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This study aims to analyze the integration of Pancasila values and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in shaping digital ethics and to examine the development of digital law through the Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory approach. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach based on relevant academic sources and journals. The findings indicate that the integration of Pancasila and PAI serves as a comprehensive ethical foundation in shaping digital behavior by reinforcing moral, spiritual, and social values. Furthermore, digital law is understood as a product of the interaction between social and religious values, which is dynamic and adaptive to technological developments. The Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory contributes to constructing a legal paradigm that is not only formal-legal but also contextual and oriented toward public welfare (maslahah). The ethical-based digital law development model integrating Pancasila and Islamic values is considered relevant in addressing contemporary digital challenges, such as misinformation, privacy violations, and cybercrime. However, this study also identifies limitations, particularly in the implementation aspect, which remains largely normative and has not been optimally integrated into concrete policies. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen adaptive regulations, develop applicable digital ethics education, and conduct further empirical research to establish a just and sustainable digital legal system.

This study aims to analyze the reconceptualization of national security in the digital era through the case of the 2021 Facebook data breach involving 533 million users across 106 countries. As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into governance, economic activities, and social interactions, cyber threats have emerged as a significant challenge to contemporary security frameworks. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using library research methods, drawing upon academic literature, official reports, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that national security has evolved from a traditional military-centered concept toward a broader and multidimensional framework that includes cyber threats as a form of non-traditional security challenge. The Facebook data breach demonstrates how cyber threats transcend geographical boundaries, involve complex attribution problems, and generate multidimensional impacts on individuals, societies, economies, and states. Through the lens of Securitization Theory developed by Buzan, Wæver, and de Wilde (1998), the incident illustrates how data security has become securitized as a matter of national and international concern. Furthermore, the Human Security framework proposed by UNDP (1994) highlights the vulnerability of individuals whose personal information becomes exposed in the digital environment. This study concludes that cybersecurity should be recognized as a fundamental pillar of national security in the digital age, requiring comprehensive strategies that integrate technological resilience, data protection regulations, human resource development, and international cooperation.

Based on the analysis, (1) the support aspect has been implemented effectively, as evidenced by strong leadership commitment, policy support, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, adequate budget allocation, and solid inter-agency coordination, although technical constraints such as network disruptions remain. Further, (2) the capacity aspect is categorized as relatively adequate, reflected in the readiness of human resources, the availability of technological infrastructure, clear standard operating procedures, and the implementation of training programs, despite the need for further enhancement of technical competencies and network quality. Lastly, (3) the value aspect demonstrates highly positive outcomes, as the Warkop Samsat program provides significant benefits, including improved service quality, time and cost efficiency, service convenience, increased user satisfaction, and enhanced public compliance with motor vehicle tax payments In conclusion, public service innovation through the Warkop Samsat program in Gorontalo City has been effectively implemented, generating positive impacts for the community. However, further strengthening of technical aspects and capacity development is required to ensure the program's sustainability.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to the criminal justice system, particularly in criminal investigations and evidentiary processes, while simultaneously raising complex legal and ethical challenges. Objective: This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the use of AI in criminal investigations, focusing on its benefits, risks, and challenges related to the admissibility of AI-based evidence, as well as the need for regulatory frameworks that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability. Methods: This research employs a normative qualitative approach through the analysis of legal regulations, a review of legal and technological literature, and a comparative approach across jurisdictions, complemented by case studies of AI applications in law enforcement practices. Results: The findings indicate that AI enhances investigative efficiency through data analysis, crime prediction, and digital forensics; however, it also poses risks such as algorithmic bias, human rights violations, and issues concerning the reliability and transparency of evidence. Furthermore, differences across legal systems result in the absence of uniform standards for the admissibility of AI-based evidence. Therefore, adaptive regulatory frameworks grounded in the principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability are required, along with strengthened human oversight to ensure that the use of AI aligns with the principles of justice and human rights protection.

The development of the digital era has significantly transformed government administration, particularly in technology-based public services. This transformation requires strengthening the principles of good governance, which include transparency, accountability, public participation, effectiveness, efficiency, and legal certainty. State Administrative Law plays a strategic role in ensuring that bureaucratic digitalization remains within the correct legal framework and does not deviate from good governance principles. This study employs a normative juridical approach with a literature review method to analyze the role of State Administrative Law in strengthening good governance in the digital era. The findings show that State Administrative Law functions as an instrument of legality, discretionary control, data protection, improved accountability, and enhanced public service efficiency. Thus, State Administrative Law is not only regulatory but also adaptive to technological developments in achieving good governance in the digital era.

Public service plays a fundamental role in fulfilling citizens’ rights and needs within modern governance systems. The increasing complexity of social, economic, and technological changes has encouraged the transformation of public administration paradigms. This study aims to analyze the evolution of public service paradigms from Old Public Administration to Network Governance, identify the key characteristics of each paradigm, and explain the shift in values and the role of the state in public service delivery. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by examining various academic sources related to public administration theories and public service governance. The analysis was conducted through content analysis and comparative analysis to identify conceptual developments and paradigm differences in public administration. The results indicate that public service paradigms have evolved from hierarchical and rule-based governance toward more collaborative and participatory governance models. Old Public Administration emphasizes bureaucratic hierarchy and administrative control, New Public Management focuses on efficiency and performance-based management, while New Public Service highlights citizen participation and democratic values. The most recent paradigm, Network Governance, promotes collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society in addressing complex public issues. These findings suggest that contemporary public administration increasingly adopts a hybrid governance approach that integrates elements of various paradigms to enhance the effectiveness and responsiveness of public service delivery.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the legality and limits of police repressive actions against protests that resulted in riots. This type of research is normative legal research with a legislative approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach. The analysis used in this study is an analytical descriptive technique. The results of the research show that the law is always used as a guideline in limiting all citizens' behavior to stay on the right path. Protests often lead to riots, destruction of public facilities, attacks on officers, and violations of public order, so that there is a criminal threat for protesters who do not maintain order and security. The regulation of police repressive actions in protests that result in chaos still needs special refinement in the context of protests, among which the substance of repressive actions must also harmonize technological developments and digitalization in security maintenance. The rules need to be updated by adding objective indicators of threats, public accountability mechanisms, transparent documentation obligations, measurable proportionality standards, and room for recovery for victims of abuse of power.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Jambi Regional Police in enforcing criminal law in the digital era, particularly in addressing online gambling offences, from the perspective of Islamic law. The rapid development of information technology has transformed crime from physical spaces into cyberspace, characterised by anonymity, speed, and transnational reach, thereby requiring adaptive law enforcement strategies. This research adopts a qualitative juridical-empirical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with law enforcement officers at the Jambi Regional Police, analysis of case documents, and examination of relevant legal frameworks, particularly Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). The findings reveal that the Jambi Regional Police have implemented several strategic measures in combating digital crimes, including cyber patrols, digital forensic investigations, seizure of electronic evidence, and inter-agency coordination. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of law enforcement remains constrained by technological limitations, complex digital evidence requirements, the transnational nature of cybercrime, and limited public digital legal awareness. From an Islamic law perspective, police actions against online gambling align with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the protection of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), property (ḥifẓ al-māl), and intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql). This study concludes that while digital criminal law enforcement by the Jambi Regional Police is fundamentally appropriate, it requires strengthened institutional capacity, integration of Islamic legal values, and adaptive policy reforms to enhance effectiveness and substantive justice.

The industrial revolution 4.0 has brought rapid advances in technology, one of which is artificial intelligence (AI). AI has the ability to imitate the human thought and action process in solving various problems. However, the implementation of AI raises legal problems related to responsibility for the negative impacts caused, such as cybercrime, information manipulation, privacy violations, and misuse of technology. Indonesia, as a country based on law, is faced with the challenge of regulating AI to be in line with technological developments. Currently, legal regulations in Indonesia do not specifically regulate the legal responsibility of AI. Positive laws, such as the Civil Code and the ITE Law, can be used interpretively, but are not enough to address the complexity of AI. Legal responsibility related to AI is debatable, whether it is imposed on the developer, owner, or user of AI. In addition, AI does not have a “mens rea” in criminal law, so that unlawful acts are more relevant to be imposed on the responsible human. To overcome this problem, legal reform or the creation of special regulations that comprehensively regulate AI are needed. These regulations must include privacy protection, data security, and criminal and civil liability due to the use of AI. With a clear legal framework, the risk of AI misuse can be minimized and its use can be optimized for the welfare of society.

Contemporary Islamic law faces complex challenges in responding to rapid social change while maintaining fidelity to authoritative religious texts. This article examines the tension and interaction between textual authority (the Quran, Sunnah, ijma’, and qiyas) and the dynamics of modern socio-cultural, political, and technological developments. Using qualitative library research, this study analyzes classical and contemporary Islamic legal thought, including maqaṣid al-shariah, ijtihad, and contextual interpretation. The findings indicate that Islamic law possesses inherent flexibility through its methodological tools, enabling adaptation without undermining its normative foundations. However, challenges arise from rigid textualism, politicization of Islamic law, and epistemological gaps between tradition and modernity. This study concludes that a balanced approach integrating textual fidelity and contextual responsiveness is essential for the relevance of Islamic law in contemporary society.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, particularly deepfake, poses significant challenges to legal protection due to its potential misuse for identity manipulation, defamation, and other cybercrimes. This phenomenon highlights a gap between technological advancement and the readiness of legal regulations in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze forms of deepfake misuse and to assess the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks in providing legal protection and certainty. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that Indonesian positive law does not yet specifically regulate deepfake technology, resulting in law enforcement relying on general provisions of criminal law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. The implications of this study emphasize the urgency of regulatory reform and the formulation of adaptive legal policies to address digital technological developments in order to ensure legal protection and justice for society.

Rapid developments related to technology are spreading rapidly in human life. The rapid development of this technology definitely brings positive and negative currents in its application. The higher the development, the greater the opportunity for negative impacts for irresponsible people. The utilization of technological developments in the financial sector is considered to greatly facilitate a person in carrying out economic activities. Armed with just one application, someone can make banking transfers, investments and their utilization in other economic activities. However, along with the ease and effectiveness of digital finance, there are also digital crimes that can harm many people in the banking world such as physing, malware, ransomware and so on. This type of research is a normative juridical research that focuses on laws and regulations to provide legal reformulation related to digital financial security finance to strengthen the defense of financial system protection in the digital sector which is very much needed in this increasingly sophisticated modern era.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly disrupted the global labor sector, including in Indonesia. The urgency of this study lies in the growing inequality in access to digital skills and the lack of legal protection for workers in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the impact of AI on employment in Indonesia and to assess the adequacy of labor regulations in addressing digital transformation. This study employs a normative legal method with a juridical-empirical approach, utilizing literature review, secondary data, and qualitative analysis of labor policies and relevant regulations. The findings reveal that while AI has the potential to create new types of employment, it also threatens conventional jobs, especially in labor-intensive sectors. Moreover, Indonesia's labor regulations have not yet adapted to new, flexible, and platform-based work models, resulting in legal uncertainty for informal and freelance workers. This study contributes to the discourse on the need for labor law reform that is inclusive and adaptive to technological developments. In conclusion, there is a pressing need for responsive labor regulation reform, increased digital literacy, and continuous reskilling systems to ensure that AI-driven transformation does not create new inequalities in the labor market. Future research is recommended to focus on formulating new legal protection models for digital workers in the AI era.

The implementation of public communication ethics codes in governmental policies encounters complex challenges in achieving optimal transparency, accountability, and responsiveness standards. This qualitative research employs library research methodology to analyze the effectiveness of public communication ethics code implementation mechanisms through normative examination of official government communication practices. Systematic content analysis of regulations, policies, and communication practice documentation reveals significant disparities between normative idealities and operational realities in field implementation. Findings indicate structural, cultural, and technological factors serve as primary determinants of implementation success. The digital era and post-truth phenomena present additional complexities in managing ethical public communication. Technological adaptation inadequacies, institutional coordination fragmentation, and organizational commitment variations influence the consistency of communication ethics standard application. A comprehensive evaluation model integrating input-process-output-outcome dimensions is essential for measuring implementation effectiveness. Recommendations encompass institutional capacity strengthening, adaptive regulatory framework reformulation, and development of communicative accountability systems responsive to contemporary dynamics. This research contributes to developing theoretical frameworks for public communication ethics code implementation within Indonesian governmental governance contexts.

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) and crypto assets has created a paradox in the global financial system: while promoting inclusion and efficiency, it also opens new vulnerabilities for money laundering offenses. Notaries, as public officials and legal professionals involved in various financial and business transactions, are at the forefront of preventing this misuse. This article analyzes the specific risks of money laundering through fintech and crypto assets and formulates the due diligence framework required by notaries in carrying out their preventive functions. The research method uses a normative juridical approach with doctrinal analysis of regulations and international standards, enriched with case studies and best practice references. The findings indicate that notaries face three main challenges: (1) difficulty in identifying parties in virtual transactions, (2) the volatility and relative anonymity of crypto assets, and (3) the gap between the speed of technological innovation and regulatory adaptation. This article proposes an Enhanced Digital Due Diligence (ED3) model that integrates digital verification technology, blockchain forensic analysis, and a dynamic risk-based approach. This framework is expected to strengthen the role of notaries as gatekeepers in the rapidly evolving digital financial ecosystem while maintaining the profession's relevance in the era of digital transformation.

The reform of criminal law in Indonesia has become an increasingly urgent necessity in line with social developments, technological advancement, and the growing complexity and diversity of crime. Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the new Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana/KUHP) emerges as a comprehensive effort to replace the colonial-era Criminal Code and to align the national criminal law system with the current conditions of Indonesian society. This new Criminal Code introduces several significant changes, including the regulation of cybercrime, protection of the environment, the reinforcement of humanitarian values, and the strengthening of the principle of limiting criminal sanctions on individual liberty in order to ensure the protection of human rights. This paper aims to analyze the direction and substance of the Criminal Code reform, evaluate its potential implementation, and assess the implications of these changes for criminal law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method employed is a literature review using a normative approach, conducted through the analysis of statutory regulations, criminal law theories, and relevant case studies. The results of the analysis indicate that the new Criminal Code provides a more adaptive and responsive legal framework to contemporary issues; however, the effectiveness of its implementation largely depends on the readiness of law enforcement authorities, the intensity of regulatory socialization, and the level of public legal awareness. This study concludes that criminal law reform represents a strategic step toward realizing a criminal justice system that is more just, effective, and aligned with the values of Pancasila.

This research aims to critically examine the ethical integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education through the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, emphasizing the alignment between technological innovation and Islamic moral principles. The methods used are a systematic literature review and thematic content analysis against peer-reviewed publications for the period 2015–2025, which discuss the application of AI in primary, secondary, and higher education. The study identified dominant ethical issues, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, accountability, human agency, and moral development, which were then mapped to Islamic ethical goals, including ʿadl (justice), amānah (belief), karāmah al-insān (human dignity), and ḥifẓ al-ʿaql (protection of reason). The results of the analysis show that the adoption of AI in education often emphasizes efficiency, personalization, and predictive analytics, but has the potential to reduce learners' autonomy and ethical reasoning. The mapping of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah shows a strong normative conformity, so that Islamic principles can be a moral foundation as well as a practical guide for AI governance. The research contribution is theoretical by bridging the literature on AI ethics and Islamic educational philosophy, as well as practical by offering an integrative framework for AI policymakers, educators, and developers. The integration of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in AI governance ensures justice, trust, inclusivity, and the development of the whole human being (insān kāmil).

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital age offers substantial benefits by enhancing efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, these developments also pose significant challenges to the protection of human rights. Issues such as privacy violations, algorithmic bias, discrimination, and opaque automated decision-making highlight the need for a strong integration of ethical values and legal frameworks in the use of AI. This study applies a normative legal method supported by literature-based research to examine the existing regulatory frameworks and the ethical principles underpinning them. The findings indicate that ethical principles such as transparency, accountability, fairness, and human-centeredness serve as essential moral guidelines to prevent AI misuse. Meanwhile, legal rules ensure certainty, establish accountability mechanisms, and provide sanctions for violations. The synergy between ethics and law forms a crucial foundation to ensure that technological innovation aligns with the protection of human rights, upholds human dignity, and supports the creation of a safe and just digital environment

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the formation of contracts in civil law, particularly through the automation of clause drafting, risk analysis, and the standardization of contractual documents. The use of AI in contract drafting raises complex legal issues, especially concerning the validity of agreements and the attribution of legal liability in the event of default. This study aims to analyze the validity of contracts created through Artificial Intelligence from the perspective of Indonesian civil law and to examine models of legal liability in AI-based contracts. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, examining the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code, particularly Article 1320, as well as legal doctrines and scholarly perspectives on digital contracts and AI. The findings indicate that AI-based contracts are, in principle, legally valid as long as they fulfill the requirements of a valid agreement, namely the consent of the parties, legal capacity, a specific object, and a lawful cause. Artificial Intelligence cannot be positioned as a legal subject because it lacks intent, consciousness, and the capacity to bear rights and obligations, and therefore functions solely as a technological tool. Consequently, legal intent and liability remain attached to the human or legal entity that uses, controls, or benefits from AI. This study also emphasizes that the primary challenge of AI-based contracts lies in the absence of specific legal regulations governing the allocation of liability among AI users, system providers, and developers, particularly when default occurs due to algorithmic errors or system failures. Therefore, clearer, adaptive, and comprehensive regulations are required to ensure legal certainty, protect the parties involved, and maintain a balance between technological innovation and the principles of justice in AI-based contractual practices in Indonesia.

Maqasid sharia is the foundation of Islamic law that needs to be reconstructed to remain relevant to the evolving times. Globalization, technological advancements, and social changes present new challenges, such as bioethics, digital economy, and social justice, which require a response from Islamic law. This article aims to analyze the reconstruction of maqasid sharia and its impact on the development of contemporary Islamic law. The research uses a qualitative approach through literature review and normative analysis. The findings show that the reconstruction of maqasid sharia should be carried out through a contextual reinterpretation of the objectives of sharia. This approach opens up broader space for ijtihad, ensuring that Islamic law remains relevant in addressing new issues. The reconstruction aims not only to align Islamic law with contemporary developments but also to strengthen its role in achieving justice and providing ethical solutions that meet the needs of modern society. Thus, Islamic law can continue to contribute to the advancement and well-being of humanity amidst global challenges.