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This study aims to formulate an engineering strategy for water quality management and pollution control in the Tiku Sub-watershed, North Musi Rawas Regency. The study used a descriptive approach by integrating selected technical data from a dissertation-based assessment with semi-structured interviews involving 20 key informants representing technical agencies, village and subdistrict governments, community leaders, artisanal and small-scale gold mining actors, farmers, and riverbank communities. The analysis focused on water quality status, water availability and demand, pollution sources, perceived impacts, implementation constraints, and priority interventions. The results showed that the Tiku Sub-watershed is under significant environmental pressure. The average pollution index was 6.65, indicating a moderately polluted status, while mercury, cadmium, phosphate, and ammonia were the dominant parameters of concern. Surface water availability remained relatively adequate at 45,842,699.79 m3/year, and the average Criticality Ratio was 0.266; however, the water pollution carrying capacity was poor. Interview results indicated that mercury use and processing waste from artisanal gold mining were the most urgent issue (35%), followed by land-cover change and riparian degradation. The recommended strategy combines mercury-free processing technology, alternative livelihood development, cross-sectoral supervision, riparian rehabilitation, and transparent water-quality monitoring. The findings imply that watershed engineering should integrate technical, institutional, and socio-economic interventions.

The Celeng Behel tradition is a form of local wisdom practiced by the people of Soropadan Village, Pringsurat District, Temanggung Regency, and is carried out through the Sadranan Kali ritual. This study aims to explain the form and function of the Celeng Behel tradition in the community’s daily life. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with folklore and semiotic approaches. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed to understand the cultural meanings behind the tradition. The results show that the Celeng Behel tradition has two main forms. First, it exists as oral folklore in the form of stories passed down from generation to generation. Second, it appears as a ritual practice, namely Sadranan Kali, which is held every year on the 10th of Sapar at Bendung Pondoh. The ritual includes communal prayers, the preparation of offerings, and the release of ducks into the river. These activities symbolize the community’s gratitude for the water that supports their farming and daily needs. The tradition also has important functions. It serves as a way for the community to express their hopes and concerns about nature, especially related to water and agriculture. It also strengthens social rules and cultural values that have been passed down over time. From a semiotic point of view, the symbols used in the ritual have both direct meanings and deeper cultural meanings that form shared beliefs in the community. In conclusion, the Celeng Behel tradition is not only a cultural activity, but also an important way to maintain harmony between humans, nature, and spiritual values in the life of the Soropadan community.

The pollution of the Ciliwung River caused by urban and commercial activities has become an increasingly critical environmental issue, reflecting the weak effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in urban areas. This condition is evident in the area surrounding Seasons City Mall, where ecological pressure resulting from domestic waste and commercial activities has contributed to the deterioration of river water quality. This study aims to analyze the implementation of environmental law enforcement, identify the obstacles to controlling pollution in the Ciliwung River, and formulate strategies for optimizing sustainable environmental protection. The research employs a qualitative approach using normative juridical and empirical methods through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The findings reveal that environmental law enforcement has been implemented through administrative supervision and waste control mechanisms; however, its effectiveness remains limited due to weak inter-agency coordination, inadequate monitoring capacity, low compliance among business actors, and limited public participation. This study concludes that strengthening integrated supervision, enforcing consistent legal sanctions, and enhancing collaboration among government institutions, business sectors, and communities are essential to achieving sustainable pollution control and environmental protection of the Ciliwung River.

This study aims to analyze the environmental impact of waste generated by the gecko processing home industry based on environmental law regulations in Indonesia. In its processing activities such as lizards and snakes. These activities produce organic waste in the form of animal organs, blood, body fluids, and other waste in the materials that are later utilized as catfish feed. The research method used is qualitative with a normative juridical approach, statutory approach, and literature study. Data were obtained from laws and regulations , scientific journal, and environmental law literature. The results of the study indicate that the disposal of waste into rivers can increase Biological Oxyen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels, cause unpleassant odors, and reduce water quality and public health. The utilization of waste as catfish feed can reduce the amount of waste disposed of, however, it still requires hygienic processing to prevent biological risks. From the perspective of environmental law, the direc disposal of the waste into rivers is not in accordance with Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. Therefore, better waste management is needed through proper waste treatment, increased awareness among business actors, and goverment supervision so that home industries can operate sustainably and in an environmentally friendly manner

Households in Yabansai Urban Village, Heram District, Jayapura City, experience recurrent clean-water shortages as the Kampwolker River, the raw-water source of PDAM UPP Waena, discharges decline. This study examines the supply-demand balance of clean water and community adaptation strategies in meeting household water needs. Demand was calculated using the Directorate General of Cipta Karya (1998) standard for a subdistrict town (90-100 L/person/day). Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 60 households across 12 RWs and two PDAM staff, supported by field observations of the intake, distribution network, boreholes, and household storage facilities. The results show that Yabansai's demand is 1,582,650-1,758,500 L/day, while PDAM UPP Waena's net distribution capacity is 2,268,000 L/day in the wet season and 1,008,000 L/day in the dry season. Because this capacity serves several areas, the wet-season surplus is only nominal, and the dry-season capacity is insufficient even for Yabansai alone. Despite this structural shortfall, 61.7% of respondents rate water availability as "Very Sufficient": community practices (water storage, rainwater harvesting, boreholes, water purchase) form an adaptive equilibrium that sustains daily activities but remains costly and vulnerable. The study recommends watershed rehabilitation, source diversification, distribution transparency, and network extension to unserved RWs.

Takaras River is a river basin that is vulnerable to pollution, particularly from the mercury usage in small-scale gold mining. This study aims to identify water quality based on mercury (Hg)and pH levels in the Takaras River. Samples were taken at two locations using a purposive sampling method. Results showed indications of mercury use on former gold mining land around the Takaras River altought the mercury content level was below 0.075 µg/L or 0.00075 mg/L in sample 1 and 2. Based on the test results, the acidity level (pH) in the two water samples from Takaras River is 3.86 and 3.84 in sample 1 and 2, compared to the maximum pH quality standard of 6-9 for Class II water, it is concluded that the scale of acidity in Takaras River is very low, indicating that the water quality in the Takaras River is highly acidic, abnormal, and shows signs of serious pollution. The implications of low pH levels in the Takaras River can cause damage to the Takaras River ecosystem, a decline in soil quality and fertility, and an increase in heavy metal toxicity in the environment surrounding the river.

This community service activity was carried out on 21 September 2024 at Banksasuci (Bank Sampah Sungai Cisadane), Cihuni, Gading Serpong, Tangerang Regency, as part of the SOUL PROJECT (Save Our Earth With Law) organized by the Student Executive Board of the Faculty of Law, UPN Veteran Jakarta. The program focused on urban planning and water management in relation to the impact of development on Cisadane River water quality. The Cisadane River is one of the most vital water sources in Banten Province, supplying raw water for PDAM, agriculture, fisheries, and industry. However, rapid urbanization—marked by dense residential sprawl and industrial expansion—has caused a significant and sustained decline in river water quality. Research shows that COD and BOD concentrations in the Cisadane River trended upward continuously from 2005 to 2012, driven by industrial effluents concentrated in Jatiuwung and domestic wastewater from slum settlements. Institutional management of the river remains fragmented across multiple agencies at city, provincial, and national levels with weak coordination. This activity engaged approximately 50 participants through legal education sessions, participatory field discussions, river cleaning, and tree-planting activities. Results indicate a significant increase in participant awareness of the link between spatial planning, infrastructure development, and river water quality. This program recommends integrated spatial governance and community-based monitoring as key strategies for protecting the Cisadane River ecosystem.

Water is an essential need for all living things on Earth to support various vital biological processes. Without water, life cannot exist because of its role as a solvent, nutrient transport medium, and temperature regulator. Water in nature does come from various sources such as rivers, lakes, rain, and groundwater, which are not all clear because they are contaminated with particles or other substances, in contrast to mountain springs which are often purer. In this study, a water filtration system was created aimed at making turbid water purify to be suitable for use by assessing the NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) of turbid water due to suspended particles such as mud or sediment, thus producing clear water suitable for use for household or irrigation purposes. The use of two Siemens S7-1200 PLCs as controllers in the water filtration system is a reliable redundant approach to automate mechanisms such as pump, valve, and NTU sensor settings. PLC 1 is used for the filtration system and PLC 2 is used for the water distribution system. The water distribution process uses a DC pump that runs when it receives input from the water level sensor in the raw water tank and clean water tank. The water filtration process has three main stages: reading the water turbidity level using a turbidity sensor, regulating the water flow rate using a solenoid valve, and filtering the water using filter media. The system's operation can be monitored and controlled through a SCADA system. Both PLCs are connected using an OPC server for communication between the PLC and SCADA. The OPC server sends data from the PLC to the Wonderware InTouch application as the SCADA system. To monitor and control the SCADA system, users must log in to access the system.

The Ciliwung River Basin is a strategic watershed with significant ecological, social, and economic functions, yet it is increasingly threatened by land use change, rapid urbanization, and water pollution, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan area. This study aims to assess the water quality condition of the Ciliwung River based on real time monitoring data from the ONLIMO system and to examine spatial and temporal variations in water quality status along the middle and downstream segments. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using secondary data obtained from three ONLIMO monitoring stations, namely Masjid Istiqlal, Pintu Air Manggarai, and Kelapa Dua Srengseng Sawah, during the period of 6–12 May 2025. The analyzed parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and other relevant physicochemical indicators. The results indicate that the water quality of the Ciliwung River generally falls within lightly to moderately polluted categories, with higher pollution levels observed in the middle segment of the river. Critical parameters influencing pollution status include Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and consistently low dissolved oxygen levels. These findings demonstrate that pollution in the Ciliwung River is persistent and cumulative, highlighting the urgency of integrated watershed management, strengthening real time water quality monitoring, and enhancing cross sector collaboration to support effective pollution control and sustainable river restoration.

The development and revitalization of the Sungai Asam drainage system in Jambi City face serious problems in the form of river sedimentation and limited channel capacity, which trigger flooding. These conditions necessitated a design change for bank protection from revetment to a retaining wall (Dinding Penahan Tanah/DPT) in the SA223 to SA228 segment. This study aims to analyze the construction cost and implementation duration of the DPT resulting from the design change. The theoretical framework covers retaining wall concepts, cost estimation (Bill of Quantities), and construction project scheduling. A descriptive-analytical method was applied using secondary data, including design drawings, work volumes, the 2025 Water Resources and Human Settlements Unit Price Analysis (AHSP), the 2025 Jambi Provincial Standard Unit Prices, and time analysis using the S-Curve and Critical Path Method (CPM). The results indicate that the total construction cost of the DPT in the SA223–SA228 segment is IDR 9.524.259.092,02, while the project duration is determined based on the critical path identified through CPM analysis. The discussion confirms that the design change significantly affects work complexity, construction costs, and schedule adjustments. The study concludes that systematic and measurable cost and time analyses are essential as a technical basis for decision-making in river revitalization projects to ensure effectiveness, efficiency, and the sustainability of flood control infrastructure.

This study aims to describe the condition of clean water access and its impact on public health in Swadaya Village. The research employed a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with household heads, community leaders, health workers, and local water managers. The findings reveal that access to clean water in Swadaya Village remains very limited. Most residents rely on dug wells and river water for daily needs, while only a small portion use water from the local water utility (PDAM) due to high installation costs and limited pipeline coverage. The water quality often decreases during the dry season, becoming cloudy, odorous, and causing skin irritation. These conditions contribute to the increasing incidence of waterborne diseases such as skin infections, diarrhea, and typhoid fever. Besides infrastructure limitations, the lack of community awareness regarding hygiene and sanitation practices worsens the situation. Although the village government has proposed clean water development programs, their implementation has been hampered by budget constraints. The study concludes that clean water problems in Swadaya Village are not only related to resource availability but also to environmental management and community behavior. Therefore, improving water infrastructure must be accompanied by community education to promote a healthy, safe, and sustainable living environment.

PT. Hamparan Mulya operates in the coal mining industry and applies an open-pit extraction system. In this mining method, managing surface water particularly rainwater is essential to ensure smooth operations. An effective drainage system is required to prevent runoff water from contaminating nearby rivers, lakes, and surrounding ecosystems. One practical approach used in mining operations is the construction of settling ponds, which function as treatment units for water collected in the sump before it is released into natural waterways. This study aims to identify the appropriate storage capacity for the settling pond and sump by analyzing rainfall data using the Log Pearson Type III method. The analysis produced a design rainfall value of 507.16 mm/day and a rainfall intensity of 56.94 mm/hour. With a catchment area of 14 km², the resulting runoff discharge reaches 30,782.16 m³/hour. Based on these parameters, the settling pond must be engineered to accommodate a total discharge of 30,782.16 m³/hour.

Rainfall plays a crucial role in determining flood risk, particularly in regions with high precipitation intensity and limited drainage capacity. Langkat Regency in North Sumatra is one of the areas frequently affected by seasonal flooding. This study aims to model the spatial distribution of rainfall and estimate the rainwater volume using the double integral approach as a basis for flood mitigation planning. Monthly rainfall data from various observation stations in 2024 were processed to obtain the average rainfall intensity, which was then converted into meters and multiplied by the total area of Langkat Regency to compute the rainwater volume. The results indicate that the total estimated rainwater volume throughout 2024 reached 16,409,819,800 m³, with peak precipitation occurring from September to November, contributing significantly to the increasing flood risk in low‐lying zones and riverine areas. These findings demonstrate that the use of double integrals is an effective quantitative method for predicting potential flood volume based on rainfall distribution. The outcomes of this study are expected to serve as a scientific reference for local governments in developing data-driven flood mitigation strategies, such as improving drainage capacity, constructing retention basins, and strengthening watershed management.

The background of this study is the practice of open defecation (OD), which is a public health problem. OD refers to the act of disposing of feces in open areas such as rice fields, fields, bushes, rivers, and beaches, which can pollute the environment, soil, air, and water. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community in RT 05 Haya Village, Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency regarding stopping ODD. This study used a descriptive method, with a sample of 40 families selected through a random sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that most people had quite good knowledge about ODD, with 50% of respondents in the quite good category. Community attitudes were also quite good, with 70% of respondents showing a positive attitude towards stopping ODD. However, community actions were still less good, with 42.5% of respondents showing less good actions regarding ODD. The conclusion of this study is that although the knowledge and attitudes of the community in Haya Village were quite good, their actions were still lacking. Therefore, cooperation is needed between the village government, Tehoru Health Center, and community leaders to regularly hold outreach regarding BABS.

Development in Banten Province has created conflict in development due to the dominance of a minimalist modern science approach, which prioritizes economic growth while ignoring environmental carrying capacity and socio-cultural values. As a result, Banten faces a serious environmental crisis, as evidenced by high emissions of air pollutants (PM2.5, SO2) and river water pollution by industrial waste. This study aims to analyze the negative impacts of this disorganized model and propose a comprehensive solution framework. This study formulates the Holistic Development Model (HDM). The HDM is a transformative solution that synergistically integrates three pillars: Modern Science (providing technology and data), the Ecosystem Approach (providing a systemic framework and nature-based solutions), and Local Cultural Values ​​(forming the basis of ethics and social motivation) through a Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual-Case Analysis. The implementation of MPH in case studies such as Integrated Coastal Management and Integrated Agriculture demonstrates that this integration produces high-yielding, equitable, and sustainable systems. In conclusion, MPH is a crucial strategy for Banten to shift from destructive development to equitable, resilient, and locally rooted development, making ecosystem health a key measure of success.

Clean water is a fundamental necessity; however, many regions still struggle to access it due to contamination by suspended particles, organic matter, and harmful microorganisms. This activity aims to strengthen the practical competence of Biology Education students at Universitas Negeri Medan through training in making simple water filters. The training was conducted through demonstrations and simulations using turbid water from the Tembung River as a sample. The filter was constructed from readily available materials such as used plastic bottles, cotton, tissue, sand, small gravel, and palm fiber arranged in layers. The results showed that the filter effectively reduced water turbidity and enhanced students’ skills in clean water treatment technology. The training also encouraged students to develop 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration, while preparing them as future educators capable of raising community awareness about the importance of maintaining water quality. Therefore, this training has the potential to be developed as an applicative environmental education model that contributes positively to clean water provision.

This study evaluates the retrofit design of the Semat weir on the Kali Gawe in Jepara Regency. The retrofit aims to adjust the weir’s hydraulic capacity to accommodate estimated flood discharges while ensuring the structure’s stability under applied loads. In the agricultural context, adequate water availability for irrigation directly affects crop yields; conversely, the rainy season often increases river flow and flood risk. Irrigation structures such as weirs are therefore required to raise river water levels to divert flow into irrigation channels and to regulate water distribution. Flood discharge estimates were derived from precipitation data and watershed (drainage basin) characteristics. Flood hydrograph planning is a critical design step for the weir. Log-Pearson Type III analysis was used to determine probable precipitation values for several recurrence intervals. Those design precipitation values were then converted into design flood discharges using synthetic unit hydrograph methods, specifically the Snyder, Nakayasu, and Gamma HSS approaches. Employing the Gamma synthetic unit hydrograph for the 50-year return period (Q50) produced a design flood discharge of 2,536.52 m³/s for that recurrence interval. Structural stability analyses of the redesigned weir indicate safety factors well above customary thresholds: overturning resistance factor = 11.6 (required ≥ 1.5), sliding resistance factor = 4.80 (required ≥ 2.0), and piping (internal erosion) factor = infinite (required ≥ 4). All evaluated stability parameters therefore satisfy standard safety criteria.

Oil palm is a leading commodity that makes a major contribution to Indonesia’s economy, yet a significant productivity gap remains between actual and potential yields. A principal cause is suboptimal water management, which leads to flooding during the rainy season and drought in the dry season. This study develops a Conceptual Design (CD) for water management to map existing problems, analyse root causes, formulate improvement measures, and present a macro-level cost estimate for the study site. The research was conducted at an oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan anonymized as “PT XYZ.” The site was selected due to recurrent flooding and a recent change in ownership that limited data availability, making it well-suited for a CD-stage assessment. The objective is to identify water management issues and propose effective recommendations. A quantitative approach integrates primary data from field observations and measurements with secondary data. The analyses cover flood problem assessment, Water Management Zoning (WMZ/ZPA), rainfall analysis, hydrology, hydraulics, improvement proposals, and macro cost estimation. Results indicate that challenges are driven by swampy land conditions and inadequate channel and hydraulic structure capacity. Micro-watershed delineation using DEMNAS identified four ZPAs totalling 479–4,061 ha. Design rainfall was derived from CHIRPS satellite data using a log-normal distribution. Hydrologically, peak discharges range from 3.87–22.58 m³/s for the 2-year return period and 4.46–26.31 m³/s for the 5-year return period. Hydraulically, the proposed dimensions for rivers, outlet drains, carrier drains, and field-edge drains are 4×3×2 m to 9×7×3 m (T=2 years) and 4×3×2 m to 10×8×3 m (T=5 years), while collection and main drains are proposed at 3×2×2 m for both return periods. The total estimated investment for the 5-year design scenario is IDR 27,999,263,000.

Urban riverbank areas are strategic spaces that hold ecological, social, cultural, and economic significance. In Pematang Siantar City, the Bah Bolon River has the potential to be developed as a sustainable urban ecotourism corridor. However, its current condition is marked by environmental degradation, infrastructure limitations, and poor spatial utilization. This study aims to identify development strategies that integrate environmental conservation, community-based tourism, and urban revitalization through placemaking and sustainable planning. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach focusing on the Bah Bolon River area in Pematang Siantar City. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, documentation review, and literature studies. The analysis involved descriptive mapping, SWOT analysis, community preference surveys, and land suitability assessments. Findings revealed that three key river segments—RINDAM I/BB area, Jalan Diponegoro–Jalan Jenderal Sudirman corridor, and the Quan Im Temple zone—exhibit varying levels of potential for ecotourism, cultural heritage, and public green space development. Key issues include pollution, informal land use, weak coordination, and insufficient infrastructure. Development opportunities include white-water rafting, thematic parks, spiritual reflection gardens, and creative economic zones. The study proposes an integrated riverbank development strategy, encompassing spatial zoning, ecological restoration, tourism infrastructure, community empowerment, and regional branding. It recommends the establishment of a multi-sector management agency, master planning, and cross-stakeholder collaboration to transform Bah Bolon River into a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban corridor.

Floods are the most frequent natural disasters and cause material and non-material losses. One of the problems faced is the lack of early warning when floods occur. This problem can be overcome with a flood early warning system. This paper discusses the solution to this problem, namely by designing and implementing a real-time flood early warning system using IoT-based Internet of Things (IoT) technology ESP32 MQTT and APK Kodular. The objective of this research, compared to previous studies, shows a gap in the methods used. While previous studies used an IoT-based flood warning system that sends data via SMS or an HTTP server, this study applies real-time monitoring with the MQTT protocol, which allows sending water level data with low latency to the Kodular application for faster and more responsive warnings. The method used is to connect hardware with IoT where ESP32 is a client that sends data to MQTT and will display it in the Kodular APK. This flood early warning system consists of: ultrasonic sensors, ESP32, MQTT cloud, OLED, buzzer, LED, and APK on the phone to receive notifications through a mobile application created using Kodular. This IoT-based system is installed in the Kudu Regency river and can monitor water levels in real-time. Based on a predetermined threshold, the system can activate the LED indicator or buzzer and send an early warning message to the user via the APK on the phone. Test results show that this system functions effectively in providing flood warnings with an accuracy of 1-2 cm and in a timely manner, making it suitable for community-based flood monitoring solutions