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Laparotomy is a major surgical procedure associated with a high risk of acute postoperative pain. According to Gan (2017), if pain is not properly managed, it can progress to chronic pain. (Toro et al., 2018) reported that severe pain on the first postoperative day is still commonly found in laparotomy patients, while (Small & Laycock, 2020) indicated that moderate to severe pain within the first 24 hours following major surgery remains a significant clinical issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological pain management following laparotomy under general anesthesia, specifically to identify the types of opioid analgesics used, analyze their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity, identify side effects, and examine administration techniques and routes. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases covering the years 2015–2026. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and retrospective studies addressing opioid pharmacological pain management in adult patients following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Study quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that opioids are effective in reducing postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. The most commonly used opioids are morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Of all the opioids reviewed, oxycodone provided the best pain control, while intrathecal morphine was most effective in reducing the need for supplemental opioids during the early postoperative period. Other opioids, such as extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate and tegileridine, are also effective, but the number of studies is still limited. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, and dizziness. Pharmacological pain management using opioids is effective in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain following laparotomy under general anesthesia. Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are the most commonly used opioids. Oxycodone and intrathecal morphine have shown good results in improving pain control and reducing the need for supplemental opioids. The selection of opioid type, dosage, and administration technique must be tailored to the patient’s clinical condition to achieve optimal analgesia with minimal side effects.

Multiple diastema is a space or gap between two or more adjacent teeth. Diastema management can be corrected using removable orthodontic treatment and eliminating etiological factors. Treatment in this case shows the progress of successful treatment of multiple diastema in Soelastri General Hospital using removable orthodontic appliances based on the indications and needs of patient care. Case management: A 24-year-old woman came to Soelastri General Hospital Surakarta with complaints of gaps in the teeth between the 4 lower front incisors. The patient's bad habit history is known to be tongue thrusting. Intraoral examination found interdental gaps in the 4 lower incisors measuring 33.32 (1.6mm), 32.31 (1.2mm), 31.41 (1.1mm), 41.42 (1.3mm). Diastema closure with finger spring activation towards the mesial and labial arches of the upper and lower jaws. Activation was carried out gradually at each control so that the diastema at the fourth control on teeth 33-32 (0.5 mm). Conclusion: This shows that removable orthodontic appliances are effective for closing multiple diastema with mild to moderate degrees, with patient compliance in using the appliance and the effect of using a tongue crib in reducing the patient's tongue thrusting habit.

Cancer is a chronic disease that not only affects physical conditions but also imposes a significant psychological burden on both cancer patients and cancer survivors. Various mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress, are frequently experienced throughout the processes of diagnosis, treatment, and the survivorship phase. One psychological intervention that has developed and been widely studied is expressive writing, which allows individuals to freely express their thoughts and emotions through writing. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of expressive writing interventions on the mental health of cancer patients and cancer survivors using a literature review method. The article search process was conducted in international databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SpringerLink) and a national database (Garuda), covering publications from 2020 to 2025. Article selection was carried out using PRISMA guidelines, and methodological quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Based on the selection results, nine articles met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The review findings indicate that most studies report positive effects of expressive writing in reducing anxiety, depression, stress, and psychological distress, as well as improving quality of life, positive affect, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth. However, the effectiveness of this intervention varies depending on individual characteristics, clinical context, writing structure and focus, intervention duration, and cultural appropriateness. Therefore, expressive writing has the potential to serve as an effective, flexible, and low-cost supportive intervention in cancer care, particularly when it is designed contextually and adaptively in accordance with patients’ psychological needs.

Degenerative diseases such as cancer have a significant impact on overall health and are a leading cause of death worldwide. Identifying phytochemicals with potential preventive and therapeutic properties is crucial in combating these diseases. Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical, has garnered attention due to its potential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Therefore, the aim of this research is to prioritize an approach to cancer treatment based on more effective and fewer side effects. Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid, has received significant scientific consideration for its potential health-enhancing effects through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and various other biological activities. This review utilizes online scientific articles from reputable platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The objective of this research is to explore the potential role of apigenin as a promising phytochemical in cancer prevention and treatment, elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms and future research directions.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has continued to increase over the years, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate it as a global health threat. Pycnogenol, a proprietary name for proanthocyanidins—a specific class of bioflavonoids—is known for its potent antioxidant properties. It neutralizes unstable oxygen molecules, or free radicals, that damage body cells. One of the notable benefits of Pycnogenol is its positive effect on cardiovascular health. This study aims to evaluate the effects and potential benefits of Pycnogenol consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease. This article uses a literature review method by collecting scientific articles published within the last ten years (2014–2024) from reputable online sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The results of the study show that Pycnogenol, as a phytochemical compound, plays a beneficial role in maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing heart disease, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular conditions. All reviewed articles consistently describe the connection between Pycnogenol intake and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, Pycnogenol demonstrates strong antioxidant activity that may contribute significantly to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.  

COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which infects the respiratory system and transmitted by droplets. This study aims to see the effect of administering Nigella sativa which has an immunomodulatory effect in reducing the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 disease by increasing the immune system. The method used is a literature review of five selected journals through a prism diagram flow from the PubMed, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect electronic databases. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in patients decreased the length of patients’ hospital stay which become shorter in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nigella sativa has a positive response to increasing immunity. The immunomodulatory effect of NS is proven in increasing macrophage phagocytosis, immunoglobulin titer, lymphocyte ratio, and preventing T cell depletion and encouraging specific T cell proliferation.

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease that has caused a global health emergency and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The lack of certain drug molecules or treatment strategies for this disease is making it worse. Therefore, effective drug molecules are urgently needed to fight COVID-19. Specific therapies for the SARS-COV2 virus are still being developed in several countries around the world. One of the molecular targets that is thought to be specific to SARS-COV 2 is 3CLpro or the main protease of the COVID-19 virus which is an important enzyme to be able to replicate related viruses. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of medicinal chemistry in the development of anti-sars-cov 2 drugs through the exploration of bioactive compounds from natural sources, namely green tea. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) also contains eight native monomeric catechins or polyphenolic compounds. The method used was literature review with analysis of 3 selected articles from international databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer, as well as SINTA accredited national journals. The results showed that all test compounds except caffein had stronger binding energy than lopinavir. Epicatecin and catechin have the same binding energy value as lopinavir, which is -7.1 kcal/mol. Catechin gallate and epicatechin gallate have the strongest bond among all test compounds because they have the most negative AG, namely -9.0 and 8.2 kcal/mol.    

Water is the main need for every living creature, including humans. However, sometimes the springs are located under residential areas. To lift water to residential areas, large amounts of electrical energy are needed to drive water pumps. Apart from the very large electrical energy sources required, the price of water pumps is very expensive, it is necessary to develop alternative energy sources. An alternative energy source that has enormous potential in Indonesia is solar energy. Every year the sun releases 745 thousand trillion kWh of solar energy reaching the earth. In connection with the above, dedication was carried out regarding the design of the solar water pump. In the design of the solar water pump, a DC water pump is used with a solar power source using 3 solar panel modules. Through the Mitra Village Service SKIM, LPPM UNMUS 2024 Program, this service will examine the performance of the solar water pump, namely the maximum power produced by the solar panels, the water flow that can be lifted by the pump and the duration of operation in a day. The results of service activities in the form of technology that has been installed in partner plantations in Waninggap Nanggo Village, this technology is able to save on plantation operations, especially water pump electricity costs, by using solar power sources. Based on the analysis, electricity costs have been saved by 30%, thereby increasing partner income.

Background: Early detection of cervical cancer includes an IVA examination or Pap smear. This test is used to identify cervical cancer and in Islam it is also recommended to maintain (hifdz an-nafsa), namely maintaining reproductive health related to offspring (hifdz an-nasl). The aim of this research is to determine the effect of sharia-based audiovisual education on knowledge, behavior and attitudes towards preventing cervical cancer. Purpose: to determine the effect of sharia-based audiovisual education on knowledge, behavior and attitudes towards preventing cervical cancer. Method: This type of research uses quantitative with a quasi-experimental research design in the form of one-group without control and this research uses an accidental sampling technique with 41 respondents. Data was taken before and after the intervention was given and then analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test research showed that z knowledge calculation was -5.667, behavior -4.583, and attitude calculation -5.831 with an asym.sig value of 0.000. This shows that the p value <0.05 was a difference after the pre-test and post-test of providing audiovisual education. Conclision : There is an influence of providing audiovisual education on knowledge, behavior, attitudes, prevention of cervical cancer with early detection in the working area of ​​the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center, Semarang.

Revitalization of Sendang spring tourism has an important role in developing local culture-based ecotourism. This community service program aims to implement the Sendang spring tourism revitalization strategy to support the development of local culture-based ecotourism and identify revitalization strategies that are in accordance with ecotourism principles and maintain the cultural values ​​of the surrounding community. This service is carried out through various activities that include environmental conservation, strengthening the local economy, and preserving the culture of the surrounding community. The method used in this program is a participatory approach with community involvement in observation, training, and direct assistance. The results of the activities show that revitalization through a culture-based ecotourism approach can increase public awareness of environmental conservation, strengthen the local economy, and maintain cultural values. The main challenge in this program is building a balance between resource utilization and sustainable conservation efforts. The conclusion of this service confirms that the revitalization of Sendang spring contributes to increasing the attractiveness of ecological and cultural-based tourism, and provides benefits to the community in a sustainable manner.

Lumpia is a type of food that is very popular in Asia, especially in Indonesia and the Philippines. This food consists of a thin skin filled with various ingredients, such as vegetables, meat, or sweet ingredients. The history of spring rolls can be traced back to Chinese cultural influence in Southeast Asia, where spring rolls were known as "spring rolls". Thin and crispy spring roll skin is made from flour mixture mixed with water and a little oil, then fried until crispy. The methods used in this activity include lectures, questions and answers or discussions, and training. The results obtained are that Lumpia with Chocolatos filling offers several advantages compared to conventional spring rolls. Apart from the pleasant sweet taste, these spring rolls are also easy to make and are liked by all ages. Its popularity is increasing thanks to the ease of obtaining the ingredients and its ability to be made into an attractive snack or dessert. This innovation shows how traditional culinary delights can develop and adapt to modern tastes, creating new opportunities in the snacks and snacks industry.

The widespread use of smartphones has given rise to the phenomenon of phubbing, where individuals prioritize their devices over face-to-face interactions. The purpose of this study is to explore phubbing as a communication ethics challenge and its impact on emotional well-being in personal relationships. The method used in this study is a literature review involving national and international indexed journals obtained through Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), Taylor & Francis, Springer, Elsevier with a span of 2017-2024. The findings of this study reveal that phubing can have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships and individual psychological well-being. This behavior can damage communication, reduce the quality of personal relationships, and trigger psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and feelings of loneliness. Therefore, interventions in guidance and counseling are needed to deal with phubbing more comprehensivel.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane covering the back of the eyelids and the eyeball, which can be acute or chronic. This condition is characterized by conjunctival hyperemia, edema, and discharge. Causes of conjunctivitis include bacteria, chlamydia, allergies, viruses, and systemic diseases. The incidence of conjunctivitis varies by age, sex, and season. Although slightly more common in women in emergency departments, the seasonal pattern of conjunctivitis is consistent across regions. Allergic conjunctivitis, which affects 15-40% of the population, is most common in the spring and summer. Bacterial conjunctivitis is most common from December to April. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is generally self-limited, with symptoms lasting 1-3 days if treated appropriately, but can last 10-14 days if left untreated. Staphylococcal and gonococcal conjunctivitis can lead to chronic complications or serious problems such as corneal perforation. Viral conjunctivitis usually gets worse in 4-5 days and resolves in 1-2 weeks. Complications are rare but can include corneal problems and life-threatening conditions such as meningitis or sepsis.

Wrong eating patterns in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) sufferers will cause blood sugar levels increases, so dietary factors or planning eating is very important in control blood sugar levels. Good diet​​ become component main success DM management. The purpose of study This is For know control blood sugar levels with diet in diabetes mellitus sufferers through literature study. Search journal using Google database schoolar, pubmed , conchrance and springer ago produced 3 journals For followed up. Journal analyzed using appropriate PRISMA diagrams with inclusion criteria used​ that is journal use Language English and Indonesian, using design RCT research, and published between January 2018 to June 2024 about control blood sugar levels with diet in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Proven diet capable lowering blood sugar in diabetes mellitus sufferers.    

Healthcare professionals often face high levels of stress due to demanding job requirements, which can negatively impact their mental and physical health. Mobile health applications have emerged as potential tools to assist in stress management. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health applications in reducing stress among healthcare professionals. The study utilizes a literature review method by identifying, selecting, and analyzing 12 relevant research articles. The article search was conducted across several databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria encompass articles that discuss the use of mobile health applications for stress management among healthcare professionals, published within the last 10 years. Data were thematically analyzed to identify key findings related to the effectiveness of these applications. The literature review results indicate that mobile health applications are effective in reducing stress levels and improving the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals. Successful implementation requires attention to factors influencing adoption and usage, as well as strategies to overcome existing barriers. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects and develop practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of these applications.

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of job satisfaction, work discipline, work motivation, and work environment on employee performance at PT. Buana Spring Foam Purwokerto. This research is included in the quantitative research category. The population of this study consisted of 90 employees and 78 respondents were selected using probability sampling techniques with the proportionate stratified random sampling method.Research findings show that the performance of employees of PT. Buana Spring Foam Purwokerto is significantly and partially influenced by the following factors: job satisfaction, work discipline, work motivation, and work environment. The implications of this research suggest that companies must continue to pay attention to the promotion system, discipline, provide motivation, rewards or appreciation, and create a comfortable work environment and good relations between employees to improve their performance.

The use of a computerized system to determine the number of children and the severity of their illness is called a family plan. Allowed family planning is an effort to regulate or thin out births or an effort to prevent pregnancy temporarily with the agreement of husband and wife due to certain situations and conditions for the benefit of the family, society, and the state, thus family planning here has the same meaning as regulation of offspring. The goal after a brief coaching is expected to increase knowledge and understanding in choosing contraceptives according to needs and as an effort to make the government's program to have 2 children better. The activities carried out in the form of coaching and brief socialization using Manikin and leaflets. The results of fostering family planning acceptors are able to increase mother's knowledge in choosing types of contraception and understand the advantages and disadvantages of each contraceptive. The conclusion in this community service is that the mother's knowledge of contraceptives increases so that she can choose the right contraceptive.

There are many benefits to a village having a website that is managed seriously. Lighten the government's workload and make things easier for village communities. This service activity will be carried out in Paddinging Village, which is one of the villages in Sanrobone District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. This consideration regarding location selection is because Paddinging Village does not yet have a village website. On the other hand, Paddinging Village has several natural potentials which can be maximized by disseminating information to people inside and outside the village. Paddinging Village has quite large natural and tourism potential but has not received special attention from the government. The expanse of mountains and rice fields as well as the mist that sometimes covers it, accompanied by cool air are the characteristics of Paddinging Village. Apart from that, Paddinging Village has a pine forest which is very suitable as a camping spot on the weekend. Even the water there comes from springs directly from the mountains, which can be used as a basic ingredient for a mineral drinking water business.

The purpose of this study was to predict the financial difficulties of companies using the Altman Z-Score on companies in the automobile subindustry from 2019 to 2021. This research is qualitative research that uses descriptive methods. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely the financial statements of companies in the car subindustry from 2019 to 2021. The data analysis method used is the Altman Z-Score method by calculating five ratios, namely the ratio of Working Capital to Total Assets (X1), the ratio of Retained Earnings to Total Assets (X2), the ratio of EBIT to Total Assets (X3), the ratio of Market Value of Equity to Book Value of Total Liabilities (X4), and the ratio of Sales to Total Assets (X5). Research findings show that during the 2019-2021 period, there are four companies that are in safe zone conditions, namely PT. Garuda Metalindo Tbk, PT. Indospring Tbk, PT. Multi Prima Sejahtera, and PT. Congratulations. Two companies are in a gray zone condition, namely PT. Astra Internasional Tbk and PT. Astra Otoparts Tbk. Meanwhile, three companies are in crisis zone conditions, namely PT. Gajah Tunggal Tbk, PT. Indomobil Sukses Internasional Tbk, and PT. Prima Alloy Steel Universal Tbk. PT. Indo Kordsa Tbk, in 2019 was in a safe zone condition, in 2020 it was in a gray zone condition, and in 2021 it was in a safe zone condition. PT. Goodyear Indonesia Tbk, in 2019 was in a gray zone condition, in 2020 it was in a crisis zone condition, and in 2021 it was in a gray zone condition. While PT. Multistrada Arah Sarana Tbk, in 2019 was in a crisis zone condition, in 2020 it was in a gray zone condition, and in 2021 it was in a safe zone condition.

Carangwulung village located in Wonosalam sub-district, Jombang district has the potential of abundant natural resources from plantation products ranging from bananas, durian, salak, to coffee. The large number of products produced in the Segunung Traditional Village is an interesting addition for implementers to focus on increasing promotions and marketing activities that can be carried out independently by the Segunung Traditional Village. The facilities owned by the Segunung Traditional Village ranging from coffee plantations, coffee shops, and springs should be able to make economic potential and tourism education potential that can be offered and make Segunung Traditional Village into a village that has independence in terms of the creative economy. However, the potential possessed by this Traditional Village is still not a tourism product that is well packaged and attractive for tourists who visit in a sustainable manner. This is partly due to the fact that activities have not been documented, village products are not properly published and are not published in an interesting way. Dusun Segunung has several social media options, but partners feel that creative content ideas are very difficult to grow. Starting from how photos, videos of creative products and designs can be managed properly and produced sustainably. The method of implementing community service is in the form of consultation, socialization and assistance on digital marketing strategies, especially in the form of creative videos and social media management. The socialization and mentoring covered material and practice on videography and video editing techniques using simple technology, smartphones. Through this activity, partners are expected to be able to optimize social media in promoting the potential of their villages, events and business products in order to reach a wider market so that business development and progress can ultimately increase the income of the Segunung Traditional Village.