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This study examines the systemic transformation of Japan’s refugee and immigration policy from 2021 to 2025, exploring how humanitarian paradigms have been superseded by state security considerations. The research aims to analyze how Japan constructs refugees as an existential threat to legitimize its restrictive reception regime, synthesizing Realism and Constructivism to explore the intersection of securitization, national interest, and identity. Methodologically, this paper employs a qualitative interpretive case study by integrating Ruth Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and Interpretive Process Tracing (IPT) to examine government texts, policy documents, and parliamentary debates. The findings reveal a profound policy asymmetry driven by intersubjective threat framing and institutionalized topoi (abuse, threat, law and order). Ukrainian displaced persons are positively categorized as evacuees (hinanmin) to align with G7 geopolitics, whereas traditional asylum seekers are pejoratively labeled as "repeated applicants" and framed as threats to public order, social harmony (wa), and ethnic homogeneity (tan’itsu minzoku). This discursive construction successfully legitimizes extraordinary measures within the 2023 amendment of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (ICRRA), including the abolition of automatic deportation suspensions and the expansion of a surveillance state via alternative monitoring (kanri sochi). Ultimately, this study demonstrates that international norm compliance is deeply mediated by domestic cultural appropriateness (nihonjinron). It implies the necessity for future ethnographic research on grassroots impacts and suggests transparent asylum evaluation metrics aligned with non-refoulement principles.

The escalation of negative sentiment in the digital space towards Rohingya refugees in Indonesia throughout 2023-2026 has reflected a shift in public perspectives, from humanitarian principles to restictive rejection. This study aims to analyze how digital discourse on TikTok dan Instagram platforms frames the Rohingyan refugee issue as a national security threat through the lens of Barry Buzan`s Securitization Theory and Ruth Wodak`s Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK). This study uses qualitative methods with note-taking techniques and filtering hastag-based viral data related to refugee rejection. The results show that the securitization process was successfully driven by three main typologies of netizen narratives: domestic socio-economic jealousy, delegetimization of Internasional authorities (UNHCR) by referring to popular legal discourse on the 1945 Constitution, and demands for an active role for the military (TNI AL) and Polair at maritime borders. The accumulation of speech acts that have gone viral on social media is evidence of the creation of strong horizontal pressure, thus urging the Indonesian goverment to review its policies towards a more restrictive direction (viral-based policy) to prioritize national soverignity and security over global humanitarian commitments.

In an era marked by complex global threats and the intensification of visual media, contemporary security studies must expand their understanding of securitization beyond linguistic speech acts to include visual dimensions. This article examines how visual narratives shape global threat perceptions through aesthetics that operate performatively and emotionally. Using a qualitative approach and visual discourse analysis, this study demonstrates that images, symbols, and visual representations in media play a significant role in constructing issues such as terrorism, migration, pandemics, and climate crises as existential threats. Visuals not only convey information but also activate emotions such as fear, empathy, and urgency, which in turn influence security policies. However, the findings also highlight the need for caution against the manipulative potential of visuals that may reinforce stereotypes and distort reality. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of fostering visual literacy and adopting ethical approaches in global security communication.

Immigration has become a central issue in U.S. national security policy, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. The discourse around immigration is increasing, especially in the context of national security policy, which leads to the securitization of immigration. This process constructs immigration as a security threat, which justifies a strict political and policy response. In former President Obama's perspective, U.S. immigration policy has been focused on national security since the beginning of his presidency. This emphasis is manifested through increased border surveillance and inclusive and humane immigration law enforcement through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Instead, Donald Trump's administration adopted a more secure approach, focusing on border security and immigration restrictions, including a controversial border wall and travel ban. This shift reflects a broader shift in U.S. domestic politics and global perceptions. Understanding these differences provides insight into how immigration policy impacts U.S. national and public security.

Membahas tentang justifikasi fitur-fitur securitization of bank assets (SBA) sebagai proses dan sebagai sumber pembiayaan aktivitas inovasi. Untuk tujuan ini, posisi securitization di antara instrumen-instrumen inovasi keuangan didefinisikan, fitur-fitur dasar model securitization dibandingkan dengan model pembiayaan lainnya dijelaskan, dan kekhasan penerapan tiga model securitization (klasik, sintetik, korporat) dalam menyelesaikan masalah optimasi aset bank dan pengurangan risiko bank serta dalam pembiayaan inovasi ditetapkan. Efisiensi penggunaan model SBA dijelaskan. Teks tersebut juga membenarkan bahwa bukan hanya bank yang mengelola risiko kredit yang menerima kemungkinan baru dalam operasi securitization, tetapi juga klien yang tertarik untuk mengurangi biaya dana pinjaman yang digunakan, serta investor yang menerima instrumen keuangan yang sangat menguntungkan dan pada saat yang sama berisiko rendah dalam pelaksanaan proyek inovatif yang mereka miliki.

ABSTRAKSI   : Rumah merupakan kebutuhan yang mendasar bagi keluarga, namun sulit dipenuhi karena bunga KPR yang tinggi. Sehingga  diperlukan alternatif sumber pembiayaan perumahan yang murah melalui Sekuritisasi Aset, yaitu merubah piutang-piutang milik originator menjadi aset yang liquid dalam bentuk Efek Beragun Aset (EBA).  Kelembagaan yang dapat melakukan sekuritisasi aset yaitu Trust, Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) dan Conduit. Kegiatan conduit membeli piutang-piutang KPR kemudian dilakukan sekuritisasi yang dijual kepada investor dalam bentuk Surat Utang ataupun Surat Partisipasi. Hasil sekuritisasi asset berupa EBA, maka bunganya lebih rendah daripada bunga bank. Hasil penjualan EBA diberikan kepada originator untuk disalurkan kembali dalam bentuk KPR baru. KATA KUNCI   : Kebutuhan Rumah, Sekuritisasi Aset