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Indonesia, as a tropical country, is exposed to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, increasing the risk of skin damage. Sunscreen is widely used as a protective measure indicated by the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of active ingredient variations on SPF values and other influencing factors. A literature review with a descriptive-comparative approach was conducted using research articles published between 2021 and 2026 from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. A total of seven eligible articles were analyzed. The results showed that the type of active ingredients, concentration, combination of ingredients, and dosage form significantly influence SPF values. Natural ingredients generally produce low to moderate SPF values, while combinations of active ingredients result in significantly higher SPF due to synergistic effects. Increasing the concentration of active ingredients also leads to higher SPF values. Additionally, dosage forms such as creams, serums, sunscreen powder and foundations affect sunscreen effectiveness through their film-forming ability on the skin. In conclusion, the combination of active ingredients and higher concentrations provides more optimal protection against UV radiation.

This research aims to analyze the influence of brand image, product quality, and brand ambassador Lee Min Ho on consumer buying interest in Azarine sunscreen products in Kediri city district. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach. The sampling method employed is Non-Probability Sampling with purposive sampling technique. In this study, data collection was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to 130 respondents. The analytical techniques used in this research include validity test, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression test, t-test (partial), F-test (simultaneous), and coefficient of determination test (R2) analyzed using SPSS 26 software. The results show that partially, the brand image variable does not have a significant effect on buying interest, indicated by a significance value of 0.555 > 0.05. The product quality variable partially has a significant effect on purchase interest with a significance value of 0.041 < 0.05, and the brand ambassador variable partially has a significant effect on purchase interest with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Simultaneously, brand image, product quality, and brand ambassador have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest for Azarine sunscreen products in Kediri city district, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination value of 0.581 indicates that 58.1% of the variation in consumer purchase interest can be explained by the three variables: brand image, product quality, and brand ambassador, while the remaining 41.9% is influenced by other external factors outside these variables.

The central building of the cyber world in the city center plays a significant role in enhancing community activities, providing social space, and contributing to the city's image. As the first shopping center in Palembang City, International Plaza has historical and strategic value in the city's development. However, over time, the attractiveness of International Plaza has decreased significantly. This decline is caused by several factors, such as the development of new, more modern shopping centers and the lack of updates to the building's design elements that can attract visitors. This study aims to analyze the potential for redesigning International Plaza with a local cultural approach. In this redesign concept, the Sarinah Building in Jakarta is used as a comparative study because it has successfully combined modern concepts with the development of traditional elements that reflect local culture. The Sarinah Building, although designed with a modern approach, still maintains cultural values relevant to the surrounding community, thus creating a space that is not only functional but also has visual and emotional appeal for its visitors. The results of the study indicate that with a modern architectural approach that remains based on local culture, International Plaza has the potential to revitalize and attract visitors. The suggested redesign includes changes to the building's facade by adding ornaments typical of Palembang City, such as traditional carvings or motifs that reflect the richness of local culture. These ornaments can be applied using secondary skin techniques to building facades, which not only enhance aesthetics but also serve as sunscreens. Furthermore, zoning and tenant order are crucial for a more organized and comfortable visitor flow. Finally, enhancing the public space at the front of the building with additional public facilities, gardens, and gathering areas can create a more vibrant and enjoyable atmosphere for visitors.

Indonesia, as a tropical country, faces a high risk from ultraviolet (UV) radiation that can damage skin and health. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and behavior regarding sunscreen use among students of the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality. The method used is a survey with questionnaires distributed to respondents. Results indicate that although students are aware of the importance of using sunscreen, the usage rate remains low, and many do not choose safe products. These findings highlight the need for increased knowledge about proper sunscreen selection and the dangers of UV exposure. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of further education on correct sunscreen use, as well as the necessity for outreach activities to raise awareness about skin protection from sun exposure. Thus, it is hoped that adolescents can better maintain their skin health and reduce the risk of diseases caused by excessive UV exposure.

Introduction : Indonesia is country that passed by the equator causing sunlight intensity increase that causes skin problems. Sunscreen is a cosmetic which used to protect skin from sun exposure. Kawista stem bark (Limonia acidissima Groff) has a flavonoid dan phenolic as UV protector. This study analyzed SPF values of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, etil acetate fraction, water fraction and sunscreen cream. Method : Spesific and non spesific standardization of ethanolic extract. Extraction using maceration method with 96% ethanol. The suncreen cream were made in 2% (F1), 4% (F2) and 6% (F3) concentration. Physical characteristics has tested include organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility and adhesion and viscosity. Oneway ANOVA and kruskall wallis test statistic analysis. Oneway ANOVA and kruskall wallis test statistic analysis. Result : SPF values on F1 is 3,63 (minimal protection); F2 is 7,53 (Extra protection) and F3 is 15, 43 (Ultra protection). Conclusion : All three cream formula has a different significant SPF values (p < 0,05). The suncreen cream fulfilled the requirements of physical characteristics.

The trunk of the kepok banana tree contains flavonoids that have activity as a sunscreen that can protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV rays. This study aims to formulate and determine the SPF value of the cream preparation of banana kepok tree tree extract (Musa paradisiaca L) which meets the requirements of good physical quality as a sunscreen. The method used is experimental research consisting of making maceration method extracts with 70% ethanol solvent. The resulting extract is formulated with a cream base formula with extract concentrations of 30% and 40%. The study was analyzed using ANOVA test and SPSS software. The results showed that the formulation of sunscreen cream extract of banana kepok tree trunk extract (Musa paradisiaca L) with concentrations of 30% and 40% showed good physical quality with the effectiveness of SPF at concentrations of 30% and 40% was 3.1 and 4.7 in the moderate protection category without any reference or formula. Based on the results of the article's research, it was concluded that the extract of the banana kepok tree trunk (Musa paradisiaca L) which was formulated as a cream has good physical quality as a sunscreen and based on the ANOVA test, one factor showed a difference in concentration affecting the SPF value obtained.

Aging of the skin that occurs in the elderly has an impact on skin moisture. There are various factors that can influence skin moisture, both unchangeable and changeable. Disturbed skin moisture can cause various skin problems and reduce the sufferer's quality of life. This makes it important to provide education and skin hydration screening to the public, especially the elderly. Education is carried out by conveying information about skin moisture, influencing factors, as well as ways to prevent and care for the skin. The increasing number of elderly people in Indonesia makes it important for us to pay attention to their health. Skin care that can be done to maintain skin hydration includes using moisturizers, humidifiers in rooms with low humidity, using soft soap without fragrance, avoiding long showers, using sunscreen, and clothing that is not too tight. It is hoped that education and screening can increase public awareness regarding the importance of maintaining skin hydration, especially for the elderly, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of public health in Indonesia.

Early counseling and screening activities regarding skin hydration due to sun exposure are community service efforts aimed at increasing male students' understanding of the importance of maintaining skin hydration and protection against sun exposure. This activity is carried out through an educative and practical approach, by combining counseling, demonstrations, and early screening. The results of this activity showed an increase in male students' understanding of the importance of skin hydration and protection against sun exposure. They are becoming more aware of the need to take care of their skin regularly, use sunscreen, and keep their skin moisturised. Positive behavioral changes were seen in the boys' efforts to maintain healthy skin. Counseling and early screening activities regarding skin hydration due to sun exposure provide significant benefits in increasing understanding, changing behavior, and maintaining healthy skin for male students. This activity is an important effort in increasing awareness and protection of skin health among male students.