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Biodiversity is essentially a reflection of the number of species and individuals inhabiting a community, as seen in the Pteridophyta group. These plants, which have evolved to have differentiated roots, stems, and leaves, play an important role in forest systems, primarily as protectors of the soil surface from the effects of erosion, in addition to contributing to the decomposition of organic matter that produces nutrients, and being a major part of the producer chain in the trophic structure. The Jaboi hot spring area, located in the Sukajaya District of Sabang City, exhibits unique ecological characteristics, influenced by the presence of the Jaboi volcano, which gives rise to geothermal phenomena such as fumarole activity, hot steam emissions, and the emergence of high-temperature water flows. This geothermal dynamic directly causes alterations in the physical and chemical conditions of the local soil, thereby shaping habitat characteristics and influencing the existence of vegetation, including ferns. To date, there is little scientific information available on the diversity of ferns in this area. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine and measure the diversity of ferns in the Jaboi hot spring area. The study was conducted in October 2025 using an exploratory survey approach to determine plots and purposive sampling techniques for field data collection. Diversity analysis was based on the Shannon-Wiener index (Ĥ) formula. Based on the identification results, 15 species of ferns from a total of 6 families and 433 individuals were found. The diversity index obtained (Ĥ=2.490171) indicates a moderate level.

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of banana diversity. One of the banana plants that is widely found in Indonesia is the Kepok banana (Musa Paradisiaca.L). Kepok banana skin has a very high content of flavonoids and phenols. Flavonoids are known as good antioxidants because they can find reactive oxygen species with the phenolic hydroxyl group that flavonoids have. The aim of this research was to determine the results of the optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method on the total flavonoid content of kapok banana peel ethanol extract. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) was done to extraction flavonoid from ethanol extract of kepok banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca.L). The sample collected from Widoro village, Karangsambung sub-district, Kebumen regency. Optimum extraction condition was determined by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Box- Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of 3 factors with 3 levels extraction that is power level (10%, 30%, 50%), ethanol concentration (50, 70, 96%), and extraction time (3, 5 and 7 minutes) with 15 different runs. The research showed that optimum extraction condition was at 24,14 % of power level, 66,26% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 3,52 minutes with calculations from the Design Expert program, the total flavonoid content response was 8.491 Mg QE/g. The total flavonoid content value obtained experimentally was 8,246 Mg QE/g under condition of 30 % power level, 70% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 5 minutes. Based on the result, total flavonoid content can be significantly increased by optimizing the MAE process use RSM.

Indonesia is a country with very high biodiversity both in flora and fauna groups so that Indonesia is nicknamed the "Megabiodiversity" Country. The flora group has high diversity so that it always provides space for continuous study. This can be continued from the provincial, district to sub-district levels. Like one of the provinces in the western part of Indonesia, namely West Java. This province has a wealth of flora that is spread to every corner, including in one of the areas directly adjacent to West Bandung district, known as Jatinangor District. Jatinangor District is one of the areas in Sumedang Regency which is currently in a transitional period towards urban areas. The transition period is certainly a study that needs to be considered because it will impact on the richness of the flora in the region. One group of plants that still survives and is quite often found in Jatinangor District is the Fabaceae or legume family. Fabaceae is a group of plants that ranks third largest (after Orchidaceae and Asteraceae). This plant belongs to the Angiospermae division or plants that have flowers. This family is interpreted as having around 730 genera and 19,400 species with the largest genus being Astragalus (has more than 2000 species), then Acacia (more than 900 species), then Indigofera (more than 700 species), then Crotalaria (600 species), and finally Mimosas (500 species). Fabaceae itself is grouped into 3 subfamilies, namely Mimosoideae, Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae. ), and Soybean (Glycine max L). Soybean is the main crop grown with quite a lot of results and uniform size. In addition, there are differences in habitus, leaf shape, and leaf surface between the three types of plants. The variation in the number of samples also indicates the diversity of plant populations in the Fabaceae family at the study site.    

The purpose of this study was to determine the input analysis of Team Composition (HOCH MODEL) Lecturer of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau. Primary data wa s collected through a questionnaire as a tool to prove the results of the study, the dat analysis technique in this study used SPSS, the sampling technique that has been selected is the Descriptive Analysis method (82 Lecturer of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University). The results show that: 1) Surface Level Diversity at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University is very good with E-learning 2) Deep Level Diversity at the Lecturer at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University agrees that Deep Level Diversity can lead to good things in the Team Composition 3) Knowledge, Skills,  Ability at the Lecturer of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau agrees that Knowledge, Skills, Ability are very important when carrying out Elearning learning 4) Other Individual Diferences at the Lecturer of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau agrees that Other Individual Diferences are very important important to do in a team in carrying out E-learning learning