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The digital era has brought significant changes in the way humans access, store, and share information. Amidst these technological advances, major challenges have emerged to the protection of individual privacy rights. Personal information is increasingly easy to collect and process by various parties, both by state institutions, technology companies, and individual users. On the other hand, the need for freedom of information is also increasing, especially in the context of transparency, public participation, and data openness. The balance between cybersecurity and freedom of information is a crucial issue that must be addressed comprehensively. This paper aims to examine the protection of privacy rights in the digital era by highlighting the tension between data security efforts and demands for information openness. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that privacy protection requires clear regulations, such as the Personal Data Protection Law in Indonesia, as well as public awareness in protecting personal data. On the other hand, freedom of information must still be maintained so that it is not misused to violate individual rights. Therefore, a balanced approach is needed between regulation, education, and technology to create a digital space that is safe, fair, and respects human rights.  

One of the changes experienced by humans is communication technology. Along with the development of the era, communication technology has also developed massively until it reached the digital era like today. However, this development does not always have a positive impact. One of the negative impacts that arises is the violation of the right to privacy. The right to privacy that will be discussed is in the form of personal data. Legal problems related to personal data are one of them shown in the rampant buying and selling of personal data that occurred in Indonesia. The incident was suspected of being to attract the interest of marketing personnel. Through international instruments, the constitution, and its legislation, Indonesia has had a number of regulations related to the protection of the right to privacy in the form of personal data. However, of course, in its implementation there are still challenges and obstacles. The research method used in compiling this scientific article is the literature study method (normative juridical). Although Indonesia has many laws that regulate the protection of the right to privacy, regulations related to this matter have not yet fully succeeded in securing individual personal data properly.

The development of technology and the internet has changed the way humans communicate. One form of this development is the presence of social media. Social media has now facilitated fast and easy interaction. The increasing number of users also increases the potential for criminal acts of misuse of personal data. Misuse of personal data, especially on social media, requires comprehensive mitigation. This study aims to analyze efforts to overcome victims of criminal acts of misuse of personal data on social media, both through penal and non-penal channels. With a normative legal and empirical legal research approach through a study of laws and regulations and legal literature as well as interviews. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of the study show that penal efforts include collecting evidence, identifying perpetrators, and imposing sanctions in accordance with the Personal Data Protection Law. Meanwhile, non-penal efforts are carried out through public education, the establishment of personal data protection institutions, and monitoring social media activities. The main inhibiting factors in this mitigation are the lack of implementing regulations, limited technical capabilities of law enforcement officers, and minimal public awareness of the importance of personal data. This study concludes that synergy between penal and non-penal efforts is needed to protect individual privacy rights in the digital era

Human rights are inherent to the essence and existence of humans as creatures of God Almighty, and they are gifts that must be respected, upheld, and protected by the state, law, government, and every individual for the dignity and protection of human beings. Domestic violence (KDRT) is a violation of human rights, a crime against human dignity, and a form of discrimination that must be eliminated.The focus is on the legal protection efforts for women victims of domestic violence and the prevention and mitigation efforts against violence towards women. In conclusion, to improve this situation, integrating restitution into the criminal justice system is a solution to be considered. Therefore, while the PKDRT marks a significant step in legal protection for victims of domestic violence, integrating restitution and increasing awareness and commitment from all involved parties are crucial to ensuring better protection and justice for victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. Thus, to enhance the effectiveness of handling violence against women, good coordination among various institutions and disciplines is needed, along with strong commitment from society, law enforcement agencies, and the government to take necessary actions to create a safe and just environment for women. Recommendations for discussion include legal education and awareness, integrated protection, strengthening of medical evidence, socialization and funding, effective criminal prioritization, and restitution as an alternative. The formation of an integrated committee, strengthening gender-sensitive legal systems, education and attitude change in society, establishment of crisis centers or shelters, firm repressive actions, and integration of anti-violence norms are also suggested.

Global warming occurs due to changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and also very extreme weather phenomena. These human rights are in the form of rights to life and health, where climate change can directly threaten the rights to life and health of humans. An increase in global temperatures can also cause the frequency and intensity of heat waves to increase, which can cause deaths and heat-related illnesses. In addition, changes in rainfall patterns can cause extreme flooding and drought, resulting in physical damage, disease, and loss of life. Water-borne and vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, are also expected to increase with climate change. Not only that right but there is also the right to food, where if there is a change in the climate, this can affect global food security. Changing weather patterns, such as increased frequency and intensity of droughts, floods, and storms, can damage agricultural land and reduce crop yields. This threatens the right to food, especially for communities that depend on subsistence agriculture. Additionally, rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns can affect crop productivity and livestock health, impacting food supply and food prices.