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This research investigates the effectiveness of container cargo information management systems at Indonesian ports, examining the critical roles of competency training, shore-based personnel capabilities, and technology adoption in determining system performance and operational outcomes. Container terminals increasingly rely on sophisticated information systems including Terminal Operating Systems (TOS), Port Community Systems (PCS), and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for coordinating complex cargo operations, yet system effectiveness depends not solely on technology sophistication but critically on personnel competency, training adequacy, and human-technology integration. Through qualitative analysis involving terminal operators, port information system managers, shore-based operational personnel, training coordinators, and technology providers, this study examines how the interplay between human capabilities and technological capabilities determines information system effectiveness. Results demonstrate that comprehensive competency training programs can improve system utilization effectiveness by 45-65%, reduce operational errors by 50-70%, and enhance productivity by 25-40% through better human-technology integration. Key challenges include inadequate training investment, high personnel turnover, technology complexity exceeding user capabilities, and organizational resistance to systematic training programs. Findings reveal that container terminal information system effectiveness depends fundamentally on sociotechnical system optimization addressing both technological infrastructure and human capability development through sustained competency building programs. This research contributes to port operations literature by providing evidence-based frameworks for human factors integration in port technology implementation.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of bulk cement loading processes on the operational performance of vessels agented by PT. Pelayaran Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. Bulk cement loading is a complex logistical activity at specialized port terminals that requires intensive coordination between the vessel, agency, and terminal to comply with international safety standards such as the IMSBC Code. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including direct field observations, interviews with the company's operational staff, and documentation studies conducted during the internship period. The research findings indicate that loading effectiveness is significantly influenced by the readiness of cargo handling equipment, such as pneumatic or conveyor systems, as well as the timeliness of agency administration in processing ship documents. Although the process generally runs well, obstacles were identified in the form of technical malfunctions of loading equipment and weather factors that frequently hinder operational speed. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that enhancing technical supervision and strengthening communication between the agent and port terminal authorities are crucial to minimizing vessel dwelling time, thereby optimizing operational performance and cost efficiency for ship owners.

The decline in the performance of the die casting machine in 1998 after a long period of producing copper terminals showed dimensional defects and instability in product quality, especially in nozzle clogging, reduced copper flow, crust buildup on the gooseneck, plunger movement obstruction, and hydraulic pressure leaks. The purpose of planning the replacement and repair of die-casting machine components is to obtain replacement and repair costs, replacement and repair schedules for the period 2026, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The replacement and repair planning method includes collecting previous maintenance data, applying the inspection-replace-repair-overhaul (IRRO) method, evaluating component conditions, predicting component service life, predicting labor costs, predicting supporting equipment to be used in maintenance, predicting the time to replace spare parts or reinstall repaired components, estimating replacement and repair costs for the period 2026, and calculating the ratio of replacement and repair costs to profits. The planning results obtained replacement and repair costs for the 2026 period are 75.770.000,- IDR with an estimated die casting machine rental rate of  1,500,000 IDR/hour which has the potential to be rented for 1,200 hours/year, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits is 10,02 % which implies that the die casting machine with a capacity of 40 units/hour is still suitable for use and has the prospect of generating profits for the next few years.

This study presents a high-accuracy real-time soft failure detection framework for large-scale fiber-to-the-home(FTTH) optical access network using a hybrid ensemble of Isolation Forest and One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCVSM). The proposed model was trainde and validated on a real-word multivariate performance dataset comprising more than 1.8 million samples collected at 5-minute intervals from 50 Optical Line Terminal (OLTs) and over 3,000 Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) across a five-month periode(June-October 2025). Ground-truth validation was performed using 111 confirmed network incidents in October 2025 affecting 12,990 customer. The hybrid ensemble achieved Precision 0.940, Recall 0.982, with an average detection delay of only 7.8 minutes-representing an 87.7% reduction compared to conventional manual response (63.5 minutes). The framework significantly outperforms traditional threesholding and recent ML-based methods while demonstrating practical deployability in live operational enviroments.

This quantitative study analyzes the influence of Ship Docking Schedule (X1), Port Availability (X2), and Loading and Unloading Productivity (X3) on Vessel Waiting Time (Y) at Tanjung Intan Cilacap Port. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 86 vessel crew respondents and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression (SPSS v.26). The t-test results indicate that X1, X2, and X3 individually exert a positive and significant influence on Y.1 The regression model demonstrates robust predictive power, explaining 55.2% of the variance in vessel waiting time (R^2{adj}=0.552). Based on the standardized beta coefficients, the Ship Docking Schedule (X1, \beta=0,385) is identified as the most dominant factor, followed by Loading and Unloading Productivity (X3, \beta=0,302) and Port Availability (X2, \beta=0,307).1 This finding confirms that optimizing maritime logistics performance, particularly in bulk terminals facing physical constraints, requires prioritizing procedural efficiency and scheduling accuracy.

The increasing transportation activity in urban areas contributes significantly to air pollution, particularly through emissions containing Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂). This reactive oxidizing gas can cause respiratory disorders and eye irritation, especially among high-risk groups such as permanent vendors working in bus terminals. This study aimed to analyze the environmental health risks of NO₂ exposure and identify related health complaints among permanent vendors at Brawijaya Bus Terminal, Banyuwangi Regency. A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted and analyzed using the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method. Secondary data on NO₂ concentrations were obtained from the Banyuwangi Environmental Agency (average 0.00874 mg/m³), while primary data on respondent characteristics and health complaints were collected through questionnaires involving 10 permanent vendors. The results showed that the Risk Quotient (RQ) values for both realtime and lifetime exposure were below 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk. However, 60% of respondents reported coughing, 30% experienced shortness of breath, and 40–60% reported eye irritation. These findings indicate potential long-term health effects even though NO₂ levels remain below national air quality standards. Regular air quality monitoring, vehicle emission control, and health education for vendors are recommended to reduce exposure risks in transportation environments.

A crane is a mechanical device used to move loads from one location to another, with gantry cranes being one of the most commonly used types in the industrial sector, particularly at container terminals. While offering numerous benefits, the use of gantry cranes also presents several risks, such as potential structural failure of the crane, falling loads due to damage to hooks or ropes, and collisions with other objects. Additionally, lifting loads beyond the crane’s capacity can lead to equipment damage and even fatal accidents caused by electric shocks or adverse weather conditions like strong winds and rain. This study aims to identify and minimize workplace accident risks by applying the SWIFT (Structured What-If Technique) method. This method identifies hazards through the "what if" approach and evaluates risks using the Risk Rating Number (RRN), which measures the severity and likelihood of potential hazards. The results of this study show that ARTG and STS gantry cranes have 25% of hazards in the priority one category, while RTG has 20% of hazards in the same priority. From these findings, it can be concluded that risk mitigation should be focused on the ARTG and STS types, which show higher risk proportions. The recommendations from this study are to enhance safety procedures, provide continuous training for operators, and conduct regular crane maintenance to reduce the potential for accidents. By implementing these mitigation measures, it is hoped that workplace safety will be maintained and the risk of workplace accidents at the Semarang Container Terminal can be minimized.

This study aims to analyze the operational feasibility of providing child-friendly recreational facilities at airport terminals to enhance service quality or Level of Service (LoS). A qualitative approach based on a literature review was used to examine various sources and previous research to evaluate the urgency, impact, as well as design and implementation strategies for child-friendly facilities at airports. Facilities such as play areas, breastfeeding rooms, and child-friendly toilets are expected to improve the experience of passengers, particularly families traveling with children, by providing additional comfort during their time at the airport. The findings indicate that the presence of these facilities significantly contributes to improving user perceptions of the airport’s service quality. The psychological comfort of family passengers is also enhanced, with safe and comfortable spaces for children. This not only creates a more inclusive environment but also provides operational benefits such as better terminal space management and efficiency. Child-centered design plays a crucial role in improving facility quality, where modular design is seen as a practical solution to adapt the facilities to the evolving needs of the terminal. Moreover, collaboration with private sectors is considered a strategic approach to support the provision of these facilities, given the substantial investment required. The study concludes that investing in child-friendly facilities at airports is a strategic decision, as it has the potential to enhance the airport's competitiveness. Well-designed facilities also improve user satisfaction and create a more comfortable travel experience. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for airport managers and provide a foundation for future research that quantitatively measures the impact of these facilities.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Terminal Inspection Service (TIS) Unit in supervising landside facilities at Minangkabau International Airport. Landside facilities include passenger terminals, drop-off areas, parking lots, and other public spaces that serve as key interaction points between airport services and users. Effective supervision of these areas is essential to ensure safety, comfort, and order within the airport environment. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed in this research, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with TIS personnel and related stakeholders, as well as documentation analysis of existing regulations and supervision procedures.The findings reveal that the TIS Unit plays a strategic role in maintaining service quality and the security of landside facilities. This role is carried out through regular monitoring activities, early detection of potential disruptions, and the handling of various violations in public areas. However, the implementation of TIS duties still faces several challenges. These include limited personnel, which restricts comprehensive supervision of all areas; slow response from relevant units when operational issues are reported; and low discipline and compliance among service users, which further complicates enforcement efforts.To enhance the effectiveness of supervision, this study proposes several recommendations. These include strengthening inter-unit coordination within the airport, providing ongoing training for TIS personnel to improve competency and responsiveness, and implementing an integrated digital reporting system to streamline reporting and follow-up processes. Such measures are expected to support more optimal and sustainable supervision of landside facilities at the airport.

The rapid increase in Ro-Ro (Roll-On/Roll-Off) vessel and vehicle traffic at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, has exposed critical inefficiencies in port operations, particularly at key berths such as Jamrud Utara and Jamrud Selatan. These inefficiencies manifest as prolonged queuing times for Ro-Ro vessels and land-based vehicle congestion, leading to delays in cargo handling and increased operational costs. This study aims to evaluate the operational performance of Ro-Ro terminals based on queue time indicators for both Ro-Ro vessels and vehicles. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, the research integrates the M/M/c queuing model and Fishbone Diagram analysis to identify systemic causes of operational delays and overcapacity. The study reveals that berth utilization rates exceed 75%, indicating saturation, while limited buffer zones and disorganized traffic flow exacerbate vehicle queues. As a case study, the findings offer data-driven insights and practical recommendations, including schedule optimization, dedicated traffic lanes, and infrastructural upgrades to mitigate congestion. The proposed framework not only enhances service efficiency at the port but also contributes to broader logistics performance in Eastern Indonesia. By combining classical queuing theory with root cause analysis, this research introduces a methodological synergy that can be replicated across other Ro-Ro terminals facing similar challenges. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated port traffic management and infrastructural adaptability in response to growing maritime logistics demands.

Terminals serve as transportation nodes that play a vital role in supporting community mobility and urban economic activities. As the capital city of Papua Province with a population of 420,577 inhabitants, Jayapura City requires an efficient transportation system to support increasingly dynamic social and economic activities. Entrop Terminal, as a Type A Terminal and the main transportation hub of Jayapura City, serves various transportation modes ranging from inter-city inter-provincial transport, cross-border transport, intra-provincial inter-city transport, urban transport, to rural transport. However, there is a significant problem where users prefer to wait for public transportation outside the terminal due to long queues inside the terminal, creating a shadow terminal phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the facilities available at Entrop Type A Terminal in relation to the quality of services provided to users. This evaluation is important to identify facility and service deficiencies that cause users to be reluctant to use the terminal optimally. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for facility improvements and service quality enhancement at Entrop Terminal, so that it can function optimally as the main transportation hub and reduce the shadow terminal problems occurring in Jayapura City.

This study aims to examine and describe the extent to which the optimization of public services in the transportation sector is implemented by the Gorontalo Regency Transportation Agency. The approach used is qualitative research with descriptive methods, in order to deeply understand the practices of transportation policies at the regional level. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation of the activities and policies implemented. The results of the study indicate that the optimization of public services in the transportation sector has been taking place progressively based on three main indicators. First, service effectiveness is reflected in the implementation of regulations in accordance with the law, such as controlling private vehicles parked haphazardly to reduce congestion and routine inspections of public vehicles to ensure safety aspects. Second, efficiency is achieved through technical supervision of vehicles that are not roadworthy, including brake conditions, tire wear, and completeness of route permits, as part of efforts to reduce operational risks and improve service quality. Third, productivity increases through the use of digital technology in socialization activities and the provision of supporting infrastructure such as bus stops, terminals, adequate roads, and traffic signs. These findings indicate that the Gorontalo Regency Transportation Agency has implemented a transportation service optimization strategy that is adaptive and oriented to community needs.

Law enforcement against the Self-Interest Terminal (TUKS) in Tanjung Pinang City is an important issue in the context of shipping safety and environmental protection. The background of this research is based on various violations that occur in the field, such as lack of facility maintenance, non-fulfillment of safety standards, and environmental pollution, which shows the absence of suboptimal law enforcement by the Tanjung Pinang Class II Port Authority (KSOP). The purpose of this study is to assist the legal arrangements that regulate TUKS, identify obstacles in law enforcement, and provide suggestions to overcome these obstacles to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with an analysis of applicable laws and regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, Law No. 32 of 2014 concerning Marine Affairs, and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 51 of 2011. In addition, an empirical juridical approach is carried out by interviews and observations to obtain empirical data on the application of law enforcement. The results of the study show that law enforcement by KSOP Class II Tanjung Pinang faces several significant obstacles, such as limited human resources and facilities, lack of coordination between agencies, complicated bureaucratic related procedures, and low awareness and compliance of companies with applicable regulations. These obstacles result in the supervision and enforcement of violations in TUKS not running effectively. To overcome these obstacles, this study suggests several strategic steps. First, increase the capacity and resources of KSOP by increasing protected labor and providing modern equipment. Second, strengthen coordination between agencies through the formation of special forums or committees and the implementation of bureaucratic procedures to accelerate the handling of violations. Third, increasing the awareness and presence of the company through socialization and education programs and involving the public in reporting violations. For this reason, it is recommended to increase the allocation of resources, strengthen coordination between related agencies through the formation of forums or special committees, the community, especially companies that operate TUKS, must actively participate in socialization and education programs organized by KSOP Class II Tanjungpinang and the government and for the Civil Servant Investigator Position to be included in the Position Map within the Technical Implementation Unit of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation of the Ministry Transportation at KSOP Class II Tanjungpnang.    

The growth in population and the usage of private automobiles in Semarang City have an impact on the operation and performance of the Mangkang Terminal with Type A, namely the terminal's class, service evaluation, and performance. The purpose of this study is to identify terminal class criteria, service enhancements, and operational performance that requires improvement at the Semarang Terminal. For this reason, the terminal class is created in accordance with rules governing technical guidelines for defining terminal class criteria, and service and terminal performance are assessed using the IPA method. A Google form with as many questions regarding services as an evaluation of satisfaction and interest is issued to terminal users, with the primary goal of improving and determining terminal class being to identify 5 indications that are tailored to current circumstances. According to the findings of the terminal class study, the Semarang Terminal is in class 1, which is the highest priority for developing and delivering services to road passenger terminals.

Data communication is a field of science that studies the process of sending data, as well as how data can be received from sending and receiving terminals. A computer network is a set of "interconnections" between 2 or more autonomous computers connected by cable or wireless transmission media. Cisco packet tracer is a network simulation application developed by Cisco as a simulator as a learning medium for Cisco devices. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network simulation using Cisco Packet Tracer software is an effective method for understanding, designing, and analyzing P2P networks in a controlled environment. The method used is literature study and carrying out simulation practice on Cisco Packet Tracer software to simulate a network. This research method aims to outline the steps and procedures required to simulate a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network using Cisco Packet Tracer software. This abstract presents a brief view of the simulation approach used to model and examine the performance of a P2P network using Cisco Packet Tracer contains implementation steps for peer to peer network simulation. Through simulation, in-depth performance analysis can be carried out on various aspects of P2P networks, such as throughput, latency and reliability. This allows researchers and practitioners to understand how P2P networks behave under various conditions. Thus, P2P network simulation with Packet Tracer provides a useful tool for researchers and practitioners to understand and optimize P2P network performance in various scenarios.

This research examines the role of local ports in addressing challenges from public ports and special terminals in their vicinity. It focuses on infrastructure, efficiency, connectivity, and competitiveness, using qualitative analysis and a Likert scale questionnaire. Findings reveal that while local ports excel in certain areas, improvements in infrastructure maintenance, operational efficiency, and transport connectivity are needed. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, improving efficiency, enhancing marketing strategies, fostering collaborations, prioritising sustainability, and focusing on customer satisfaction. Implementing these recommendations can enhance local ports' competitiveness, strengthen their position in the maritime industry, and contribute to regional economic development.

To achieve excellent service, a company’s employees must possess certain qualities, such as a passion for work and an attitude of always being ready to assist as well as having the capacity to handle customer complaints professionally. Service to service users at Yogyakarta International Airport, both at the departure terminal and arrival terminals, is critical for passengers. One of these is transit and transfer services for passengers. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of Transit and Transfer officers’ service quality on passenger satisfaction and to identify what service quality attributes transit and transfer officers at Yogyakarta International Airport should develop. This research employed the importance-performance analysis (IPA) approach. The sample size was 100 respondents, obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who were in transit or transferring at Yogyakarta International Airport and measured using the Slovin formula. The data were analyzed using Gap analysis with the SERVQUAL method and importance-performance analysis (IPA). The research results show that the analysis of the level of conformance and the reality-expectation gap based on the five SERVQUAL dimensions of the service quality of Transit and Transfer officers at Yogyakarta International Airport is good in satisfying passenger expectations. The average gap dimension analysis indicates that the service of Transit and Transfer officers are providing satisfactory service based on passengers’ perceptions, with an average score of <-1. Based on the Cartesian diagram mapping, 6 attributes are considered important by passengers and need priority action and carry out evaluations and improvements based on the mapping results through importance-performance analysis, with the physical evidence dimension resulting in the lowest quality dimension and requiring priority improvement action.

Education Is A Very Important Aspect In Efforts To Improve The Quality Of Intelligent Human Resources So That They Can Support The Progress Of The Nation And State In The Future. As One Of The National Development Sectors In An Effort To Make The Nation's Life Smarter, The Vision Of Education Is To Create An Education System As A Strong And Authoritative Social Institution To Empower All Indonesian Citizens To Become Quality Human Beings So That They Are Able And Proactive In Responding To The Challenges Of The Ever-Changing Times. Data Source Sampling Was Carried Out Purposively And Snowball, Data Collection Techniques Used Triangulation, Data Analysis Was Inductive/Qualitative, And Qualitative Research Results Emphasized Meaning Rather Than Generalization. The Descriptive Method Is A Method For Assessing The Status Of A Group Of People, Objects, Conditions, Systems Of Thought, Or Events In The Present. This Type Of Research Tries To Explain Certain Social Phenomena. In This Research, It Starts From Designing A Ladder Diagram. An Existing Ladder Diagram Is Then Made Into A Circuit And Given A Load In The Form Of An Electric Motor That Can Be Controlled With Forward/Reverse. 3-Phase Power Source, Power/Three-Phase Mcb, R/S/T Phase, 1-Phase Mcb, Zelio, Forward And Contact Contacts, 3-Phase Motor As Output From Three Phases, Pb Stop, Pb Forward, And Pb Reverse. The Control Circuit Has Three Main Components, Namely The Zelio Sr Block, Contactor Block And Control Panel. The Three Components Are Interconnected And Coordinated By Zelio Sr As A Pc-Based Control Device. The Zelio Sr Used Is The Sr2 B121fu Type Which Has 4 Output Terminals And Has A Working Voltage Of 220v. System Design Testing In The Research Using The Zelio Plc. A. Simulation In Software. The Image Below Is The Initial Display Of The Application. Education Is One Part Of Developing High Quality Education For All Indonesian People Towards Creating A Quality Indonesian People. The Impact Of Education Is Quite Broad In Various Aspects Of Life Starting From The Economic, Social, Political, Technological, Environmental, Cultural, Educational And So On.

KM 22 of 2005 describes the application of SNI 03-7094-2005 regarding signs at airport terminals as a mandatory standard which explains that every area within the passenger terminal must be equipped with clear and easy-to-understand warning signs. Obstacles found by researchers when carrying out initial observations were finding deficiencies in installing warning signs at Terminal 1 of Juanda International Airport, Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to find out how to optimize the warning sign facility in improving passenger service at the Juanda International Airport Surabaya terminal, to find out the obstacles faced and the solutions in optimizing the warning sign facility at Juanda International Airport.             This study uses a qualitative method. This research was conducted at Juanda International Airport in Surabaya which was held in June 2023. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity test of the data used is source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions.             The results of research based on service indicators show that: (1) physical evidence (tangibles) includes an imbalance in the placement of signboards; (2) reliability includes the use of available tools and the application of clear service standards; (3) responsiveness, including responsiveness to complaints and input from passengers; (4) guarantee (assurance) includes routine maintenance, as well as providing accurate information; (5) empathy (empathy) includes providing individual and responsive services. The obstacles encountered are that the warning sign is only visible from the west side of the terminal area, but not visible from the east side, the placement of the no smoking sign is not optimal, the no smoking sign is damaged, there are instructions for using a hydrant box that is less strategic .

PT. Admiral Lines Belawan Branch is a company that operates owned vessels and is also engaged in agency services. In the sense of representative of the ship owner / principle for processing documents at the port for both arrival and departure of the ship. Ports as arrival and departure terminals for ships and cargo need to provide adequate facilities and services so that ships can be served smoothly and efficiently. Managing the arrival and departure of a ship more smoothly and efficiently cannot be separated from an application called the INAPORNET system. The position of the port as the gateway for a ship entering/leaving the port, especially from within the country or abroad or vice versa, must obtain approval from the authorized agencies at the port, such as the Harbor Master's Office and Port Authority (KSOP), Health Quarantine, Customs and Excise, Immigration. This notification is to ensure that the ship and its cargo entering/exiting the port have complied with the provisions of applicable laws and conventions. Management of the needs and interests of ships and their cargo is carried out by shipping company branches such as PT. Belawan Branch Line Admiral. In writing this paper the author used methods, literature and the internet.