Point (BEP) and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) indicators. The results showed that the total production cost was IDR 28,597,500 (fixed costs of IDR 3,450,000 and variable costs of IDR 25,147,500) for the production of 2,800 kg of tobacco with a gross income of IDR 70,000,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.44 (>1) indicates that the business is operating efficiently and profitably, while the BEP of 215.4 kg shows that actual production far exceeds the break-even point, meaning that the business is in an economically safe zone. The results of the study conclude that the tobacco farming business of the Batu Daun Farmer Group is economically viable and efficient.

The high-value horticulture sector has gained increasing attention in modern agricultural development, particularly in the cultivation of premium melon through greenhouse and fertigation systems. The Satria Tani Hanggawana Cooperative has initiated premium melon farming to enhance members’ income; however, investment decisions in high-value commodities require a comprehensive financial feasibility assessment to ensure business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of premium melon farming by examining production costs, revenue, income, and financial efficiency indicators. Using a descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative approaches, the research was conducted through direct observation and interviews in two active greenhouses. The results show that the total production cost for one planting season reached Rp20,413,750, dominated by variable costs, reflecting the intensive input requirement to maintain product quality. The total revenue of Rp33,950,000 generated a net income of Rp13,536,250, indicating that the enterprise is financially profitable. The R/C Ratio of 1.67 confirms that the business operates efficiently, while the B/C Ratio of 0.67 indicates that net benefits remain below total costs due to reduced production caused by pest disturbances. The break-even analysis further shows that actual production far exceeded the minimum threshold required to avoid losses. Overall, the findings demonstrate that premium melon farming is financially viable, yet improvements in cost management, production monitoring, and greenhouse operational efficiency are essential to enhance profitability and long-term sustainability for the cooperative.

This study aims to analyze the influence of fertilizer prices and selling prices on the sustainability of apple farming, with apple quality serving as a mediating variable. The research was conducted in Andonosari Village, Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency, which is one of the main apple-producing areas in East Java. A quantitative approach with path analysis techniques was employed to determine both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. Data were collected from 96 apple farmers using structured questionnaires. The findings indicate that fertilizer prices do not have a direct effect on the sustainability of apple farming. However, fertilizer prices significantly affect apple quality, which in turn indirectly influences the sustainability of farming activities. Meanwhile, selling prices have a significant direct impact on both apple quality and the sustainability of apple farming. These results demonstrate that apple quality acts as an important mediating factor between fertilizer prices and selling prices in maintaining sustainable farming practices. Therefore, improving apple quality is a key strategy to strengthen the sustainability of apple farming, especially in facing the challenges of fluctuating fertilizer and market prices. This study provides useful insights for policymakers and farmers in developing strategies to enhance productivity and sustainability in apple agribusiness.

Agricultural practices that take local wisdom into account can provide significant benefits to the environment and society. Local wisdom plays a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices. Time-tested knowledge and practices can provide solutions to the challenges faced by modern farmers, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation. However, despite extensive research, a significant research gap remains, specifically how local wisdom in the Tumbang Datu Valley can be integrated into broader agricultural policies. The research used was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research aims to understand social phenomena from the perspective of participants. Initial informants were selected purposively, selecting informants deemed to have extensive knowledge of the conditions in the village under study, using a snowball sampling technique. The first step was to identify key informants, who in this study consisted of 16 traditional leaders and farmers familiar with the culture in Lembang Tumbang Datu and directly involved in the practice. The local wisdom in the rice farming process, from pre-planting, planting, maintenance, to harvesting and post-harvest, is implemented based on ancestral heritage in line with environmental conservation. Farmers demonstrate their concern for nature through natural soil cultivation, selection of superior seeds, use of organic fertilizers, and implementation of efficient planting and irrigation systems. The application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and post-harvest technology demonstrates the farmers' ability to adapt to innovation while maintaining local wisdom. Overall, the rice farming system in Lembang Tumbang Datu demonstrates the synergy between tradition and modernity, supporting food security while preserving cultural heritage.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence farmers' interest in cultivating patchouli in Toriki Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The population in this study were all patchouli farmers in Toriki Village, totaling 15 farmers. So that the sample of this study was 15 people. The measurement scale used in this study was the Likert Rating Scale (SLR). To analyze the factors that influence farmers' interest, multiple regression analysis was used. The results showed that variables (X1), (X2), (X4) influenced the interest of patchouli farmers (Y). While variable (X3) showed a negative relationship but had a significant effect on the interest of patchouli farmers (Y) in Toriki Village. The t-test showed that all variables influenced farmers' interest in cultivating patchouli because they had a t count that was greater than the t table (X1 = 7.895, X2 = 3.556, X3 = -3.708, X4 = 10.347> t table 1.81246). from the results of the f test, it shows that the four variables (X1, X2, X3, X4) have a simultaneous effect on the dependent variable (Y) with a calculated f value of 45.345> f table 3.48. The determination coefficient test (R Square) shows an R Square value of 0.948, meaning that the independent variables can explain the dependent variable by 94.8%.

This thesis examines the strategy for developing ginger farming in Kunjorowesi Village with the aim of increasing local agricultural income and sustainability. This research aims first, to identify factors that influence ginger farming income, and second, to evaluate the potential for developing ginger farming strategies that can increase income and agricultural sustainability. The research method uses observation techniques, interviews with farmers, and documentation to collect data. The analysis was carried out using the SWOT analysis model to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in ginger farming in Kunjorowesi Village The research results show that internal factors such as large areas of land, favorable land conditions, and the availability of skilled labor, as well as external factors such as supportive agro-climatic conditions and large market demand, have the potential to support the development of ginger farming businesses. However, there are also challenges such as limited capital, distance to farming locations, and interference from Plant Pest Organisms (OPT). Based on the SWOT analysis, a development strategy using the SO (Strengths-Opportunities) approach is recommended to utilize internal strengths and external opportunities. This strategy includes optimizing land use with skilled labor and strengthening cooperation between farmers, government and traders to improve marketing information.

This research aims to analyze what factors influence lowland rice production in Boronubaen Village, North Biboki District, North Central Timor Regency and to analyze the efficiency value of lowland rice production in Boronubaen Village, North Biboki District, North Central Timor Regency. The research and sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. This research will be carried out in Boronubaen Village, North Biboki District, North Central Timor Regency from June until the end of 2022. The number of samples taken in this research is 73 farmers in farmer groups. The research results show that the factors that influence lowland rice production are seeds, Klensec, Ben Subur and Urea, while land area, NPK, labor have no effect on lowland rice production in Boronobaen Village, North Biboki District, TTU Regency and that the efficiency value in the research This is 0.95, meaning that technically rice farming in Boronobaen Village is efficient

Penyelenggaraan penyuluhan pertanian belum cukup optimal, sehingga belum mampu mewujutkan sumber daya manusia pertanian yang profesional, kreatif, inovatif, dan berwawasan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penghambat kelompok tani di Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan Teknik analisis data pengamatan langsung (participant observation) dan forum group discussion. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis secara deskritif dan ditampilkan secara tabel (tabulasi), dengan perhitungan frekuensi dan rataan skor. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa Kemampuan kelompok dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya dan pelestarian lingkungan belum mencapai hasil yang maksimal, hal ini menyebabkan pengetahuan petani rendah. Keaktifan penyuluh dalam memberikan bimbingan kepada petani masih terlihat sangat kurang, disebabkan terbatasnya jumlah tenaga penyuluh dan luasnya wilayah kerja serta jumlah kelompoktani banyak, waktunya terbatas. Kemampuan kelompok dalam bekerjasama dengan mitra usaha yang mendukung kegiatan usaha tani baik dibidang sarana produksi, pengolahan, pemasaran dan permodalan.    

Penelitian Analisis Perbandingan Petani Kopi Petik Merah Sebelum dan Sesudah Covid-19 di Kecamatan Kabawetan Kabupaten Kepahiang bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan antara pendapatan petani kopi petik merah sebelum dan sesudah Covid-19 yang ada di Kabupaten Kepahiang. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan Maret tahun 2022 di Kecamatan Kabawetan Kabupaten Kepahiang dengan kelompok tani kopi yang terdapat di Kawasan Kabawetan. Analisis data yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji t untuk sampel berpasangan atau dengan istilah Paired Sampels T Test yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata-rata diantara dua sampel yang berpasangan. Uji Paired Sampels T Test ini digunakan terhadap 61 responden petani kopi yang ada di Kawasan Kabawetan.Berdasarkan uji paired sample t-tes dapat di lihat bahwa data variabel dari pendatan sebelum Covid-19 memiliki rata-rata 29.597.639,3607, standar deviasi 15.846.300,94802, standar kesalahan rata-rata 2.028.910,93186. Banyaknya sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 61. Pendapatan sesudah Covid-19 memiliki rata-rata 29.751.864,0164, standar deviasi 14.713.442,37945, standar kesalahan rata-rata 1.883.863,25534. Banyaknya sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 61. Hasil uji beda rata-rata menunjukan bahwa nilai signifikan pendapatan petani kopi petik merah sebelum dan sesudah pandemi Covid-19 adalah sebesar 0,822 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka H0 : ditolak dan H1: diterima. Dan bisa di simpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pendapatan petani kopi petik merah sebelum dan sesudah pandemi Covid-19.

Penelitian Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Usaha Tani Kopi Robusta Petik Merah di Kecamatan Kabawetan Kabupaten Kepahiang, bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat pendapatan usaha tani kopi robusta petik merah di Kecamatan Kabawetan dan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha tani kopi robusta petik merah di Kecamatan Kabawetan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2022 di Kecamatan Kabawetan, Kabupaten Kepahiang dengan kelompok tani yang terdapat di Kecamatan Kabawetan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Analisis Biaya Usaha tani, Penerimaan, Pendapatan, Uji Asumsi Klasik, Regresi Linier Berganda, Uji Kelayakan Model dan Uji Hipotesis. Rata – rata total biaya keseluruhan usahatani kopi robusta petik merah sebesar Rp. 5.573.217,90/Ut/tahun. Penerimaan sebesar Rp. 35.325.081,97/Ut/tahun dan pendapatan sebesar Rp. 29.751.864,07/Ut/tahun. Berdasarkan hasil dari uji F diketahui nilai Fhitung sebesar 1938.559 > Ftabel 2,77 dengan nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,000 pada bentuk tingkat signifikasi yang digunakan < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan secara bersama – sama variabel luas lahan, harga dan produktivitas berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pendapatan. Sedangkan berdasarkan uji T variabel harga mempunyai nilai Thitung sebesar 0,702 dan nilai Ttabel sebesar 1,672 dengan tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0,486 > 0,05 dengan taraf siginifikasi yang digunakan < 0,05 yang berarti secara parsial variabel harga tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pendapatan.