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Cardiovascular dysfunction is a disorder of the blood vessels, such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. In 2016, cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death worldwide, based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death, along with stroke, as shown by the Sample Registration System survey in 2014.This case involves a 64-year-old male, Mr. N, who presented to the emergency department of RSUD dr. Fauziah Bireuen with complaints of chest pain that developed gradually and worsened over the past month. The pain was located across the entire chest and radiated to the back and neck. The pain was described as severe, like being crushed by a heavy load, worsened during strenuous activities such as cutting grass and chopping wood, and relieved when the patient bent forward. The pain could occur at any time, with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 10 (severe pain). The patient also reported easy fatigue during heavy physical activity over the past month. Laboratory examination revealed elevated leukocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), segmented neutrophils, troponin I, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The patient was diagnosed with extensive anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) post successful fibrinolytic therapy.

The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease underscores the need for simple, low-cost, and community-applicable screening indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the association between basic anthropometric parameters and blood pressure, metabolic indicators, and renal function among adults in the Badui Luar community. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 41 participants who underwent anthropometric assessment, biochemical measurements, and blood pressure evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine linear associations between variables. The results demonstrated that neck circumference exhibited significant correlations with dyslipidemia components, including LDL (r = 0.377), TC/HDL ratio (r = 0.516), and HDL (r = –0.433), indicating cervical adiposity as a strong marker of atherogenic risk. Calf circumference showed protective correlations with fasting glucose (r = –0.352) and eGFR (r = 0.322), suggesting the metabolic relevance of peripheral muscle mass in glycemic regulation and renal status. Body mass index showed a weak correlation with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.149), whereas waist and hip circumferences exhibited mild, clinically insignificant correlations with triglycerides and total cholesterol. Overall, these findings highlight that simple anthropometric measures—particularly neck and calf circumference—may serve as early indicators of cardiometabolic and renal risk in community-based screening. Further longitudinal studies with larger and more heterogeneous populations are required to validate these associations and determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators.

Introduction: Triglycerides are a lipids fractions that play an important role in energy metabolism, but high levels in the blood are strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia tends to increase, including in urban area such us West Jakarta which have high risk consumption patterns. This community service activity aimed to raise public awareness about the importance  lipid profile management with screen triglyceride levels in community of Kelurahan Kota Bambu. Method: The activity was conducted in June 2025, involving 168 adult participants. The method was used was health education on the role of triglycerides and their risk,, followed by laboratory testing using the Nesco BL-101 5in1 Lipid Panel Monitoring System. Triglyceride level was classified into normal, borderline, high, and very high categories according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Results: The average triglyceride level of the participants was 181.21 mg/dL, with a range of 47–830 mg/dL. The triglyceride levels of the majority of participants were in the normal category, but the proportion with high and very high triglyceride levels was significant, indicating the existence of a risk group that needs attention. Conclusion: This activity confirms that simple triglyceride testing at the community level can be an effective step in early detection, education, and prevention

Dyslipidemia is a health problem characterized by impaired fat metabolism in the body, characterized by changes in blood lipid levels, either increasing or decreasing. This condition is generally seen through increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This imbalance in the lipid profile, if persisted over the long term, has the potential to accelerate the formation of atherosclerotic plaque on artery walls, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) ethanol extract microcapsules in reducing cholesterol levels in white rats induced by a high-fat diet. The high-fat diet is formulated from a mixture of beef fat, eggs, and lard to increase cholesterol levels in a controlled manner. After the induction phase, the rats were divided into six treatment groups: a negative control group, a positive control group (simvastatin 0.36 mg), and three treatment groups with doses of papaya leaf ethanol extract microcapsules of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. The treatment was given orally for 14 consecutive days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed that administration of papaya leaf extract microcapsules significantly reduced cholesterol levels. The 0.50% dose provided the most optimal effect, with a reduction reaching 77 mg/dL, greater than the simvastatin group. However, increasing the dose to 0.75% did not show a significant additional reduction effect, indicating an optimal dose-response point. Therefore, the 0.50% concentration can be considered the most effective dose and has the potential to be developed as an alternative natural cholesterol-lowering therapy. These findings also strengthen the potential use of papaya leaves as a bioactive source to support efforts to prevent and control dyslipidemia.  

Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accompanied by decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This condition is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and stroke. One plant with potential as an antidyslipidemic agent is bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum). These leaves are known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. The potential of natural compounds from medicinal plants to reduce blood cholesterol levels has gained significant attention in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulated ethanol extract of bay leaves in reducing total cholesterol levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by a high-cholesterol diet. The experimental study design employed was a laboratory-based true experimental method with a post-test control group design. A total of 25 male rats were used and divided into six groups: normal control, negative control (high cholesterol diet without therapy), positive control (simvastatin), and three groups treated with bay leaf extract microencapsulates at doses of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The treatment was given for 14 days, then total cholesterol levels were measured using an enzymatic method. The results showed that the group with a dose of 0.75% experienced the highest decrease in total cholesterol levels, namely -70 mg/dL, greater than the simvastatin group (-49 mg/dL). Statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA showed a significant difference compared to the negative control (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the 0.75% dose of microencapsulated Syzygium polyanthum extract demonstrated an effect equal to or greater than simvastatin. Thus, it can be concluded that bay leaf ethanol extract microencapsulates are effective in reducing total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. This suggests that Syzygium polyanthum microencapsulation has the potential to be developed as an alternative phytotherapy for cholesterol reduction.

Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by an increase or decrease in blood plasma fat levels. This condition includes high levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In general, dyslipidemia is divided into two types: primary, which is influenced by genetic factors, and secondary, which is caused by other diseases or an unhealthy lifestyle. Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, making its prevention and treatment very important. In this study, male white mice were used and induced with a high-fat diet to trigger dyslipidemia. The test animals were then divided into six groups: a negative control, a positive control (given simvastatin at a dose of 0.36 mL/day), and three treatment groups with microcapsules of Chinese betel leaf herb ethanol extract (EEHSC) at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The treatment was administered orally for 14 days. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment using a digital cholesterol tester and laboratory analysis to ensure more accurate results. The results showed a decrease in cholesterol levels with varying percentages in each group. The negative control decreased by 24.8%, the positive control by 36.1%, the 0.25% EEHSC by 24.1%, the 0.5% EEHSC by 34.7%, and the 0.75% EEHSC by 45.5%. This indicates that the 0.5% EEHSC treatment produced cholesterol reductions almost comparable to simvastatin. Interestingly, the highest effect was observed in the 0.75% group, indicating a dose-dependent response. In contrast, the 0.25% concentration only produced a less than optimal effect. Thus, microcapsules of ethanol extract of the Chinese betel leaf herb have potential as an alternative agent for lowering cholesterol levels, particularly in dyslipidemia. These findings suggest that natural-based therapies could complement conventional treatments in managing lipid disorders.

Diabetic foot ulcers represent one of the most serious long-term complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, often contributing to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, while significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Among the various underlying causes, peripheral neuropathy and vascular disorders (vasculopathy) are frequently linked to dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, along with the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A descriptive retrospective approach was used by analyzing medical record data collected from Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital in Ternate. The findings indicated that the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes were aged 45 years or older (80%) and were predominantly female (60%). In terms of lipid profiles, most patients exhibited normal total cholesterol levels (82.2%) and normal triglyceride levels (51.1%). Despite these normal lipid values, a significant portion of the patients (53.3%) were identified as being at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers. These results suggest that while dyslipidemia is commonly implicated in the development of diabetic foot complications, normal lipid levels do not necessarily eliminate the risk. The study concludes that the typical profile of type 2 DM patients includes those aged ≥ 45 years, females, and individuals with normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels who are still susceptible to diabetic foot ulcers. This highlights the multifactorial nature of diabetic foot ulcer development and underscores the importance of comprehensive risk assessments beyond lipid profile evaluation alone in diabetic patient care.

Dyslipidemia is a major public health risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This condition is characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, including LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Hypercholesterolemia is often asymptomatic, resulting in many undiagnosed cases until cardiovascular complications occur. The rising prevalence of dyslipidemia, especially in low- and middle-income countries, underscores the importance of screening and prevention to reduce the risk of long-term complications. This community service activity involved 49 adult participants in Danau Sunter, North Jakarta, with cholesterol and HDL level screening conducted through blood tests by trained health workers. The results showed that 29 participants (59.18%) had abnormal cholesterol levels, and 22 participants (44.9%) had low to very low HDL levels. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, increased physical activity, and controlling other risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, can help lower cholesterol levels. Routine cholesterol screening is highly effective for early detection of dyslipidemia risk, enabling timely preventive interventions to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Hypertriglyceridemia is a metabolic condition that often occurs in the elderly and contributes greatly to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart attack, and acute pancreatitis. This condition often does not show symptoms in the early stages, so regular triglyceride level checks are an important step for early detection. The Community Service Program (PKM) at Panti Werdha Hana aims to increase awareness of the elderly about the importance of early detection of dyslipidemia through blood triglyceride level screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach which includes lipid profile examination and educational counseling on risk factors and prevention of hypertriglyceridemia. Of the 76 elderly participants, it was found that 33 people (43.42%) had high triglyceride levels, while 43 people (56.58%) showed normal levels. These results emphasize the importance of routine checks and education to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease and support a healthier and more independent quality of life for the elderly.

Nutritional problems such as obesity warrant serious attention, due to their potential to contribute to various other health complications. One modifiable factor associated with obesity that can be targeted through intervention is dietary pattern, including adoption of vegetarian diet. Several previous studies have suggested that vegetarian diets may be effective in promoting weight loss. This study aims to examine the potential role of vegetarian diets in the management of obesity. The method employed in a literature review of relevant studies published within the last ten years. The findings indicate that vegetarian diets are effective in reducing body weight, insulin resistance, blood glucose levels, trimethylamin N-oxide (TMAO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol levels. Additionally, they are associated with increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and improvements in lipid profiles, as well as kidney and liver function. Nevertheless, the implementation of vegetarian diets among individuals with obesity should be carefully supervised and planned by qualified professionals to minimize the risk of nutritional deficiencies.

Triglycerides are an important metabolic indicator associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia often develops without symptoms but contributes to the accumulation of atherogenic lipids. This activity involved 104 adult participants who underwent triglyceride level examination using Point-of-Care Testing (POCT). Education was delivered individually using a leaflet containing information on the relationship between high-calorie food intake and increased triglyceride levels, as well as recommendations for replacing energy-dense foods with healthy foods. A total of 47.1% of participants showed triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL, while the other 52.9% had normal levels. The average triglyceride level of 159.1 mg/dL reflects the hidden metabolic risk in the population. Education was provided based on the results of the examination to encourage the selection of low-calorie foods and increased fiber consumption. Triglyceride level examination is useful as an early screening for hypertriglyceridemia in the community. Education about high-calorie food consumption plays an important role in reducing metabolic risk and supporting the prevention of cardiovascular disorders through a healthier diet.

High blood triglyceride levels indicate impaired fat metabolism and can trigger atherosclerosis, making hypertriglyceridemia a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and acute pancreatitis. The productive-age population often experiences overnutrition due to unhealthy diets and low physical activity, increasing fat and triglyceride accumulation. Stress may also elevate triglyceride levels, necessitating early screening. The Community Service Program (PKM) at Assisi Church aimed to raise awareness of early dyslipidemia detection through triglyceride screening using Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) and educational counseling. Among 76 participants, 39 (57.35%) had high triglyceride levels, while 29 (42.65%) were normal. These findings highlight the importance of regular check-ups and continuous education to reduce cardiometabolic risks and promote healthier lifestyles.

Hypertriglyceridemia is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated triglyceride levels in the blood and is closely related to cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Routine blood tests play an important role in detecting unnoticed lipid disorders, especially in individuals without clinical symptoms. Triglyceride screening was performed on 91 adult participants using the point-of-care testing (POCT) method. Education was provided through leaflets containing information on lifestyle and dietary patterns that affect triglyceride levels. The results were classified and analyzed to identify risk distribution and as a basis for health education. The mean triglyceride level of participants was 137.8 ± 77.1 mg/dL (range 45–463 mg/dL). Most participants showed values ​​within the normal range, but individuals with very high levels were found, indicating hidden metabolic risks that require clinical attention. Early detection of triglyceride levels accompanied by education based on examination results is a strategic step in preventing hypertriglyceridemia. Community intervention through education and the formation of healthy habits contributes to controlling the risk of non-communicable diseases in the adult population.

. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) assesses coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and predicts acute coronary events. Metabolic markers like LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, and TG/HDL ratio play critical roles in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. Elevated LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and uric acid contribute to plaque formation, inflammation, and vascular damage, while high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol exacerbate atherogenesis. This study explores the relationship between these markers and FRS to enhance CHD risk prediction and support targeted cardiovascular interventions. This study analyzed LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, and TG/HDL ratio with Framingham Risk Score in 85 participants, excluding those with incomplete data or chronic illnesses. The analysis found significant correlations between metabolic parameters and the 10-year myocardial infarction risk. LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid showed moderate positive associations with cardiovascular outcomes, while the triglyceride-to-HDL ratio and fasting blood glucose had weaker but significant correlations. These findings highlight lipid profiles and metabolic markers as key contributors to cardiovascular risk. This study highlights significant correlations between LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio with 10-year cardiovascular risk. These findings emphasize the importance of lipid profiles, glycemic control, and metabolic markers in predicting coronary outcomes and guiding targeted preventive interventions for improved cardiovascular risk management.

Diabetes mellitus is gathering disease metabolic with hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both of them . Loss central type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance in muscles and liver as well failure pancreatic beta cells . Purpose This research is to find out How extract ethanol leaf stalk palm affect the lipid values of diabetic rats. Type This research is a experimental . This research is divided into 6 groups with different treatment​ namely normal, control negative CMC-Na (0.5%), control positive glibenclamide (0.45mL), 125mg/kgBW extract , 250mg/kgBW extract and 500mg/kgBW extract . The results of the lipid parameter data were analyzed with SPSS 22 with level 95% confidence level Results study show extract ethanol dose 250 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW or more Lots lower level total cholesterol , triglycerides , and LDL as well increase HDL levels

Liver disease is a health problem that often goes undetected in its early stages due to the absence of specific symptoms, despite the liver's vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and maintaining homeostasis. Early detection is crucial to prevent the progression of liver dysfunction. This community service activity aimed to raise public awareness of the importance of early liver disease screening through the examination of lipid ratios (total cholesterol/HDL and triglycerides/HDL) and physical evaluation for clinical signs of liver dysfunction. The program was conducted at the Cengkareng Baptist Foundation and involved 59 adult participants. The screening included basic laboratory tests and direct physical examinations, followed by health education tailored to each participant based on their screening results. Findings revealed that 83.1% of participants had elevated triglyceride/HDL ratios and 28.8% had total cholesterol/HDL ratios above the normal range, although 100% showed no physical signs suggestive of liver disease. These results indicate the presence of underlying metabolic risks that may affect liver function. This program had a positive impact by enhancing public understanding of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups as part of health promotion and disease prevention efforts related to liver health. Keywords: Early Detection, Liver Function, Lipid Ratio, Health Education, Community Service

Hypertension is a disease that often causes death and complications related to cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11%. One of the factors that influence the incidence of hypertension is high levels of the triglycerides in the blood (hypertriglycerida). This study aims to determine the description between triglycerides levels and the incidence of hypertension in the community of Bandar Buat Village. This research was a descriptive study with 29 respondents taken using total sampling techniques from secondary data of community service in the village of Bandar Buat in 2019. Data were selected based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, the data were processed in table to generate frequency and percentages distribution. The results showed that the majority of respondents aged 18-50 years (55.1%), were women (58.6%). The results showed that respondents' triglycerides levels were dominated by hypertriglycerida (58.6%) and blood pressure classification was dominated by normotension (55.2%). Based on age, most people with hypertriglycerida and hypertension are above 50 years old. Based on sex, hypertriglycerida and hypertension both are sufferers more frequent in men. The number of percentage were 66.7%; 75% respectively. The conclusion of this research is the triglycerides level of respondents is dominated by respondents with hypertriglycerida, the majority are aged>50 years, male sex. The incidence of hypertension is high, with majority sufferers aged>50 years, male sex.

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood and serve as a source of energy. When levels rise beyond normal limits, triglycerides can become a risk factor for various health disorders. Hypertriglyceridemia requires prevention and early detection as essential steps in reducing the risk of metabolic disorders. This community service program utilized the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach to educate adults in the Krendang area on the importance of triglyceride screening and adopting a healthy lifestyle. The health education and routine screenings provided successfully increased public awareness of the risks associated with high triglyceride levels and encouraged healthier lifestyle changes. Program results showed that the community became more proactive in monitoring triglyceride levels and adopting healthy behaviors such as balanced diets and regular physical activity. Triglyceride screening and health education play a vital role in preventing metabolic disorders caused by hypertriglyceridemia, supporting preventive efforts to improve public health

This study investigated the influence of anticoagulant therapy on biochemical parameters and vascular function in patients with mixed dyslipidemia and asymptomatic atherosclerosis. Twenty-five participants were divided into two groups: a study group (SG) of 15 patients with mixed dyslipidemia and a control group (CG) of 9 healthy individuals. Baseline characteristics, including lipid profiles, inflammatory markers (osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, MMP-2, MMP-9), and clotting parameters, were assessed. The SG exhibited significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, alongside decreased HDL cholesterol and unexpectedly lower myeloperoxidase levels compared to the CG. Significant variability in biomarker levels was observed across quartiles within both groups. A strong positive correlation was found between serum TSH levels and Factor X activity, while a strong negative correlation was observed between serum TSH and PAI-1 antigen levels in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Clotting times, assessed using the thromboplastin generation test with inosithin, did not reveal significant differences between venous and arterial samples or between the study and control groups based on the provided data. Further research incorporating quantitative clotting time analyses and a more comprehensive assessment of anticoagulant effects is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between anticoagulant therapy, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early screening of metabolic parameters such as fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, and blood pressure is essential for risk detection and prevention of complications. This community service activity was conducted at SMA Kalam Kudus II, involving education on metabolic syndrome and screening of metabolic parameters in the productive age group. The education aimed to raise awareness of healthy lifestyles and the importance of routine screening. Early detection enables preventive actions and lifestyle improvements, such as balanced diets, regular exercise, and stress management. The program's implications include long-term reductions in metabolic disease risks. Education and metabolic syndrome screening have proven effective in raising awareness of metabolic health.