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This paper discusses the concept of demand and supply, both from the perspective of conventional economics and Islamic economics. In conventional economics, the relationship between price and quantity of goods demanded or offered is explained through basic laws that are widely known. Several simple illustrations, such as the case of chili prices and children's clothes, are used to facilitate readers' understanding of the movement of the curve and market equilibrium. Meanwhile, in Islamic economics, the principle of demand and supply still applies, but is framed by sharia values ​​that emphasize justice, ethics, and social responsibility. Consumption and production are not solely directed at profit, but also consider aspects of usefulness and sustainability. Thus, Islamic economics offers an approach that is not only rational, but also morally charged.

Money in the Islamic perspective is understood as a medium of exchange and unit of account that must have real value and be used in productive and fair economic activities. In the theory of demand for money, Islamic economics has three main approaches. The mainstream school adopts the general principles of conventional theory with adjustments to sharia values, such as the prohibition of usury and the requirement for transactions based on real assets. The Iqtisaduna school, emphasizes the relationship between the monetary system and the Islamic social structure based on the values of justice and individual responsibility. Meanwhile, the alternative school criticizes the fiat monetary system and offers a concept based on intrinsically valuable money such as the dinar and dirham. The three schools also provide different views on the concept of money in circulation, ranging from an adjusted conventional monetary policy approach to a model that rejects a paper money system without asset support. This study provides a clear conceptual mapping of the differences and contributions of each school to the development of the theory of demand for money and money circulation management in the Islamic economic system.

Konsumen akan melakukan pilihan terhadap semua barang yang diinginkan berdasarkan rupiah yang dimilikinya. Suatu rumah tangga setiap bulannya akan membutuhkan berbagai macam barang dan jasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Sedangkan penghasilan yang dimiliki terbatas jumlahnya. Dengan penghasilan yang terbatas tersebut, rumah tangga sebagai pelaku ekonomi yang rasional akan melakukan pilihan yang terbaik untuk mengonsumsi barang-barang kebutuhannya. Tentu saja pilihan akan dilakukan terhadap barang yang memberikan manfaat atau kepuasan yang paling tinggi. Semakin banyak barang yang dimliki, konsumen akan merasa semakin terpenuhi kebutuhannya. Dengan demikian konsumen menginginkan membeli barang yang dibutuhkan serendah mungkin. Pandangan ekonomi Islam mengenai permintaan relatif sama dengan ekonomi konvensional, namun terdapat batasan-batasan dari individu untuk berperilaku ekonomi yang sesuai dengan aturan syariah. Dalam ekonomi Islam, norma dan moral “islami” yang merupakan prinsip Islam dalam melakukan kegiatan ekonomi, merupakan faktor yang menentukan suatu individu maupun masyarakat dalam melakukan kegiatan ekonominya, sehingga teori ekonomi yang terjadi menjadi berbeda dengan teori pada ekonomi konvensional.