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Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important plantation commodity that contributes to improving rural livelihoods. However, the productivity of smallholder rubber plantations remains relatively low due to various technical constraints, socio-economic conditions, and limited farmers’ knowledge and technology. This study aims to analyze the influence of technical aspects of cultivation and socio-economic aspects on farmers’ knowledge and technology in rubber cultivation in Desa Antutan, Kecamatan Tanjung Palas, Kabupaten Bulungan. This research employed a mixed methods approach with a descriptive design. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 rubber farmers selected using purposive sampling, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing The results indicate that technical aspects of cultivation and socio-economic aspects simultaneously influence farmers’ knowledge and technology in rubber cultivation. Partially, technical cultivation aspects have a more dominant effect than socio-economic aspects. Qualitative findings reveal that the main problems faced by farmers include improper tapping techniques, aging rubber trees, rubber price fluctuations, and limited access to agricultural training and extension services.

Sugarcane plays crucial and strategic role in the economy as the primary raw material for sugar production, thus ensuring proper procurement of sugarcane in the production process is crucial for smooth and successful production. This study aims to determine the management of sugarcane procurement and the constraints faced in meeting the demand for sugarcane at the Madukismo Sugar Factory in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The basic method is descriptive. The location was determined intentionally at the Madukismo Sugar Factory in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, research was conducted from December 22, 2021, to January 15, 2022. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and recording. The data analysis method was descriptive. The results of the study indicate that the procurement mechanisms for sugarcane include: factory capacity, planting area, planting schedule, and cutting schedule. Sugarcane planting is carried out in stages, starting from May to December, through partnership plantations and smallholder plantations. Harvesting and delivery of sugarcane to the Madukismo Sugar Factory are carried out in stages to prevent stockpiling of raw materials. Cutting is scheduled according to the harvest schedule, as the sugarcane harvest period is 12 months. Excess sugarcane raw materials at the Madukismo sugar factory will be processed the following day. Obstacles affecting the procurement of sugarcane raw materials at the Madukismo sugar factory include cutting labor, transportation, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused difficulties providing harvesting labor, resulting in delayed raw material delivery to the sugar factory in 2020 and 2021.

Oil palm plantations are often confronted with the problem of uncontrolled land expansion and suboptimal management, which potentially threaten the sustainability of the business from environmental, social, and economic perspectives for surrounding communities. This condition calls for a comprehensive evaluation of management practices implemented by independent smallholders. This study aims to determine the sustainability status of smallholder oil palm plantations in Parindu Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, assessed from five main dimensions: ecological, economic, social, institutional, and technological. In addition, the study analyzes attributes that have sensitivity levels affecting the future sustainability of oil palm farming as a basis for formulating improvement strategies. A total of 36 respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques and in-depth interviews. The research method employed was quantitative descriptive using the Rap-Palmoil approach and qualitative descriptive supported by kite diagrams to clarify the analysis results. The findings indicate that the management status of oil palm plantations falls into the moderately sustainable category, with MDS values of 53.61 for Embala Village and 55.75 for Maju Karya Village. The dimensions that require priority improvement in both villages are the ecological and technological dimensions.