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The urgency of marriage as an effort to elevate human dignity and sustain life and progeny is regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019, which amends Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The state requires marriage registration to guarantee the validity and legal protection of the rights of married couples and their children. One important provision in this regulation is the determination of the minimum age for marriage, which is 19 years for both men and women. However, in practice, underage marriages, including unregistered marriages, still occur. This study uses a normative-empirical research method, combining written legal analysis with field data to examine the application of laws and regulations in community practice. The results show that underage marriages can be legalized by the Religious Court based on Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2019. This regulation provides legal certainty and protection of children's rights, but has also raised controversy regarding the potential legalization of early marriage. This regulation has had a significant impact on the practice of itsbat nikah anak kecil, especially at the Bulango Ulu Religious Affairs Office (KUA), by reducing unregistered marriages. However, challenges in verifying evidence, socio-cultural pressures, and the normalization of early marriage remain major obstacles that must be overcome through education and cross-sector collaboration.

Underage marriage is a significant issue in various regions in Indonesia, including Owata Village, Bulango Ulu Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency. This study aims to examine the implementation of underage marriage from a juridical and sociological perspective. A qualitative approach with descriptive methods was used to understand the social, cultural, economic and educational factors that influence the phenomenon. The results show that the main factors that encourage early marriage include deep-rooted social norms and traditions, economic pressure, low access to education, and lack of understanding of the legal and health impacts. This practice often contradicts Law No. 16/2019, which sets the minimum age of marriage at 19 years. The consequences of underage marriage include negative impacts on reproductive health, increased risk of domestic violence, and barriers to education and careers. Therefore, comprehensive efforts through community education, economic empowerment, increased legal socialization, and more effective supervision are needed to reduce the practice of early marriage and protect children's rights. This research emphasizes the importance of synergy between the community, legal apparatus, and government to provide sustainable solutions.

The purpose of this study is to find out about the legalization of underage engagement from the perspective of civil law in Indonesia. The type of research used in compiling this study is normative legal research by taking an approach that includes community legal norms and forms of legal norms contained in laws and court decisions. Furthermore, by conducting a hierarchical analysis of the synchronization between one rule and another. The results of the study indicate that the legalization of underage engagement from the perspective of civil law in Indonesia where during the engagement period the two prospective brides and grooms are not yet allowed to have a relationship as a relationship between a husband and wife, the prospective bride and groom in principle still have the same relationship with the law of their relationship between people who are not mahram who are not yet bound by marriage. Therefore, all the prohibitions that apply to the relationship between men and women also apply to them, only the prospective bride during the engagement period may not be proposed to by someone else, because she is in the engagement of her prospective husband. That the legal consequences of underage engagement will have an impact on the cancellation of the engagement itself. Talking about cancellation, cancellation means fasakh or ending the validity of something that happened previously. In addition, it will affect gender.

The Marriage Law regulates the minimum age limit for marriage is 19 (nineteen) years, but in practice underage marriages still often occur so that these marriages cannot be registered. Marriage dispensation becomes the legal legitimacy so that underage marriages can be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Marriage Law. Marriage dispensation is obtained through the courts by involving the application of civil procedural law principles, including the principle of passive judges. This study aims to obtain an overview of the application of the passive judge principle and the limitations of active judges to the application for marriage dispensation at the Soreang Religious Court in relation to civil procedural law in the case of the application for underage marriage dispensation in Decision Number 421/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Sor. The research method and legal writing are carried out using a normative legal approach sourced from primary data and secondary data. Primary data is taken through interviews, then the secondary data used comes from literature studies. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the passive judge principle in marriage dispensation cases is dynamic and adjusted to the best interests of the child. The active role of the judge in providing advice and conducting in-depth examinations does not conflict with the passive judge principle, but is an effort to ensure a fair decision and protect the rights of the child.

The phenomenon of nikah siri and underage marriage in Indonesia reflects complex legal and social challenges. Although Law No. 1/1974 and its revision through Law No. 16/2019 have set the minimum age for marriage at 19 years, the practice remains widespread, particularly in rural areas. Nikah siri, which are not officially recorded, are often performed for economic reasons, ignorance of the law, or social pressure. As a result, couples and children from these marriages face legal uncertainty, such as difficulties in obtaining birth certificates, inheritance rights, and legal protection. This research uses normative legal research methods. Isbat nikah emerged as a solution to legalize unregistered marriages, including for underage couples. However, this mechanism poses a dilemma: on the one hand it provides legal protection for couples and children, but on the other hand it opens a loophole to legitimize child marriages that violate the principles of child protection and gender equality. The role of the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) and Religious Courts is crucial in enforcing the law and preventing abuse of isbat nikah. Through this research, it is recommended that regulations be tightened, communities educated and KUAs strengthened to ensure harmony between formal law and community needs, while still protecting children's rights.

Marriage is a human right, as stated in Article 28B paragraph (1) of the Second Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, and marriage is explicitly regulated in Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage. Article 2 of the Marriage Law states that marriage must be registered according to the applicable laws and regulations. However, this cannot be fully implemented throughout Indonesia, especially in the Dsn Tanjung area, Taman Kec Jrengik Sampang. One of the factors preventing full implementation is that marriages are conducted underage. This research uses an empirical research approach, also known as field research. The purpose of this method is to investigate the applicable legal provisions and their implementation in society. The research results show that children born from unregistered marriages face difficulties in obtaining civil status and legal certainty.  

This study aims to find out and analyze the comparison of the position of children out of wedlock according to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Islamic law, community attitudes towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency. This research is a normative judicial research using primary data obtained by conducting interviews, secondary data obtained from information sources in the form of the internet, books and other written notes. This study focuses on discussing the position of children out of wedlock according to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Islamic law and community attitudes towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency. The results of the study show that (1) Children out of wedlock in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage are divided into two, namely legal children and children out of wedlock. The position of illegitimate children in the view of Islamic Law contained in the Compupulation of Islamic Law where an illegitimate child only has a civil or nasab relationship with his mother and his mother's family. (2) The attitude of the community towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency is known that the cause of children out of wedlock is due to religious differences, irresponsible couples and underage factors.

Marriage and marriage must be positioned as something sacred because it is needed to prevent early marriage. The implementation of marriage at a young age is influenced by economic factors, poverty, the effects of bad relationships, premarital sex, and spiritual maturity. This article aims to prevent underage marriage for Christian teenagers. This article uses qualitative methods through observation, interviews and literature studies. This study shows that if Christian educators are more diligent in implementing the prevention of underage marriage, then Christian teenagers will increasingly understand that marriage and marriage are God's gifts that are only allowed for everyone who has experienced adulthood. Conclusion; marriage and marriage are God's gifts that must be carried out when each person has experienced physical, intellectual, social, emotional, moral and spiritual maturity.

In the background of early marriage is an underage marriage, in this case the preparation of a child or teenager is not fully maximised, both in mental, psychological, and even material preparation. When marrying at an early age, teenagers do not have enough knowledge about marriage, family and do not know how to manage conflict well, so that it will cause quarrels in the family and make the marriage less harmonious. Character education is the process of instilling character as well as providing seeds so that children are able to grow character, especially when running life, in other words, students not only understand education as a form of knowledge, but also make it a part of life and consciously live based on that value. This research is a descriptive qualitative field research. The key informants of this research are young women who married at an early age. The method of collecting data is through observation and interviews. Based on the results of the study, it shows that early marriage has an impact on adolescents such as economy, health, education, besides that early marriage also has an impact on children's character education such as a sense of responsibility, mutual respect, socialisation.

This thesis aims to determine the age limit for marriage as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019. In this Law, the minimum age limit for marriage is set at 19 (nineteen) years for both men and women. Apart from that, this thesis also examines the factors that cause underage marriage in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts. Underage marriages are marriages that do not meet the minimum age limit for marriage as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In Law Number 16 of 2019 article 7 it is stated that marriage is only permitted if the man and woman have reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years. In this research, the author used an empirical research method, namely by going directly into the field to obtain data related to underage marriage in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts. This research uses a descriptive approach in analyzing the data obtained. Based on research results, the number of underage marriages in Paleleh and West Paleleh sub-districts is still relatively high. This is proven by the high percentage of underage marriages in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts from year to year based on underage marriage dispensation data from the KUA in Paleleh District.  Apart from that, based on research results, there are several factors that cause underage marriages in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts, including the factor of accidental marriage (pregnancy out of wedlock), and the factor of low level of education.

Religious courts are first-level courts that are tasked and authorized to examine, decide, and resolve cases at the first level between people who are Muslim, both in the fields of marriage, inheritance, wills, gifts and applications for adoption, applications for marriage dispensation for underage marriages. The research used by the researcher is a qualitative approach. Emotional regulation is the process by which individuals manage, experience, and express emotions. Emotional regulation of men and women has differences, namely that women's emotions express emotions more to maintain their interpersonal relationships so that women appear weaker, but men express them more with anger and pride so that they show more dominance.  

Marriage involves individual rights such as opinion, privacy and non-discrimination. Early marriage is the practice of marriage involving one or both partners who are still young, where both are still under the legal age or generally recognized age of adulthood. Early marriage can be influenced by various factors, namely social, economic, cultural and educational pressures. Family involvement, cultural norms, and gender inequality can also play an important role in the decision to marry early. Early marriage of minors creates a number of legal problems, which involve violations of children's rights and also gender inequality. The age for marriage must be completely mature, which is 19 years for men and 16 years for women. If both of them are still young, or you could say like young onions, their marriage will always be filled with problems. Both of them still have the same high level of ego, are still children and still only think for a few days. In Indonesia, Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning early marriage, namely the minimum age for marriage. Law no. 16 of 2019, regulates the second amendment to Law no. 1 of 1974 confirms that the minimum age limit is 19 years for men, and 16 years for women. A woman is someone who has reproductive organs which are related to the ability to give birth to children. Meanwhile, a man is someone who has reproductive organs that play a role in reproduction itself. In Indonesia, the case of early marriage is still a very serious and vulnerable issue. As reported by the KEMENKO PMK, it was stated that there were around 1.2 million cases of early marriage in Indonesia. Where, the proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married before the age of 18 was 11.21% of the total number of children. This means that around 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years were married as children. Meanwhile, around 1 in 100 men aged 20-24 years were married as children. Due to the large number of cases regarding underage marriage, the government's role must be agile and fast in dealing with important cases like this. The government must play a role in preventing how to prevent cases of underage marriage from increasing every year.    

The research entitled, "The View of the Catholic Church on the reality of Elopement at the Santa Odilia Balohili Simanaere Station of the Holy Cross Parish of West Nias" intends to find out the reality of eloping at the Santa Odilia Balohili Simanaere Station, West Nias Holy Cross Parish. Marriage is a lifelong alliance between a man and a woman in forming a family. However marriage cannot always be carried out by someone. Some of these marriages were held because they did not get the consent of their parents and because the dowry/honesty was so large. The reality today is that there are many marriages or marriages that are held outside the authority of the Catholic Church, such as underage marriages, elopements, and secret marriages that are only recognized by government law. This study intends to explain and describe the main reasons why members of the Santa Odilia Balohili Simanaere Stasi made the decision to elope in forming a new family.

Marriage is a sacred contract between a man and a woman as husband and wife, which aims to build a Sakina family. Marrying into a Sakina family requires not only physical and psychological preparation, but also social, financial, emotional and responsible preparation. Therefore, limiting the age of marriage is an important principle. This is because the Marriage Law and Civil Code clearly regulate and define the age limit for marriage in such a way that all prospective husband and wife must be truly mature physically and mentally. However, underage marriage still occurs in Bantul Village, which has an impact on family welfare. Based on the explanation above, the author formulates the problem as follows: (1) What are the factors causing underage marriage in Bantul, Malang Regency?; (2) What is the impact of underage marriage on household welfare? By using a qualitative descriptive approach to describe some of the data obtained from the field through interviews, observation, or documentation as data collection methods. Furthermore, it proceeds to the process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing by using data analysis techniques. In addition, the analysis process is also supported by literature review as a reference to refine the data obtained from practice. Such a process allows us to draw conclusions as answers to the two questions above. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the factors causing underage marriage in Bantul village are economic factors, education, parents, customs, and pregnancy outside marriage.

The purpose of this study is to find out the court's decision on the crime of adultery associated with underage marriage at the Marisa District Court of Pohuwato Regency in case decision Number 98/Pid.B/2020/PN Mar Jo. Number 99/Pid.B/2020/PN Mar and To Know and analyze the legal considerations of the Marisa Court Judges in case decision Number 98/Pid.B/2020/PN Mar Jo. Number 99/Pid.B/2020/PN Mar and what obstacles were faced in making a decision in case number 98/Pid.B/2020/PN Mar Jo. Number 99/Pid.B/2020/PN Mar on the criminal offense of adultery (Overspell) of underage marriage. The implementation of this research is empris research. In this study, researchers used a qualitative method. The author uses research that is descriptive analytical Sociological, according to Suharsimi Arikunto descriptive analytical is research intended to collect information about the status of existing symptoms, namely symptoms of the situation as it is at the time the research is conducted. In the decision on the criminal case of adultery associated with underage marriage, the judge has carried out the decision in accordance with the applicable positive legal regulations, seeing several considerations of the judge according to the defendant's statement, evidence of instructions. Based on the applicable positive law when associated with religious law, this underhand marriage is declared valid. However, in terms of the judge's decision, it has taken into account the  principle of justice. In addition, the perpetrator of this crime is legally guilty, but the judges imposed the sentence by looking at the defendant's mitigating and aggravating statements. Complex legal considerations are an important part of the process of judges handing down decisions in adultery cases, especially in the context of underage marriage. Judges must consider various legal, ethical, and cultural factors in making fair and balanced decisions.

Marriage involves individual rights such as opinion, privacy non-discrimination. Early marriage is the practice of marriage involving one or both partners who are still young, where both are still under the legal age or generally recognized age of adulthood. Early marriage can be influenced by various factors, namely social, pressures. Family involvement, cultural norms, and gender inequality can also play an important role in the decision to marry early. Early marriage of minors creates legal problems, which involve violations of children's rights and also gender inequality. The age for marriage must be completely mature, which is 19 years for men and 16 years for women. If both of them are still young, or you could say like young onions, their marriage will always be filled with problems. Both of them still have the same high level of egoism, are still children and still only think for a few days. In Indonesia Regulates the second amendment to Law no. 1 of 1974 confirms that the minimum age limit is 19 years, and 16 years for women. A woman is someone who has reproductive organs which are related to the ability to give birth to children. Meanwhile, a man is someone who has reproductive organs that play a role in reproduction itself. In Indonesia, the case of early marriage is still a very serious and vulnerable issue. As reported by the KEMENKO PMK, it was stated that there were around 1.2 million cases of early marriage in Indonesia. The proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married before the age of 18 was 11.21% of the total number of children. This means that around 1 in 9 women aged 20-24 years were married as children. Meanwhile, around 1 in 100 men aged 20-24 years were married as children. Due to the large number of cases regarding underage marriage, the government's role must be agile and fast in dealing with important cases like this. The government must play a role in preventing how to prevent cases of underage marriage from increasing every year.

Community service aims to provide an understanding of underage marriage and legal consequences according to the Marriage Law. The target to be achieved in community service is its own community, especially for the mothers who are joined of the group PKK Desa Klegen Colomadu, Karanganyar regency. To achieve the objectives that have been set in the community service, the method used is a speech which followed by question and answer session.. The speaker seeks to present the legal counseling material in a straightforward and compelling way so that it is easier to understand. The atmosphere is made as comfortable as possible so that the participants do not hesitate or embarrassed to ask. Every question is always tried to be answered. After following this activity, the community is hoped to be more understand about underage marriage and its legal consequences as regulated in the Marriage Law.Keywords: Underage Marriage, Legal Effects and Marriage Law

Darsono Village is a village located in Arjasa District, Jember Regency, East Java. The economic condition in Darsono Village is relatively low and exacerbated by low literacy skills. Darsono Village has several potentials, such as empty land, beautiful village atmosphere and various facilities in the village.  Therefore, we carry out a service program that focuses on improving the quality of formal education through the program "Edu Nature Park: Creative Education Vehicle as a Means of Improving the Life Skills of Elementary School Students with Natural Nuances in Darsono Village, Jember Regency". Edu Nature Park is a fun educational program that refers to nature in Darsono Village. The problem in Darsono Village is that there are still cases of school dropouts due to economic factors and underage marriages to the low interest in reading by the community. The majority of children in Darsono Village often use their time by playing. The method of empowering rural communities is carried out in full in the field (offline) using the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method.  

The author's reason for raising this issue into a scientific work in the form of a thesis is because there are differences of opinion among judges at the Padang Panjang Religious Court regarding the itsbat of marriage for underage marriages in determining number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP which is the woman's party. when he got married he was 16 years old. First, the marriage certificate must be rejected because it has violated the law on marriage registration and the minimum age for marriage is 19 years. Second, the itsbat of marriage can be accepted on the grounds that it is mashlahah murslahah. How does the mashlahah mursalah analysis of this determination be explored by the author in this study. The author gives limitations on the problem regarding the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges regarding Determination Number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP and the analysis of mashlahah mursalah in determining number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP regarding itsbat marriage for underage marriages. This research is an analytical descriptive research by conducting an analysis of the determination of judges in the case of itsbat marriage for underage marriages, the research uses a normative juridical research type. This is because this legal research aims to examine legal principles, using qualitative data, namely data presented in the form of verbal words, not in the form of numbers. Primary data sources were obtained from Decree Number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law. In collecting data, it is done by taking inventory of data, classifying data, and then analyzing it by conducting a study of cases related to the issues faced in the determination of number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP and the laws and regulations using maslahah mursalah to then draw conclusions from the results of the analysis. From the results of the research that the authors conducted, it was found that: First, the basis for the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in granting the application for itsbat marriage for underage marriages contained in the stipulation Number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP is Article 8 Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning the prohibition of marriage between two people who are related by blood, are related to semenda and are related to breastfeeding. Article 14 KHI regarding the pillars of marriage, namely the existence of a prospective husband, prospective wife, marriage guardian, two witnesses and consent and qabul. And for the benefit of the parties and the child, this is also in accordance with the rules of fiqh which reads "rejecting adversity must take precedence over taking benefit". Second, the legal considerations of the panel of judges in determining Number 4/Pdt.P/2022/PA.PP found mashlahah mursalah because by granting the itsbat of marriage for underage marriages, the couple can register their marriage at the Office of Religious Affairs because marriage registration aims to realize The purpose of law is for society to create order, certainty and legal protection, so that the civil rights of husbands, wives and children can be fulfilled.

Early marriage is now a serious problem not only at the national level but at the regional/regency/city level. Early marriage is one of the strategic youth issues that must be resolved immediately. One of the government's strategies in reducing the number of early marriages is the Marriage Age Maturity Program (PUP). Through this program, every government, academician, community and early marriage eradication group collaborate in the success of the program. The educational activity on Marriage Age Maturity (PUP) which was carried out at MA NW Bagik Payung Selatan went smoothly, it's just that there were a number of problems, namely in terms of the characteristics and mindset of students who still underestimate the dangers of early marriage. In addition, the environment where they live is also supportive when they do underage marriages. This service uses an interactive approach with the FGD method. Efforts to reduce the number of early marriages at MA NW Bagik Payung Selatan must be supported by the school and parents, not only the government's task so that the Marriage Age Maturity Program (PUP) can produce optimal results