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This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive analytical research type through a literature study method. The research data were obtained from various written sources such as scientific journals, books, research articles, and other documents relevant to the research topic. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation by reading, recording, and classifying data according to the focus of the research. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Civic Education has an important role in instilling tolerance values in students through materials related to diversity, democracy, human rights, and Pancasila values. Civic Education learning helps students understand the importance of respecting differences in ethnicity, religion, culture, and opinions in everyday life. In addition, teachers also play an important role in fostering tolerance through group discussions, teamwork, and presentation activities that train students to respect and cooperate with one another. However, there are still obstacles in implementing tolerant attitudes, such as environmental influences and the lack of awareness among some students. Therefore, cooperation between teachers, schools, and parents is needed to continuously foster students’ attitudes of tolerance.

The optimal therapeutic impact of local vaginal drug delivery systems is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics balance of Solid Vaginal Suppositories. A comprehensive review regarding the comparison of mechanical profiles, specifically melting time and crushing strength parameters, from various base classifications constitutes the primary objective of this literature research. The implementation of a Literature Review study design was executed through the extraction of empirical data from twelve experimental journals published within the last ten years. Excessively rapid phase transformation characteristics at physiological basal temperatures and low compression resistance were consistently demonstrated by lipophilic bases such as Oleum Cacao. The risk of structural deformation during the distribution process is highly susceptible to unmodified lipid preparations. High surface elasticity accompanied by a delay in molecular hydration duration reaching 120 minutes was recorded in the utilization of Glycerinated Gelatin Base. Structural rigidity exceeding 4 kgF and disintegration time efficiency under 60 minutes were optimally demonstrated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Base. An enhancement in mechanical resistance against external shocks during the storage period is offered by the thorough modification of the synthetic polymer ratios. Therefore, the determination of the PEG base as the most optimal material is recommended to maintain the quality stability of pharmaceutical products. Compendial regulation standards regarding the physical strength testing of pharmaceutical preparations must be obeyed by every institution to ensure long-term treatment effectiveness. Thus, the alignment between active substance release duration and physical preparation endurance can be realized for absolute patient comfort.

The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is a key component of healthcare digital transformation, as mandated by the Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 of 2022. EMR is expected to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and the quality of nursing services. However, its implementation at M Hospital continues to face challenges, particularly in terms of infrastructure readiness and the digital literacy of nursing staff. This study aims to analyze the effects of infrastructure readiness and digital literacy on the implementation of nursing EMR, with perceived usefulness as an intervening variable. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving all nurses at M Hospital, with a total sample of 100 respondents using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results indicate that infrastructure readiness and digital literacy have both direct and indirect effects on EMR implementation through perceived usefulness (p < 0.05). Among the independent variables, infrastructure readiness demonstrates the strongest influence. These findings support existing theories and prior research. From a managerial perspective, the results highlight the importance of improving infrastructure to optimize EMR implementation. In conclusion, infrastructure readiness and digital literacy significantly influence the successful implementation of nursing EMR, with perceived usefulness acting as a key mediating factor.

This study examines the role of QRIS as a non-cash payment system in supporting the digitalization of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The rapid growth of digital transactions has encouraged MSMEs to adopt more efficient, practical, and secure payment systems. This study aims to integrate the benefits and barriers of QRIS, map its position in the MSME digitalization process, and develop a conceptual framework for future research. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study design was employed, utilizing relevant academic sources related to QRIS, MSMEs, digital payments, and user behavior. Data were analyzed using content analysis by comparing, interpreting, and synthesizing findings from selected literature. The results indicate that QRIS contributes to simplifying transactions, improving operational efficiency, reducing cash dependency, and supporting MSMEs’ adaptation to digital payment trends. However, its implementation remains constrained by factors such as digital literacy, user readiness, trust, and infrastructural limitations. The study also highlights that QRIS adoption is influenced not only by technological advantages but also by perceived value and user trust. Therefore, QRIS can be positioned as a strategic instrument in accelerating the digital transformation of MSME payment systems. The findings imply the need for further empirical research to examine the direct impact of QRIS adoption on MSME performance and sustainability.

University libraries play a strategic role in supporting academic learning and research. This study aims to evaluate user perceptions of library service management at UIN Madura, focusing on five key dimensions: clarity of service information, effectiveness of staff coordination, organizational structure support, simplicity of service procedures, and consistency of orientation for new users. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through an online Google Form-based questionnaire distributed to active UIN Madura students from various study programs, resulting in 21 valid respondents from diverse academic backgrounds. Data analysis was conducted descriptively using frequency distribution and percentages. The results indicate that user perceptions of library governance are generally quite positive. The majority of respondents gave good ratings to the clarity of service information (85.7% agreed or strongly agreed), the effectiveness of staff coordination (81%), and the organizational structure support (90.5%). However, the new user orientation dimension received the lowest rating, with 23.8% of respondents disagreeing or strongly disagreeing. These findings indicate the need for a more systematic and sustainable strengthening of the library orientation program. Overall, the service management and governance of the UIN Madura library were assessed as quite good. However, improvements are still needed in the aspects of socialization and guidance for new users so that this university library service can function optimally in supporting the academic community.

Digital transformation in public administration has become one of the strategic agendas in modern bureaucratic reform to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and quality of public services. This study aims to analyze the digital transformation of public administration through a comparative study between Indonesia and South Korea, particularly in the implementation of digital government. This study uses a qualitative method with a comparative study approach and is supported by library research through secondary data collection from scientific journals, international agency reports, government policy documents, and relevant previous research. The data analysis technique uses descriptive-comparative analysis with the theoretical approaches of Digital Era Governance (DEG), Institutional Theory, New Public Management (NPM), and Socio-Technical Systems Theory. The results of the study show that South Korea has succeeded in developing an integrated digital government because it is supported by consistent national policies, strong data interoperability, high bureaucratic capacity, adaptive organizational culture, and equitable distribution of digital infrastructure. In contrast, Indonesia is still in the transition stage from e-government to digital government and faces various obstacles such as fragmentation of inter-agency systems, low data interoperability, inequality in digital infrastructure, limited ASN competency, and bureaucratic resistance to change. Based on the Digital Era Governance theory, South Korea has successfully implemented the principles of reintegration, needs-based holism, and digitization of changes, while Indonesia remains suboptimal in terms of bureaucratic integration and services based on public needs. This study concludes that the success of digital transformation in public administration is determined more by institutional strength and bureaucratic reform than simply by technology adoption. Therefore, Indonesia needs to prioritize digital transformation as a comprehensive national reform agenda to create a modern, responsive, and service-oriented government.

This study focuses on the elements of gharar (uncertainty), tadlis (fraud), and breach of contract in examining multiple transactions of a single land object from the standpoint of Islamic economic law. The rising frequency of disagreements over land purchases and sales brought on by the same seller engaging in overlapping transactions, unclear ownership status, and a lack of transparency has prompted this research. This study aims to investigate the effects of these activities on Indonesian positive law and Islamic economic law. This case study employed an empirical legal approach and was carried out in Grogol Village, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency. Data was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation by the buyer, seller, and local authorities. The findings indicate that due to unclear land boundaries and ownership status, the transaction contained significant elements of gharar and tadlis because the seller concealed important information about the previous transaction. Furthermore, the seller's failure to fulfill obligations stipulated in the contract constitutes a breach of contract under positive law. This study demonstrates that these practices not only violate legal regulations but also contradict the principles of Islamic economic law such as justice, transparency, and good faith. According to this study, legal awareness, administrative accuracy, and institutional oversight are vital to prevent such issues in the future.

This study examines the meaning of eschatology in the teachings of the Catholic Church as a source of hope and comfort for the faithful. The eschatological meaning of comfort and hope is rooted in the belief that human life is not completed in limitations, suffering, and death at this time, but leads to the fulfillment of God's promise of life with Him. This research uses a qualitative method through literature study by analyzing church documents, theological thoughts and execes from books and articles to compile and present the topic of this research. The results show that the principle of eschatology is rooted in belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and that it affirms the promise of eternal life and provides comfort and hope over suffering and death. The teachings of death, judgment, and eternal life are the basis of hope as well as comfort for the people in facing the various crises of life. In addition, eschatology is also relevant in today's life because it encourages people to live in love, justice, and moral responsibility as a manifestation of faith.  

Self-development is a crucial competence for navigating the professional world; however, many individuals face significant barriers in optimizing this potential. This study aims to formulate an integrative model of Quranic Tadabur and bibliotherapy as a professional therapeutic intervention in counseling, addressing gaps in existing literature. Using a library research method with content analysis, the findings indicate that Quranic Tadabur effectively enhances essential self-development skills, including self-awareness, work motivation, problem-solving, time management, emotional regulation, critical and creative thinking, and social collaboration. Within the bibliotherapy framework, the self-development process is structured through stages of motivation, incubation, follow-up, and evaluation. Furthermore, several counseling techniques are proposed, such as self-management, minimal contact, counselor-led management, and directed counseling, to support individual growth. This integrative approach highlights the role of spirituality in fostering holistic personal and professional development. The study contributes theoretically to the advancement of spirituality-based counseling models, particularly in the context of modern career development, and offers a conceptual foundation for future empirical research.

In social practice, land sale and purchase transactions are still frequently conducted through private agreements, mainly driven by mutual trust between the parties, cost considerations, and the perception that such procedures are simpler and faster. From the perspective of civil law, such sale and purchase agreements remain valid and legally binding as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of a valid contract as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. However, within the national land law system, land sale and purchase agreements executed under private deeds cannot serve as a legal basis for the transfer of land rights because they are not made before a Land Deed Official (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT) as required by statutory regulations. This divergence in legal regulation gives rise to legal uncertainty, particularly for buyers acting in good faith. On the one hand, the agreement creates rights and obligations under civil law; on the other hand, it fails to provide legal certainty over land rights due to its inability to be registered. This condition reflects a tension between the civil law regime and the land law regime, while also indicating the weak legal protection afforded to good-faith buyers. These issues constitute the basis and urgency of this research.

In this study, advocates are guaranteed legal protection to implement the right to defence in criminal cases.   to learn how criminal advocates are protected if they enforce the law.   The privilege of immunity shields advocates from civil or criminal litigation for good faith work inside and outside the court.   This study uses normative juridical research, which examines current laws and regulations.   Analysis of relevant legislation is needed for this research.   According to the study, Article 16 of Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates does not adequately describe advocates' immunity rights.   Lack of clear explanations of protection types, rights constraints, and good faith between advocates and other parties may lead to power abuses.   More extensive norms that are in keeping with other articles of the law are needed to apply advocates' immunity rights proportionately, guaranteeing freedom in performing their profession while maintaining society's and justice's legal interests.

This study aims to test the influence of digital literacy and the use of accounting applications on the effectiveness of MSME information systems with user competence as a mediating variable. The research sample amounted to 100 MSME actors in Gresik City who were selected using purposive sampling techniques according to the research criteria. Data testing was carried out using a quantitative approach using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method through the SmartPLS application. The results of the study show that digital literacy and the use of accounting applications have a positive effect on the effectiveness of MSME information systems. Meanwhile, user competence does not have a significant effect and is unable to mediate the influence of digital literacy and the use of accounting applications on the effectiveness of information systems. This research is expected to provide benefits for MSME actors in increasing the use of digital technology and accounting applications, as well as become an academic reference for future research. The limitations of this study lie in the scope of the MSME scale, which has not considered external factors, and the research model that has not fully explained the role of user competence as a mediating variable.

The purpose of this study was to determine the direct influence of work motivation on work ethic and ethical responsibility, the influence of ethical responsibility on work ethic, and the indirect influence of work motivation on work ethic through ethical responsibility as an intervening variable on employees at the Human Resources Development Agency of Jambi Province. The method used was quantitative research. The results of the study showed that work motivation towards work ethic had a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), work motivation towards ethical responsibility had a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), and ethical responsibility towards work ethic had a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05). Furthermore, the indirect effect of work motivation on work ethic through the ethics of responsibility has a significance value of 0.000 (P <0.05), so that work motivation influences work ethic through the ethics of responsibility as an intervening variable. In conclusion, work motivation influences work ethic through the ethics of responsibility as an intervening variable for employees at the Human Resources Development Agency of Jambi Province.

Dengue remains a major vector-borne disease worldwide, and the increasing resistance of Aedes aegypti to synthetic insecticides has encouraged the exploration of environmentally friendly botanical larvicides. This study aimed to systematically evaluate scientific evidence regarding the larvicidal potential of endemic Kalimantan plants against Aedes aegypti and to identify priority candidates for future research. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed across Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, MDPI, Wiley Online Library, Garuda, SINTA, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2016 and January 2026. A total of 925 records were identified, and after duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility assessment, 88 studies were included in the final synthesis. The results showed that botanical larvicides rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, limonoids, and sulfur compounds demonstrated significant larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. However, no direct larvicidal studies were identified for endemic Kalimantan species, including Fibraurea tinctoria, Arcangelisia flava, Dacrydium beccarii, Agathis borneensis, and Scorodocarpus borneensis. These findings highlight substantial evidence gaps and indicate that Kalimantan biodiversity represents a promising source of novel larvicidal agents for sustainable dengue vector control.

This study explores the themes of poverty and educational values in the novel Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah by Naguib Mahfouz using the sociology of literature approach developed by Alan Swingewood. The novel is selected because it portrays the social reality of Egyptian society in the 1940s, particularly the lower class facing economic hardship, social inequality, and limited social mobility. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method through reading, note-taking, and library research. The data are drawn from narratives, dialogues, and events in the novel that reflect both poverty and educational values. The analysis is conducted by relating the textual content to its social and historical context. The findings indicate that poverty is not merely an economic issue but also a structural condition affecting the psychological, moral, and social aspects of the characters. Furthermore, the novel conveys educational values, including religious, moral, social, and cultural dimensions, which are closely linked to the realities of pre-revolutionary Egyptian society. Overall, Swingewood’s approach highlights the novel as a form of social critique as well as a medium for fostering readers’ social awareness.

This research purposes to improve the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at UPT SDN 274 Gresik regarding local culture for the 2024/2025 academic year. The methodology used is classroom action research. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests to assess students’ critical thinking skills and observations to assess student and teacher activities. The data analysis used included calculating the average scores from the tests and the results of the observations. The sample used in this research comprised of fifth-grade students at UPT SDN 274 Gresik during the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of the research indicate that the average score on the critical thinking skills test increased from 50.36 in the pre-action phase to 67.14 in Cycle I, and reached 86.43 in Cycle II. The findings of the teacher activity observations displayed an increase from 3.89 in Cycle I to 4.00 in Cycle II. The average results of student activity observations also increased from 68.21 in Cycle I to 86.43 in Cycle II. These results lead to the conclusion that the contextual approach proved effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills regarding local cultural material.

This research is motivated by the issue of employee productivity at Estetiderma Clinic Bekasi, as indicated by the unmet distribution target data during the 2021–2024 period. In addition, there are indications that improvements are needed in the effectiveness of recruitment methods and employee work discipline, as reflected in the attendance data. The purpose of this study is to determine whether recruitment (X1) and work discipline (X2) have an effect on employee productivity (Y), either partially or simultaneously, at Estetiderma Clinic Bekasi. The research method used is associative quantitative research. The population and sample consist of all 130 employees of Estetiderma Clinic Bekasi. The data analysis techniques employed include multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test). The results of the study show that: (1) the recruitment variable (X1) has a t-value of 9,503 > t-table 1.978 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a positive and significant effect of recruitment on employee productivity; (2) the work discipline variable (X2) has a t-value of 13,154 > t-table 1.978 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity; and (3) the simultaneous F-test result shows an F-value of 114.347 > F-table 3.067 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, which means that recruitment and work discipline simultaneously have a significant effect on employee productivity. These two variables contribute 64.3% to employee productivity, while the remaining 35.7% is influenced by other factors not included in this study.

The development of modern organizations requires the integration of psychological aspects into management practices in order to enhance individual performance and well-being. Issues such as work stress, motivation, and psychology-based leadership have become increasingly important in responding to the dynamics of complex work environments. This study aims to examine the development and trends in management psychology and to identify its contributions to organizational practices. The research questions posed are: (1) how has management psychology research developed over the past five years, and (2) what are the main themes and their contributions to organizational management. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review through the Google Scholar and Publish or Perish databases using the keyword “management psychology.” A total of 20 articles were obtained, then selected through a screening and eligibility process, resulting in 5 articles being analyzed. The results of the review indicate three main themes, namely stress management and psychological well-being, work motivation, and psychology-based leadership and human resource management. These findings confirm that psychology plays a strategic role in improving organizational effectiveness. This study concludes the importance of a holistic approach in management psychology and recommends further, more integrative research.

Archives are documents stored by an institution responsible for managing documents or organizing archival programs. Archives have an important role as a source of information in an agency so it is important to research. This study aims to analyze the management of incoming and outgoing mail archives in Rangkah Kidul Village, Sidoarjo District using descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. The focus of this study is the management of archives from the stages of creation, use, maintenance and reduction of archives. Informants in this study with five informants. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that 1) the process of creating archives is running quite well supported by the use of the Ebuddy application, although it is still physical. 2) at the stage of archive use, searching is still done manually by searching one by one depending on one officer. 3) at the stage of archive maintenance, the storage process is based on the time of creation, but has not been sorted based on use value and there is no SOP. 4) at the stage of archive reduction, there has never been a transfer or destruction so all archives are still stored.

The economy of a country, including Indonesia, is a system that encompasses all production, distribution, and consumption activities occurring within the country. In the economy, problems often arise that can affect the welfare of society. The problem formulation in this study is: How is the regulation and supervision of both internal and external banks carried out to prevent customer personal data leakage in credit agreements? And how is the responsibility of BPR Karya Sari Sedana towards the leakage of customer debtor data? The research method used is empirical legal research. The conclusion in the study is the protection of customer data against personal data leakage by understanding the forms of supervision from both internal and external parties conducted by the banking institution and referring to the OJK regulations that have been established, in order to minimize the recurrence of similar incidents and allow the public to conduct transactions safely without worrying about their personal data. Leaked by irresponsible individuals. The responsibility carried out by the banking sector currently, namely the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 22 of 2023 concerning Consumer and Community Protection in the Financial Services Sector, also regulates consumer protection in the financial services industry. Forms in policies related to regulations in the banking world ensure that the public does not worry about their personal data.