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This study discusses the moral conflict and guilt experienced by the Grandfather character in the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami” by A.A. Navis through Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective. The study aims to describe the forms of moral conflict, guilt, and the dynamics of id, ego, and superego that influence the psychological condition of the character. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach. The data source was the short story “Robohnya Surau Kami”, while the data consisted of narrative quotations, dialogues, and expressions indicating psychological conflict experienced by the character. Data collection techniques were conducted through reading and note-taking methods, followed by data analysis using Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The findings reveal that the Grandfather character experiences deep moral conflict after realizing that the worship he devoted throughout his life is considered meaningless because it ignores social responsibility. The dominance of the superego causes excessive guilt, anxiety, self-punishment, and psychological pressure that eventually lead to self-destructive behavior. The imbalance between id, ego, and superego also strengthens the character’s inner conflict. This study implies that literary works can represent complex human psychological conditions and demonstrates the relevance of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in analyzing Indonesian literary works, particularly in understanding moral conflict and guilt experienced by literary characters.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of adolescent love conflict in the film One Fine Day (2018), directed by Asep Kusdinar, through the lens of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. The main focus of the study is the interaction of the three personality structures: the Id, Ego, and Superego, which shape the main characters' decision-making and behavior when facing romantic dilemmas. Using qualitative research methods with A content analysis approach, this study highlights how the characters Mahesa and Alana experience tension between impulsive drives (Id), demands of reality (Ego), and internalized moral norms (Superego). The results of this analysis indicate that the adolescent love conflict in this film is not merely a matter of superficial emotions, but rather a reflection of psychological struggles in the process of searching for identity. The film effectively visualizes how its characters negotiate desires, social rules, and moral principles, ultimately leading to character growth and emotional maturity. This study confirms the relevance of Freud's theory in understanding the psychological complexity of young people, especially as represented through cinema. 

This study aims to describe the intrinsic structure and analyze the psychological aspects of the main characters in the three short stories based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data sources are texts from three satua cutet in the Nimbang Rasa anthology: I Kucil by I Komang Tri Nanda Defhayana, Idup Lara by Ni Wayan Esa Juliantini, and Pajalan Keneh by Ni Putu Ayu Ari Astiti. Results show that the intrinsic structure of all three stories employs a linear plot, with themes of diligence, perseverance, and courage. Psychological analysis based on Freud's id, ego, and superego theory reveals that I Kucil is dominated by id impulses in the form of aggressive emotion due to injustice; Ani demonstrates a strong ego in withstanding social pressure and a firm superego in upholding moral values; while Gékyu shows a balance between ego and superego when facing abuse from a teacher. This research is expected to serve as a reference in Balinese literary studies, particularly in the field of literary psychology.

Research on the inner conflict of the main character in Lenn Liu novel Rumah untuk Alie is important because literary works not only present stories, but also depict the complex psychological reality of humans. This study aims to describe the inner conflict of the main character in Lenn Liu novel Rumah untuk Alie using Sigmund Freud psychoanalytic theory. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of reading and note-taking. The results of the study indicate that the inner conflict of the main character in Lenn Liu novel Rumah untuk Alie includes three personality structures according to Sigmund Freud psychoanalytic theory, namely the id, ego, and superego. This conflict is dominated by the id aspect which is characterized by a strong drive to obtain affection and acceptance that is not fulfilled. In addition, the main character also shows various self-defense mechanisms in response to the psychological pressure he experiences. The findings of this study indicate that the inner conflict of the main character in Lenn Liu novel Rumah untuk Alie is closely related to the unfulfilled emotional needs, especially affection and acceptance in the family environment. This condition gives rise to psychological pressure that drives the main character to use various self-defense mechanisms as a form of self-protection.

Psychological conflicts often arise intensely, as illustrated in Usmar Ismail’s play Ayahku Pulang. The character Gunarto experiences inner turmoil and trauma from family disputes, which trigger various defense mechanisms. This study aims to describe the forms of defense mechanisms exhibited by Gunarto and identify the factors behind their emergence.  Using a literacy  psychology approach, specifically Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the research elaborates on the character’s psychological dynamics. The qualitative method employed the read-and-record technique, with data analyzed through the Miles and Huberman model involving reduction, classification, and inference. Findings reveal eight defense mechanisms used by Gunarto: denial, repression, avoidance, compartmentalization, rationalization, displacement, sublimation, and identification with the aggressor. Their emergence is influenced by psychological factors such as past trauma, economic hardship, and disharmonious family relationships. In conclusion, Gunarto’s defense mechanisms reflect symptoms of individuals facing trauma and family disharmony. This study demonstrates how a literary-psychological approach enriches understanding of literature as a reflection of the human psyche and reveals more about a character’s inner world.

This research analyzes the phenomenon of identity concealment bu the main character in the anime 91 Days, Angelo Lagusa, who disguises himself as Avilio Bruno to revenge his family’s murder. The focus of this research is to identify and classify the ego defense mechanisms by Sigmund Freud employed by Angelo thoughout this process of concealment. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method and a literary psychology approach, this research aims to provide a detailed description of how ego defense mechanism is manifested in the character’s actions and behavior. Data was collected through direct observation of all episodes in the series. The analysis reveals that four primary ego defense mechanisms are predominant. These four primary ego defense mechanisms are repression, sublimation, displacement and rationalization. Repression emerges as the most prominent mechanism, characterized by Angelo’s constant effort to suppress emotional drives (id), particularly in pain, rage and trauma into the subconscious to prevent them from interfering with his primary mission. Meanwhile, sublimation is evident when he channels his emotional energy into strategic and structured planning for his revenge. Displacement is observed in moments where his anger is redirected toward less threatening targets. Furthermore, rationalization is used by Angelo to justify his harsh and cruel actions with the logic of vengeance and justice. This research concludes that Angelo as Avilio in disguise is not merely a narrative strategy but an external representation of a complex internal psychological dynamic, where the ego functions as a mediator between the demands of the emotional id and the constraints of reality. Through this analysis, this research is expected to contribute to development of literary psychology studies, particularly in understanding the psychological construction of fictional characters through a Freudian theoretical lens.

This study aims to analyze the ego defense functions used by the character Cinderella in facing oppression perpetrated by her stepmother and stepsisters in the Walt Disney film Cinderella (1950). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, namely an approach that focuses on depicting phenomena in depth and systematically. Research data were obtained through analysis of dialogue, storyline, and the behavior of the main character relevant to the focus of the study. The analysis was conducted with reference to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, particularly the concept of ego defense mechanisms as a form of individual response to psychological stress. The results of the study indicate that the character Cinderella uses five types of ego defense mechanisms in facing conflict and emotional stress, namely repression, denial, displacement, rationalization, and reaction formation. These ego defense mechanisms play an important role in helping Cinderella maintain emotional stability, manage psychological suffering, and maintain a positive attitude amidst the oppressive situation she experiences.

This study examines the negotiation of self-loss through the denial defence mechanism in Rosé’s album Rosie (2024) using a Freudian psychoanalytic approach. Popular music is positioned as a cultural text that articulates psychological conflict and emotional vulnerability, particularly within toxic romantic relationships. Employing qualitative textual analysis and close reading, this research focuses on three selected songs namely Number One Girl, Toxic Till the End, and Stay a Little Longer to explore how denial operates as an ego defence in managing emotional pain and relational trauma. The findings reveal that denial functions through three interrelated forms: affective denial, cognitive denial, and symbolic denial. Rather than serving merely as a temporary protective mechanism, denial operates continuously to sustain emotional attachment, delay confrontation with loss, and gradually erode the subject’s autonomy and identity. This process results in a negotiated form of self-loss, in which the subject remains psychologically functional while experiencing progressive fragmentation of the self. By reading the album as a coherent psychological narrative rather than isolated songs, this study contributes a novel conceptual framework for understanding the dynamics of self-loss and denial in popular music, while extending psychoanalytic approaches to the analysis of contemporary female musical texts and affective trauma.

According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, mental disorders occur due to conflicts between the id, ego, and superego that give rise to anxiety and abnormal behavior. At the Pamardi Raharjo Banjarnegara Social Service House, this conflict is diverted through a skills guidance program that aims to improve the independence and quality of life of Beneficiaries (PM). The program includes training in doormat crafts, salted egg making, paving blocks, and flannel crafts, each of which is guided by a dedicated mentor and followed by a stabilized PM. The activity of making mats aims to train motor skills and social interaction and produce products with selling value. The making of salted eggs not only teaches production skills, but also fosters confidence and economic independence. Paving block activities are more focused on motor training and cooperation between PMs even though they are not yet worth selling. Meanwhile, flannel handicrafts guided by Mbak Retno became a new activity that provided space for expression and creativity. All of these activities are designed to distract PM's passive behavior and equip them with useful practical skills after leaving the orphanage. Thus, skills-based approaches have proven to be effective in supporting the overall rehabilitation and empowerment process of PM.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

The rapid growth of digital technology has significantly transformed the way children access entertainment, particularly through streaming platforms such as Netflix. One popular animated series, Masha and The Bear, especially the episode “Tracks of Unknown Animals,” presents rich visual symbolism suitable for analysis through a semiotic approach. This study applies Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, focusing on the concept of the superego, to examine the character of the Bear, who demonstrates patience, protectiveness, and tolerance toward Masha’s curiosity-driven behavior. The main objective of this research is to reveal how the representation of the superego is embodied through the Bear’s actions and responses in various challenging situations. The semiotic analysis interprets visual signs, expressions, and character interactions within the narrative. The findings indicate that the Bear serves as a moral figure representing the function of the superego in controlling Masha’s impulses and behavior. Therefore, this animated film not only provides entertainment but also conveys moral messages that reflect psychological and educational values for its audience.

In contemporary media, characters who self-diagnose with psychological disorders often reflect deeper emotional and psychological complexities rather than clinically accurate conditions. One compelling example is found in the British dark comedy-drama series The End of The F**ing World*, where James claims to be a psychopath. However, this self-diagnosis raises critical psychological questions: Is James truly incapable of empathy, or is his label a defense mechanism masking unresolved trauma from his childhood? By applying Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory—particularly the structural model of personality (id, ego, superego)—alongside Anna Freud’s theory of defense mechanisms, this study investigates the role of self-diagnosis not as an objective or medically valid truth, but as a psychological shield to avoid emotional vulnerability and confrontation with repressed pain. James' behaviors are analyzed through selected scenes and dialogues in the series, with additional triangulation from the original graphic novel to support the interpretation. The analysis reveals that James’ declaration of being a psychopath aligns more with mechanisms such as repression, projection, and emotional numbing, rather than the clinical criteria of psychopathy. His emotional detachment is revealed to be a constructed barrier stemming from maternal loss, neglect, and fear of connection. The study concludes that self-diagnosis in this context acts as a subconscious strategy to cope with unresolved trauma and to maintain psychological equilibrium amid inner conflict. This case exemplifies how fictional representations can mirror real-life struggles with identity, mental health, and the desire to label complex emotions through simplified diagnostic terms, especially in youth who lack proper support systems.  

This study discusses the character of Acha in the novel Mariposa by Luluk HF using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach. Acha is described as a teenager who is persistent in pursuing love, but has a complex inner conflict. This study was conducted because psychological issues, especially in teenagers, are very relevant in modern life. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach with Freud's structural analysis of personality, namely id, ego, and superego. In this study, Acha shows the dominance of the id when expressing love impulsively, the ego when adjusting to the bitter reality, and the superego when choosing honesty even though it is painful. The presence of supporting characters also strengthens Acha's psychological dynamics in the story. The results of the study show that Acha's internal conflict is a reflection of the struggle between desire, reality, and morality, and describes the process of maturing teenage characters. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in literary works and their relevance to the lives of teenagers today.

The phenomenon of social pressure experienced by individuals often triggers complex inner conflicts and affects their psychological stability. This study aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the character Alena in facing social pressure in the novel Lilin by Saniyyah Putri S.S. The data collection technique used was a literature study by reading, recording, and identifying data from the novel. The data analysis technique used was a qualitative descriptive analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, which includes the id, ego, and superego. The results of the analysis show that the character Alena experiences an inner conflict that is predominantly influenced by social pressure from the family and community environment, which is reflected through the tug-of-war between subconscious drives and the moral values she believes in. The conclusion of this study is that the inner conflict experienced by Alena is raised in the continuity between the id, ego, and superego, which strengthens the relevance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in understanding the dynamics of the psyche of fictional characters

The phenomenon of social pressure experienced by individuals often triggers complex inner conflicts and affects their psychological stability. This study aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the character Alena in facing social pressure in the novel Lilin by Saniyyah Putri S.S. The data collection technique used was a literature study by reading, recording, and identifying data from the novel. The data analysis technique used was a qualitative descriptive analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, which includes the id, ego, and superego. The results of the analysis show that the character Alena experiences an inner conflict that is predominantly influenced by social pressure from the family and community environment, which is reflected through the tug-of-war between subconscious drives and the moral values she believes in. The conclusion of this study is that the inner conflict experienced by Alena is raised in the continuity between the id, ego, and superego, which strengthens the relevance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in understanding the dynamics of the psyche of fictional characters

This study analyzes the representation of psychological trauma and collective memory in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud and Maurice Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques applied to the text. The findings reveal that the trauma experienced by the main character, Biru Laut, reflects internal conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, as well as the emergence of various defense mechanisms such as repression, sublimation, and acting out. Trauma is portrayed not only as an individual experience but also as a collective wound affecting families and communities, which manifests in symbolic actions like the Kamisan protest. The novel serves as a cathartic space and cultural archive that voices historical wounds while advocating for justice and social recovery. Thus, Laut Bercerita functions not only as a literary work but also as a reflective medium for understanding and preserving the nation's collective trauma.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society.