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Developing and developed countries rely heavily on the use of electrical energy to carry out social and economic activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze economic growth and its influencing factors in the period 2004-2023. This research uses time series data. The data method used is the VECM model. The results of this study indicate that there is a one-way causality relationship between variables. In the short term only CO2 emission variables affect economic growth, while in the long term all variables such as electricity and population can affect economic growth.

Indonesia is the first palm oil producing country and palm oil exporter in the world. In recent years, the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports has decreased. The determinants of the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports are the United States dollar exchange rate, the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantations, and the price of CPO. This research aims to analyze the influence of the United States dollar exchange rate, oil palm land area, and CPO prices in the short term and long term, simultaneously and partially on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The type of data in this research is secondary data in the form of quantitative data obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank Indonesia and the World Bank. This research was conducted in Indonesia from 1994-2023, with a total of 30 observations. The data analysis technique used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of the research show that the US dollar exchange rate and the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantations in the short and long term have a significant effect, while the CPO price has an insignificant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The United States dollar exchange rate, the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantations, and the price of CPO simultaneously influence the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The United States dollar exchange rate has a partially negative and significant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. The area of ​​Indonesian oil palm land has a partially positive and significant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports. CPO prices have a negative and partially insignificant effect on the volume of Indonesian palm oil exports.

This research examines the impact of the use of cloud storage by companies on various types of security breaches, both in the short and long term. Adoption of cloud storage is associated with an increase in external breaches and unintentional internal errors in the short term. However, over time, the positive relationship between use of Cloud storage and external infringement becomes less significant in the long term. Research findings show that use of cloud Storage can reduce the risk of unexpected internal error in the longer term, but does not have a significant relationship with harmful internal breach. This research confirms the importance of companies allocating resources wisely to manage security risks in using cloud storage for both short- and long-term purposes. The researchers contributed to an understanding of the security of cloud storage by applying the theory of attention, which highlighted the importance of paying attention to temporal aspects in the management of enterprise IT security through various attention mechanisms.

This research aims to determine the effect of debt policy on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in the food and beverages sector from 2019 to 2020 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.  Debt policy is proxied by short term debt (STD), long term debt (LTD), and total debt (TD), while financial performance is used by return on equity (ROE). The method in qualitative research in determining the sample uses a purposive sampling method. The sample used was 9 companies.  The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Based on the research results, it shows that the table shows that the results of the t test (partial) are that the short term debt variable is 0.456 > 0.05 so that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means that this independent variable partially has no significant effect on the Return on Equity variable. The long term debt variable is 0.019 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and HA is accepted, which means that this independent variable partially has a significant effect on the Return on Equity variable, while the total debt variable is 0.002 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means  This means that this independent variable partially has a significant effect on the Return on Equity variable. Companies included in the Food and Beverages sector manufacturing company group listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2019-2020 period. Potential investors who want to invest must consider the company's existing debt policy.  You need to pay attention to the debt strategy used, because long-term debt will affect the company's financial performance.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of using non-cash payment instruments on the demand for currency in Indonesia. Time series data is used in the time period 2009 to 2023 with monthly observations. The analysis approach uses the Error Correction Model (ECM) to assess the correlation between variables in the short and long term. The estimation results confirm that the use of ATM/debit cards has a positive and significant impact on the need for currency, both in the short and long term. In contrast, credit card use shows a negative and significant impact on the need for currency in both time periods. Meanwhile, the use of e-money does not have an impact in the short term, but has a positive impact in the long term on the need for paper money in Indonesia. Therefore, this research suggests that Bank Indonesia should encourage more use of electronic payment tools to encourage people to reduce the use of currency, and promote the concept of a society that uses less cash (less cash society).