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This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure, asset growth, and firm size on firm value in plastic and packaging sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), capital structure is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), asset growth is measured by the asset growth ratio, and firm size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets. This research employed an explanatory quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from financial statements, annual reports, and stock price data. The sample consisted of 11 companies observed over five years, resulting in 55 panel data observations. Data were analyzed using panel data regression through the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model, with model selection based on the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. The results indicate that capital structure, asset growth, and firm size have no significant effect on firm value, either partially or simultaneously. These findings suggest that firm value in the plastic and packaging sub-sector is not sufficiently explained by financing structure, asset expansion, or company size. Investors are more likely to consider other factors, such as profitability, operational efficiency, cash flow, sales growth, raw material risk, and sustainability prospects. Therefore, companies should improve financial performance, asset efficiency, cost control, and sustainable innovation to enhance firm value.

This study investigates the relationship between green practices and corporate tax avoidance, focusing on green accounting, environmental performance, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) among 19 Indonesian publicly listed companies from 2021 to 2024. The research aims to examine whether environmentally responsible strategies influence firms’ tax behavior and how sustainability practices mediate this relationship. A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from corporate financial statements, ESG reports, and sustainability disclosures. The analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and pooled ordinary least squares regression to explore the effects of green accounting, environmental performance, and CSR on the effective tax rate (ETR) as a proxy for tax avoidance. Results indicate that green accounting is positively associated with higher ETR, suggesting reduced tax avoidance, while CSR negatively impacts ETR, implying that sustainability initiatives can be strategically used to mask aggressive tax planning. Environmental performance alone does not significantly affect tax behavior. These findings highlight the importance of transparency through green accounting to promote ethical tax practices, while cautioning that CSR may serve as a reputational tool rather than a mechanism for reducing tax avoidance. The study contributes to theoretical understanding in sustainability and corporate governance and offers practical insights for policymakers and corporate managers to align environmental and fiscal responsibilities.

The increasing emphasis on sustainable business practices has encouraged companies to integrate environmental and social responsibilities into their strategic and financial decision-making processes. This study investigates the influence of Green Accounting on Firm Value and examines the moderating role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the Triple Bottom Line framework. A quantitative research design was employed using panel data from 23 energy, mining, and infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period, resulting in 69 firm-year observations. Secondary data were collected from annual reports and sustainability reports and analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings indicate that Green Accounting does not have a significant direct effect on Firm Value, while CSR also shows no significant direct influence. Furthermore, CSR is unable to significantly moderate the relationship between Green Accounting and Firm Value. These results suggest that sustainability initiatives implemented by Indonesian companies have not yet generated measurable short-term financial benefits, although they may contribute to long-term corporate legitimacy, stakeholder trust, and sustainable competitiveness. The study provides practical implications for corporate managers, investors, and policymakers by emphasizing the importance of strengthening sustainability reporting quality and integrating environmental and social strategies into long-term corporate value creation.

Financial distress has become a critical issue for companies operating in highly competitive and capital-intensive industries, making effective corporate governance and the efficient utilization of intangible resources increasingly important for ensuring long-term financial sustainability. This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance on Financial Distress and to investigate the mediating role of Intellectual Capital in this relationship. The research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using panel data from 23 energy and mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2024 period, resulting in 92 firm-year observations. Secondary data obtained from annual reports and financial statements were analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, panel regression analysis, and mediation analysis. The findings indicate that Good Corporate Governance has a significant negative effect on Financial Distress, suggesting that stronger governance practices improve financial stability and reduce the likelihood of financial difficulties. Intellectual Capital also demonstrates a significant negative effect on Financial Distress and partially mediates the relationship between Good Corporate Governance and Financial Distress. These findings imply that effective governance combined with the strategic management of intellectual resources enhances organizational resilience and supports sustainable corporate performance. The study contributes to the literature by integrating governance quality and intellectual capital into a single framework for explaining financial distress and provides practical insights for managers, investors, and policymakers in strengthening corporate sustainability.

The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, particularly those related to poverty, social inequality, and increasing environmental degradation caused by climate change. These conditions highlight the need for an instrument capable of integrating social welfare objectives with environmental sustainability. This article aims to analyze the role of green zakat as an Islamic social finance instrument in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method through the collection and analysis of various sources, including academic journals, books, official reports, and other relevant documents related to zakat, Islamic social finance, green economy, and sustainable development. The findings indicate that green zakat has significant potential to support the achievement of the SDGs through environmentally based economic empowerment programs, such as sustainable agriculture, reforestation, waste management, and the development of eco-friendly businesses for vulnerable communities. In addition to contributing to poverty alleviation, green zakat can support climate change mitigation efforts and environmental conservation in line with the principles of maqashid sharia. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limited public literacy, inadequate regulatory support, and suboptimal governance of environmental-based programs. Therefore, stronger collaboration among government institutions, zakat management organizations, and society is needed to develop a more effective green zakat model. Future studies are recommended to conduct empirical research to measure the impact of green zakat implementation on specific and measurable SDG indicators.

The community service activities aim to improve business financial management skills and student readiness in facing the 2026 Indonesian Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Festival (FIKSI). The program is implemented by lecturers of the Digital Business Study Program at Al-Irsyad University Cilacap together with supervising teachers and 26 FIKSI finalist students from SMA Negeri 2 Cilacap, SMA Negeri 3 Cilacap, and SMA Negeri 1 Maos. The main problem faced by partners is the low ability to prepare business financial reports and the use of digital technology in business development. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) through stages of socialization, training, technology implementation, mentoring, evaluation, and program sustainability. The results of the activity show an increase in student understanding and skills in recording transactions, calculating the cost of production, preparing profit and loss and cash flow reports, and utilizing digital financial applications and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support business development. In addition, supervising teachers received capacity building in assisting students in aspects of financial management and preparing business proposals. The establishment of the Smart Fintech Young Entrepreneur Community is a sustainable strategy for the program to support the development of digital entrepreneurship in schools. This program has proven effective in improving the quality of business and improving students' readiness for entrepreneurship competitions.

This study investigates the integration of digital twin technology and machine learning for predictive analysis in smart mechanical systems. The research emphasizes the role of intelligent computational frameworks in improving industrial monitoring, predictive maintenance, and operational efficiency within Industry 4.0 environments. A qualitative content analysis approach was employed by reviewing scientific literature, industrial reports, and previous studies related to digital twins, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics. The findings indicate that digital twin architectures supported by machine learning algorithms can significantly enhance real-time monitoring, fault prediction accuracy, and maintenance optimization. The integration of IoT devices, cloud computing, and intelligent analytics also improves industrial sustainability, reduces operational downtime, and supports data-driven decision-making processes. Furthermore, the study identifies several technological challenges, including cybersecurity risks, data integration complexity, and computational limitations. Overall, the proposed intelligent digital twin framework provides a promising approach for future industrial innovation and sustainable smart mechanical system management

This study examines the gap between Nestlé’s sustainability commitments and the reality of ecological damage caused by the use of unsustainable raw materials in its global supply chain. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature reviews and case study analysis, this study evaluates various data sources, ranging from scientific journals and corporate reports to documentation from independent organizations such as Greenpeace and the Rainforest Action Network. Findings indicate that Nestlé’s procurement of key commodities such as palm oil, cocoa, soy, dairy products, and singleuse plastics significantly contributes to deforestation, systemic plastic pollution, water extraction in vulnerable regions, and greenhouse gas emissions exceeding 87.5 million tons of CO₂e per year. In Indonesia, these highrisk areas are evident in palm oil sourcing in Sumatra and Kalimantan and cocoa sourcing in Sulawesi. Theoretically, this study argues that Nestlé’s sustainability governance exhibits a pattern of strategic decoupling, where public reporting on progress in primary supply chains is deliberately used to mask ongoing environmental damage within their hidden supply networks. Thus, this article makes a critical contribution by integrating supply chain management theory, environmental accountability, and the governance of multinational corporations.

Tax avoidance practices remain a crucial issue due to their potential to erode state revenue and hinder national development financing. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effect of fixed capital intensity, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, and political connections on tax avoidance practices. The research method used is quantitative with a panel data analysis approach under the selected Random Effect Model (REM) estimation. The research population covers all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2023–2024 period. Through the purposive sampling method, a final sample of 259 companies was obtained, resulting in 518 observation data over two years. The partial empirical results demonstrate that fixed capital intensity has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. Conversely, both ESG performance and political connections are proven to have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly influence corporate tax avoidance actions, contributing an Adjusted R-squared value of 10.43%. The practical implication of this study emphasizes the urgent need for tax authorities to increase oversight on companies indicated to be utilizing ESG reporting as a greenwashing strategy or leveraging political protection to avoid taxes. For corporate management, these findings serve as an evaluation to align sustainability commitments with ethical fiscal compliance.

Accountability in preparing financial reports is a crucial instrument for the sustainability of business entities, because inaccurate financial data management can hinder decision-making and harm business performance in the future. For MSME actors in the PKK Tanggamus community, strengthening financial reporting competence is an urgent need so they can map expenditure structures, record income, calculate profit, and evaluate business development periodically. This community service activity aims to improve participants’ financial discipline, particularly in separating personal assets, business capital, and gross profit, while introducing accessible office technology. The training focused on optimizing LibreOffice Calc as an alternative to Microsoft Excel with similar functions for creating transaction tables, cost recapitulations, and simple financial reports. The activity method included material presentation, software demonstrations, report preparation practice, and interactive discussions based on participants’ business needs. Training results showed high enthusiasm, improved understanding, and readiness to use LibreOffice Calc as a more organized, transparent, and sustainable financial recording tool. Thus, this activity provides practical contributions to building an accountable financial administration culture for community-based MSMEs.

Social crimes at the village level require participatory and sustainable prevention approaches. This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Sidoarjo Police Resort through its BINMAS unit and the residents of Waruberong Village in implementing the “4D” anticipation framework (Corruption, Narcotics, Bullying, and Sexual Harassment). A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing data collection through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation analysis of socialization activities and police-community forums. The results indicate that this partnership successfully shifts the security paradigm from a reactive enforcement model toward proactive collaboration grounded in education and early reporting. BINMAS functions effectively as an administrative liaison, coordinating Senkom Mitra Polri, village officials, and residents, thereby standardizing and streamlining report handling processes. The implementation of the 4D framework significantly enhances public legal literacy, strengthens trust in the DUMAS Presisi system, and encourages active community participation in security patrols and awareness campaigns. Although minor administrative challenges, such as limited reporting literacy and fluctuating attendance, were identified, they can be mitigated through structured mentoring. Overall, the 4D-based partnership model proves highly relevant for strengthening participatory security ecosystems at the village level. This study recommends standardizing educational modules, providing continuous administrative training for Senkom members, and integrating digital reporting platforms to ensure the program's long-term sustainability.

This study investigates the decoupling phenomenon between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) sustainability reporting and communal Tri Hita Karana (THK) sustainability practices in a Rural Bank in Bali. Through Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) of official documents from BPR Luhur Damai covering 2023–2025, this study identifies that the Sustainability Report (SR), prepared strictly according to Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) 51/2017, does not incorporate substantial THK practices, namely banten (ceremonial offerings) Rp131.6 million, dana punia (religious donations) Rp8.5 million, and monthly banjar (communal community unit) contributions, producing a Hindu religious expenditure to formal Social and Environmental Responsibility (SER) ratio of 10:1. Drawing on the Institutional Logics perspective, this study identifies four decoupling mechanisms: (1) cognitive, namely THK as taken-for-granted, not perceived as “sustainability”; (2) administrative, namely departmental silos between Compliance and General Affairs; (3) template, namely POJK 51/2017 provides no space for local wisdom; and (4) capacity, namely limited Human Resources (HR) and institutional capacity. These findings lead to the concept of “invisible sustainability,” that is, real sustainability contributions that are invisible to conventional reporting frameworks, and “cultural accounting gap,” that is, the absence of accounting categories for local cultural-religious contributions. The theoretical contribution is demonstrating that decoupling in Global South contexts is not merely symbolic compliance but results from structural misalignment between transnational and communal logics that renders local sustainability contributions institutionally invisible.

Drug logistics management is a critical component of pharmaceutical services that ensures the availability, quality, safety, and rational use of medicines. Inadequate logistics management may lead to stock shortages, overstocking, increased operational costs, and disruptions in healthcare services. This study aimed to analyze the drug logistics management system at Altara Simalingkar Clinic, encompassing planning, budgeting, procurement, receiving, storage, distribution, utilization, recording and reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving a pharmacy assistant technician as the key informant directly responsible for the daily technical operations of drug logistics management. Data were analyzed thematically by comparing interview findings, observations, and supporting documents. The results showed that the drug logistics management system at Altara Simalingkar Clinic generally complied with pharmaceutical logistics management principles. Drug planning was based on previous utilization data, disease patterns, and evaluations of fast-moving and slow-moving medicines. Storage practices implemented the First Expired First Out  method, while recording and reporting activities were supported by a pharmacy management information system. However, three structural challenges were identified: delays in drug delivery from distributors, limited storage capacity that does not meet WHO Good Storage Practice standards, and discrepancies between physical stock and administrative records arising from the dual manual-digital recording system. To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of pharmaceutical services, it is recommended to diversify distributors for critical medicines, fully digitize inventory recording through barcode implementation, and optimize storage infrastructure in accordance with applicable regulatory standards.

The sustainability of traditional arts organisations depends not only on cultural preservation, but also on sound financial management. The Kalijaro Taruno Mudo Traditional Dance Troupe in Karang Jati Village still faces challenges in the areas of financial literacy and management, namely the continued use of manual bookkeeping methods and a lack of financial governance. This community service initiative aims to strengthen financial literacy and management to support the sustainability of the dance troupe. The method employed is the Community Empowerment approach, which involves community-based empowerment through the stages of preparation, implementation, evaluation and follow-up. Activities included training in financial literacy, guidance on simple bookkeeping, budget preparation and financial reporting. The results of the activities demonstrated an improvement in the committee members’ understanding and skills in recording financial transactions, drawing up budgets, and presenting financial reports in a more accountable manner. Furthermore, the development of a work plan and a mechanism for periodic evaluation has contributed to better organisational governance. This programme demonstrates that strengthening financial literacy and management can support the sustainability of community-based arts and culture organisations.

Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia because it is the main raw material for tofu and tempeh, two major protein sources widely consumed by the population. However, domestic soybean production remains far below national demand resulting in heavy dependence on imports. In contrast maize is increasingly preferred by farmers due to its higher productivity and a more stable economic value. Therefore, maize–soybean intercropping has emerged as a promising strategy to improve land-use efficiency while increasing soybean production without reducing maize cultivation. This study systematically mapped and synthesized maize–soybean intercropping research in Indonesia and conducted a meta-analysis of Land Equivalent Ratio LER values reported across studies. Literature searches using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 179 eligible publications published between 1978 and 2023. Most studies focused on agronomic factors such as variety selection spacing arrangement and fertilizer management. Meta-analysis showed average LER values of 1.47 ± 0.046 for maize–soybean intercropping and 1.36 ± 0.081 for maize–mung bean intercropping indicating advantages over monoculture systems. However, inconsistencies in methodology and reporting standards limited study comparability and sustainability assessments. Future research should integrate ecological, social, and long-term economic indicators alongside standardized reporting frameworks to strengthen evidence-based intercropping recommendations nationally for sustainable agriculture.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in national economic growth, particularly in creating employment opportunities and improving community welfare. However, many MSME actors still face challenges in financial management due to limited financial literacy and inadequate understanding of simple accounting practices. Tenank Cafe Medan is one of the culinary businesses with strong development potential, yet it continues to experience difficulties in transaction recording, cash flow management, and preparing simple financial reports, which may affect business sustainability and operational effectiveness. This Community Partnership Independent Service Program (PMKM) aims to improve the financial literacy of business partners in supporting sustainable business development. The implementation methods included observation, socialization, training, direct practice, and mentoring activities focused on business financial management and transaction recording. The results of the program indicate an increase in the partner’s understanding of financial management, transaction recording, and the preparation of simple profit and loss reports. In addition, the partner has started to separate business finances from personal finances. Therefore, this activity provides a positive contribution toward strengthening business management practices and supporting the sustainability and long-term development of Tenank Cafe Medan.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in national economic growth, particularly in creating employment opportunities and improving community welfare. However, many MSME actors still face challenges in financial management due to limited financial literacy and inadequate understanding of simple accounting practices. Tenank Cafe Medan is one of the culinary businesses with strong development potential, yet it continues to experience difficulties in transaction recording, cash flow management, and preparing simple financial reports, which may affect business sustainability and operational effectiveness. This Community Partnership Independent Service Program (PMKM) aims to improve the financial literacy of business partners in supporting sustainable business development. The implementation methods included observation, socialization, training, direct practice, and mentoring activities focused on business financial management and transaction recording. The results of the program indicate an increase in the partner’s understanding of financial management, transaction recording, and the preparation of simple profit and loss reports. In addition, the partner has started to separate business finances from personal finances. Therefore, this activity provides a positive contribution toward strengthening business management practices and supporting the sustainability and long-term development of Tenank Cafe Medan.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in improving the community’s economy. However, many MSME actors still face difficulties in managing business finances. These problems were also experienced by the Samiler Crackers MSME in Betro Hamlet, Wonosunyo Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, particularly in preparing the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM), determining selling prices, and managing simple financial reports. This community service activity aimed to improve the understanding and skills of MSME actors in financial management. The implementation method used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach through observation, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. The results of the activity showed that MSME actors were able to prepare a more detailed Cost of Goods Manufactured by classifying production costs, understand selling price determination based on raw material costs and product quality, and conduct simple financial recording of cash inflows and cash outflows. In addition, simple financial reports helped MSME actors identify income levels and business conditions. This mentoring activity had a positive impact on improving MSME financial management capabilities and is expected to support the sustainability and development of the Samiler Crackers business in Wonosunyo Village.Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in improving the community’s economy. However, many MSME actors still face difficulties in managing business finances. These problems were also experienced by the Samiler Crackers MSME in Betro Hamlet, Wonosunyo Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, particularly in preparing the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM), determining selling prices, and managing simple financial reports. This community service activity aimed to improve the understanding and skills of MSME actors in financial management. The implementation method used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach through observation, socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. The results of the activity showed that MSME actors were able to prepare a more detailed Cost of Goods Manufactured by classifying production costs, understand selling price determination based on raw material costs and product quality, and conduct simple financial recording of cash inflows and cash outflows. In addition, simple financial reports helped MSME actors identify income levels and business conditions. This mentoring activity had a positive impact on improving MSME financial management capabilities and is expected to support the sustainability and development of the Samiler Crackers business in Wonosunyo Village

This study aims to determine the effect of ESG Disclosure, Environmental Performance, and Environmental Costs on the Negative Net Profit Margin (NPM) of Energy Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2022-2024 Period. The data used in this study consists of secondary data obtained from annual reports and company sustainability reports. The analysis tool used is SPSS 31 software to view the results partially and simultaneously. The results show that ESG Disclosure does not affect Net Profit Margin (NPM). Likewise, environmental performance does not show a effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). Meanwhile, environmental costs show an negative effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). Simultaneously, ESG disclosure, environmental performance, and environmental costs have a negative effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). The results show that when environmental costs are high, the Net Profit Margin (NPM) value decreases, and vice versa. Meanwhile, ESG disclosure and environmental performance do not have a significant impact on Net Profit Margin (NPM). This research contributes to company management and stakeholders in understanding the impact of environmental costs on profitability as reflected in the Net Profit Margin (NPM) return on assets ratio and provides insight in decision making.

This community service activity was conducted in Cileles Village and targeted catfish farming groups. The activity was motivated by the low level of basic accounting literacy and the limited use of digital marketing in managing catfish farming businesses, which hindered business development and market expansion. The objective of this community service program was to improve the community’s capacity in financial management through the application of basic accounting and the introduction of digital marketing as a promotional medium for catfish products. The program applied a participatory approach consisting of socialization, training in basic accounting and digital marketing, practical exercises and simulations, as well as mentoring and evaluation activities. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ understanding of financial record keeping, production cost calculation, and the preparation of simple profit and loss reports. In addition, participants began utilizing digital media as a marketing strategy to expand product promotion and reach broader markets. This activity positively contributed to strengthening managerial and marketing capacities among catfish farming business actors and supported the sustainability and development of community-based businesses in rural areas.