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Consumers are divided into three categories: initial consumers, middle consumers, and end consumers. These three types of consumers certainly have the right to protection, but end consumers as users need to receive more attention to protection, especially in the buying and selling process. This study uses a sociolegal approach with a purposive sampling method to examine the selling process. In addition, this study also examines how protection for end consumers is implemented in LPG buying and selling activities in Balikpapan Tengah District. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of protection efforts and the impact of not implementing protection properly in Balikpapan Tengah District, a densely populated area. This study is expected to be a reference for the development of consumer protection efforts in the buying and selling of subsidized LPG, as well as providing insight into the consequences that can be received by end consumers and their handling in the future.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the subsidized housing program for low-income communities in Pekanbaru City. The background of this research stems from the high demand for decent housing among low-income groups and the government’s challenge in ensuring equitable access to affordable housing. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative with a policy study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with officials from the Department of Public Housing and Settlement Areas, housing developers, banking institutions, and program beneficiaries. Field observations and documentation were also conducted to strengthen data validity. The results show that the implementation of the subsidized housing program in Pekanbaru City has been in line with national policies, yet its effectiveness remains suboptimal. This condition is influenced by insufficient policy dissemination, limited strategic land availability, inaccurate targeting of beneficiaries, and weak supervision mechanisms. On the other hand, supporting factors such as regulatory support, partnerships with the private sector, and accessible financing through subsidized home ownership loans have contributed to the program’s success. In conclusion, the effectiveness of program implementation can be improved through stronger inter-agency synergy, transparency of beneficiary data, and institutional capacity building so that the goal of equitable access to decent housing for low-income communities can be sustainably achieved.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of scarcity of 3-kilogram LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) occurring in several sub-districts within Kudus Regency. This scarcity is frequently caused by misdirected distribution, wherein the subsidized gas, which pursuant to Article 3 Paragraph (1) of Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 104 of 2007, is intended for low-income households and micro-enterprises, is instead accessed by middle-to-upper class individuals and sold at prices exceeding the government-mandated retail price (Harga Eceran Tertinggi/HET). The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of the aforementioned Presidential Regulation in the distribution of 3-kg LPG within a specific sub-district of Kudus Regency, and to identify the inhibiting factors affecting its execution. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a field study approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with LPG base outlet operators, sub-district government officials, and subsidy recipient residents, as well as through documentation of policies and distribution reports. The findings indicate that the implementation of the 3-kg LPG distribution policy in the field has not been conducted optimally. Many base outlets continue to sell subsidized LPG to retailers or to non-target consumers for the sake of higher profit margins, compounded by weak regulatory oversight. The impeding factors in policy implementation include: lack of understanding of the regulations by distribution actors, insufficient governmental outreach and socialization efforts, weak oversight and evaluation from Pertamina (the state-owned oil and gas company), and the absence of firm enforcement measures or sanctions against violations, which further exacerbate the problem.

This study analyzes the application of the principles of gharar (uncertainty) and ‘adl (justice) in the subsidized LPG supply chain at Pangkalan Fawaid, Gondanglegi District, using the Maqashid Syariah approach. The primary focus of this research is to identify issues related to the distribution of subsidized LPG that involve Islamic economic principles, particularly concerning uncertainty and injustice that may disadvantage the public, especially low-income households. The main issues identified include the uncertainty of distribution schedules, price fluctuations, limited supply, and a lack of transparency in information, leading to unequal access for low-income households. The research employs a qualitative-empirical method with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Five key informants were selected through purposive sampling to provide comprehensive insights into the issues surrounding subsidized LPG distribution. The data analysis used the interactive model by Miles & Huberman, with triangulation validation to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the findings. The results indicate the presence of gharar in several aspects, such as price uncertainty, quotas, and distribution schedules. Price uncertainty causes subsidized LPG prices to often exceed the Highest Retail Price (HET), while uneven distribution leads to injustice in access for households in need. Violations of the ‘adl principle are evident from the unequal and uneven distribution, which leads to access disparities among low-income households. Based on these findings, it is crucial to digitalize the LPG distribution system to make it more transparent, enhance supervision of distribution practices, and strengthen consumer literacy so they better understand their rights and obligations in accordance with Islamic economic principles. With these measures, uncertainty and injustice in subsidized LPG distribution can be minimized, leading to a more equitable and transparent distribution system.

The scarcity of subsidized 3-kilogram LPG in Tanjungpinang City has become a crucial public issue, primarily due to inaccurate distribution. The Puan Molek Card program was designed as an innovative solution to reorganize the LPG subsidy distribution mechanism to make it more manageable and in favor of poor households and eligible MSMEs. An evaluation based on William Dunn's six dimensions showed that in the initial phase, the program's effectiveness and efficiency were quite high, supported by collaborative data collection between local governments, neighborhood associations (RT/RW), and community social institutions. The card also provided convenient access and reduced the potential for hoarding by irresponsible individuals. However, over time, inconsistent card use and weak oversight caused the program's effectiveness to decline. Many residents returned to using ID cards (KTP) as a substitute, opening new opportunities for distribution irregularities. This indicates that the dimensions of accuracy and accountability have not been maintained sustainably. The study also noted that although LPG distribution was relatively smooth, there is a long-term potential for declining public trust if the government does not immediately implement improvements. Therefore, the main recommendations are strengthening the digital-based monitoring system to record LPG subsidy transactions in real time, as well as integrating the Puan Molek Card with population data to prevent misuse. Furthermore, local governments need to intensify public awareness campaigns on the importance of card use and conduct regular field monitoring. Cross-sector collaboration, including with Pertamina, distribution agents, and independent oversight bodies, is also needed to ensure the program returns to its primary objective: ensuring that the 3-kilogram LPG subsidy reaches those entitled to it.

This Study aims to examine the influence of leadership and work discipline on employee performance at PT. Agro Afiat Nusantara in Barito Kuala, a non-subsidized fertilizer distribution company operating in South Kalimantan. The research focuses on two main variables: leadership and work discipline, both of which are theoretically considered essential in improving employee performance. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to all 30 employees using a saturated sampling method. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 27. The analysis revealed that (1) leadership, when tested partially, does not have a significant effect on employee performance; (2) in contrast, work discipline has a positive and significant effect; and (3) simultaneously, both variables significantly contribute to enhancing performance. These findings highlight the crucial role of consistent and structured work discipline particularly in terms of punctuality, responsibility, and adherence to rules as a key factor in supporting employee performance. Practically, the study suggests a reassessment of the leadership style applied within the company and emphasizes the need to strengthen a culture of discipline as part of a sustainable human resource management strategy.

This study aims to examine the farmer empowerment program for food security and community economy. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to examine the problems studied. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling . Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques in this study are carried out by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study illustrate that the farmer empowerment program for food security in Lookeu Village has been carried out well by the village government. The farmer empowerment program is in the form of food availability, food availability stability and accessibility. In this case, the Lookeu Village government has distributed subsidized fertilizers, superior seeds, pesticides, assistance, farm roads, reservoirs and irrigation channels. Meanwhile, the farmer empowerment program for the community economy, which is reviewed from the community's income and the number of poor people, has increased family economic income through agricultural productivity. Thus, the farmer empowerment program effectively helps the community in maintaining food security and provides an increase in the community's economy which has an impact on reducing the number of poverty.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fertilizer extension and fertilization in the women's farmer group "Cerdas" in Lawelu Village, Ulumoro'o District, West Nias Regency. The research method used a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, structured interviews, and questionnaires. The results showed that 75% of respondents experienced an increase in understanding of fertilizer types, doses, and application times after counseling. However, implementation in the field is still constrained by limited access to subsidized fertilizer (60% of respondents). The conclusion of this study states that extension is effective in improving knowledge but requires policy support to improve fertilizer accessibility.

This research was conducted because there were problems among some of the class I0 students at subsidized elementary schools SMA is less enthusiastic when learning, there are students who are sleepy and there are also students who look passive and pay little attention to the teacher when explainin the lesson material, this is because students prefer to be in their own world such as drawing, talking and playing with his des mates, joking and making noise, these problems indicate weakness student’s motivation to study. Therefore, the class I teacher tries to create a pleasant class atmosphere by using the ice breaker game. The aim of this research is to reveal the types, impact and supporting and inhibiting factors carried out by class I teachers in using ice breaking. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The results of the research are the type of ice breaking waht wase done was ice breaking, applause, shouts, songs, body movements and games. Impact of implementation ice breaking students are happy when the ice breaking is done, students are enthusiastic and more active in learning. Supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing ice breaking, supporting factors for students being happy when ice breaking is carried out, students become enthusiastic and more active in learning, the inhibiting factors are: different student characteristics and time constraints.

Agriculture plays a crucial role in Indonesia's economy and food security, with subsidized fertilizers being a vital component in supporting productivity and the quality of harvests. The subsidized fertilizer policy, as regulated in Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 01 of 2024, aims to ensure the targeted distribution of fertilizers. However, issues related to distribution and the misuse of subsidized fertilizers remain significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the subsidized fertilizer distribution policy in Jombang Regency based on Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 01 of 2024. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research gathered data through interviews with informants, observations, and documentation at the Agriculture Office of Jombang Regency. The findings show that although the e-RDKK system has improved farmers' access to subsidized fertilizers, administrative barriers and distribution delays remain major issues. Uneven distribution coverage and the misallocation of fertilizers in several areas reduce the policy's effectiveness. Improvements in distribution management and stricter supervision are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security in Jombang Regency. The distribution of subsidized fertilizers in Jombang Regency needs to be improved through more intensive education for farmers and simplification of administrative procedures.

This study aims to determine and evaluate the Performance of the Food Crops Agriculture Service in the 2018-2023 Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution Program (Case Study of Rice Farmers, in Seso Village, Ngada Regency). Using a qualitative descriptive approach with Atik Septi Winarsih's theory and Robbins' theory which highlights Responsiveness, Responsibility, Accountability, Punctuality, Work Commitment. The study involved 12 Informants.The results showed that in the subsidized fertilizer distribution program, employees of the Food Crop Agriculture Office of Ngada Regency have not carried out their duties in accordance with the needs of farmers on agricultural land, this is due to communication deficiencies such as in terms of providing infrastructure, fertilizer stocks, and the problem of changing fertilizer price increases and in terms of special training in accessing the E-RDKK system. One of the factors that hinders access to this system is that farmers do not understand the use of the E-RDKK system through android phones and the lack of knowledge that farmers have. The Ngada Regency Food Crop Agriculture Office has also not provided sufficient facilities and infrastructure on farms because there are many delays in distribution that take more time than the specified time. Services at the Ngada Regency Food Crop Agriculture Office have not been in accordance with the implementation in the field so that farmers' needs have experienced delays in service. Another form of participation that supports the sustainability of the subsidized fertilizer distribution program is by conducting socialization activities. The form of participation that is carried out is contrary to community expectations where the completion time is delayed from the time that should be determined.

This study aims to determine the benefits of the farmer card program in improving the welfare of poor farmers in Talotenreng Village at the BPP Sabbangparu of the Wajo Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office and to find out the factors that hinder the evaluation of the farmer card program in improving the welfare of poor farmers in Talotenreng Village at the BPP Sabbangparu of the Wajo Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office. The research method used is a qualitative method, usually the data is inductive or qualitative, and the type of research used is descriptive that provides a detailed picture or phenomenon.The results of this study show that the Farmer Card Program in Talotenreng Village has not been used by farmers as recipients of farmer cards or is still tentative so that farmers cannot feel the benefits, because there are no instructions, directions or orders from the Central Government/Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. The Farmer Card Program is the latest Government program implemented in all regions with the aim of redeeming the purchase of subsidized fertilizers in an effort to improve the welfare of farmers in accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 77 of 2005 concerning the Determination of Subsidized Fertilizers as Goods in Supervision as amended by Presidential Regulation No. 15 of 2011 concerning Changes in the Determination of Subsidized Fertilizers as Goods Under Supervision.

One of the benefits of using a farmer card is to access subsidized fertilizers. Farmer cards are those programmed by the government and can function to ease all farmers' affairs in making loans, transactions, savings and regarding the acquisition of subsidized fertilizers. This research was motivated by problems in the farmer card program which according to the community was less useful for them, especially in terms of accessing fertilizer. The farmer card is expected to be able to overcome the problem of fertilizer distribution that is not on target and is expected to be able to provide welfare for every farmer owned by farmers with the fertilizer obtained, so that the farm that is run produces satisfactory production for the farmers themselves. The results showed that, on average, the number of farmers who did not understand the farmer card was 60%, while those who understood the farmer card were 37%. This is due to the lack of socialization from related agencies, causing a lack of understanding of farmers towards the farmer card program, especially given the fact there are some farmers who have not studied at all. This farmer card has also not been benefited by farmers, so farmers have difficulty getting subsidized fertilizer and have to spend expensive costs to obtain fertilizer.

Infrastructure development in Jombang Regency has increased, after the city returned to normal from the Covid outbreak over time. The natural gem subsidized housing project was built on an area of ​​7,410 m2. This landed house was built with Type 30/60 with a total of 71 housing units. This project was built by PT SAMI KARYA. In this research, data collection was obtained from developers such as weekly reports, daily reports, work schedules, RAB, and actual costs. In 2023, demand for houses in Jombang Regency will increase drastically because there are still many people who need a place to live. The methods used are Return of investment, Internal rate of return and Benefit cost ratio. The ROI calculation method is concluded to be still in profitable status as a long-term investment and can be used to invest in subsidized housing development projects with an ROI value above 16.19% as a return on investment parameter, but after carrying out a trial calculation, a profit value of 389 is obtained. % and of course achieve, even exceed the target.

The majority of the people of Kedungbunder Village, Sutojayan District, Blitar Regency work as farmers and livestock breeders. Farmers in Kedungbunder Village complain that the price of non- subsidized fertilizer is expensive and subsidized fertilizer from the government is difficult to obtain, thus affecting agricultural productivity. This socialization aims to provide understanding and skills to farmers in making and using liquid organic fertilizer from agricultural waste and natural materials in the environment so that farmers can make fertilizer independently. In this way, farmers in Kedungbunder Village are more independent and creative, do not depend on subsidized fertilizer supplies, and reduce operational costs and agricultural activities remain productive, thereby increasing farmer capacity. The methods used in this community service activity include discourse, discussions, and training. The results of community service showed a positive response of 86.76% of participants to socialization activities.

Agriculture is an activity of managing biological natural resources with the help of technology, capital, labor and management to produce agricultural commodities which include food crops, horticulture, plantations and or livestock in an agro-ecosystem. Most of the Indonesian people's livelihoods are as farmers, so the agricultural sector is very important to develop in this country. Poktan Beno Raharjo in Glonggong Village, Madiun Regency has a problem, namely the absence of an information system that is useful for managing agricultural production data, managing farmer data, managing village granary data, recording planting of food crops and horticultural crops, managing subsidized fertilizer assistance. The mobile-based Poktan information system was created using the dart programming language with the flutter framework using the waterfall method and testing using the black box testing method.

The government that is running at this time is also not spared from public comments on Twitter, especially regarding the increase in subsidized fuel. There are at least 4 impacts felt by the community when subsidized fuel prices increase, namely a decrease in people's purchasing power, an increase in basic prices, an increase in the unemployment rate and an increase in the poverty rate. This study aims to implement the Naïve Bayes Classifier and KNN algorithms in classifying a tweet of an increase in subsidized fuel so that it can be identified as belonging to a class with positive or negative sentiments. The data used in this research are 560 tweets. The data is divided into 2, namely 500 training data from tweet data and 60 test data from tweet data stored in xlsx format. The results of the accuracy with the Naïve Bayes Classifier algorithm is 85% while the KN algorithm is 86.8% so it can be concluded that the KNN method is better than the Naïve Bayes Classifier method in classifying tweets of increases in subsidized fuel. Keywords: Subsidized BBM, Naive Bayes, KNN

The government initiated farmer cards to improve the distribution of subsidized fertilizers that were still not on the target. However, in some areas the effectiveness of distributing subsidized fertilizers using farm cards is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizers in Cibeuti Village, Kawalu District, Tasikmalaya City. The population in this study was farmers who received farmer cards with a total of 559 people who were then sampled using a random sampling technique of 85 people. This research was conducted using two methods, namely observation and interview. Observation is carried out by collecting data carried out through direct observation of farmers included in the farmer group in Cibeuti Village. The data analysis used is  multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS application. From the results of this study, the level of effectiveness of farmer cards, the distribution of subsidized fertilizers in the Cibeuti area of Tasikmalaya City is very effective and the most effective, indicator of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers is on time, whose efficiency value is 0.005 which means less than 0.05.

Fuel Oil (BBM) is one of the commodities from the natural resources of oil and natural gas. Oil and natural gas are non-renewable strategic natural resources controlled by country. Oil and natural gas have an important role in the national economy. So that the management of oil and natural gas must be able to provide optimally prosperity and welfare of society. The government made a policy regarding subsidized fuel in order to save on the state budget, and it is hoped that more people will use public transportation in order to reduce traffic jams in Indonesia. The government created the My Pertamina application to buy several Pertamina products such as fuel, but in its implementation this application reaped many pros and cons from the public.

Religious education aims to increase religious potential and shape children to become human beings who believe in and fear God Almighty and have noble character which includes ethics, character and morals. Religious value in children is a child's ability to understand religion that is obtained from parents, society and the surrounding environment. One of the efforts that can be made to achieve children with religious character is to instill religious values ​​themselves in children through religious activities such as the habit of praying dhuha in congregation and tahfiz Al-Qur`an activities both starting from the school environment. This study aims to instill religious values ​​in children which must be instilled since childhood, so that children get used to behaving well towards other people in their surroundings and have a love for the Al-Qur`an which increases their faith and piety to God Almighty. This research was conducted at the Subsidized Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Galagah Hulu. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method in which data collection uses observation techniques, interview techniques and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that in the habituation of Duha prayer carried out by children in congregation, they find several religious values, namely the value of worship, the value of spirit of jihad, moral values ​​and exemplary values. Strategies in instilling religious values ​​by motivating and setting an example. One way to instill religious values ​​is to always keep the Duha prayer time. tells the virtues of dhuha prayer, tells the virtues of memorizing the Qur'an in life so as to foster a sense of love in children. In the activities of tahfidz Al-Qur`an the religious values ​​found are children who are used to being disciplined in carrying out activities to memorize surahs while at school, children are disciplined in obeying school rules. The conclusion of this study is that through the habit of praying Dhuha in congregation and tahfidz Al-Qur`an religious values ​​can be fostered which are reflected in good attitudes, behavior and personality in everyday life. Discipline in obeying school rules. The conclusion of this study is that through the habit of praying Dhuha in congregation and tahfidz Al-Qur`an religious values ​​can be fostered which are reflected in good attitudes, behavior and personality in everyday life. Discipline in obeying school rules. The conclusion of this study is that through the habit of praying Dhuha in congregation and tahfidz Al-Qur`an religious values ​​can be fostered which are reflected in good attitudes, behavior and personality in everyday life.