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The study of power in higher education institutions is important because power dynamics influence not only formal organizational systems but also informal relationships within academic communities. This research aims to analyze patterns of power manifestation in higher education institutions, understand their influence on organizational behavior, and identify the structural and cultural aspects involved in the process. The method applied in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), conducted through collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing various relevant literature related to power and governance in higher education. The findings indicate that pro-social manifestations of power and structural empowerment can positively contribute to job satisfaction and create a healthier and more conducive academic climate. On the other hand, centralized authority and unequal power relations may generate various negative impacts on organizations, such as reduced participation and institutional effectiveness. Therefore, higher education institutions need to implement a more participatory and adaptive governance model to minimize the negative effects of power asymmetry while strengthening collaboration, inclusiveness, and the overall quality of the academic environment.

Pregnancy is a physiological process that occurs in women, approximately 50% of women at the beginning of their pregnancy experience nausea and vomiting to varying degrees. Nausea and vomiting usually occur in the morning during early pregnancy or the first trimester, which is called morning sickness. There are many methods of treating nausea. and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. One non-pharmacological way is to use lemon, lavender and peppermint aromatherapy. This research method uses a literature review which includes a systematic search study of computerized databases (Google School and PubMed) taken within the last 5 years from 2019-2024. The articles obtained in the search were 12 journals, but after reviewing the articles and adjusting them to the titles, there were 5 journals. Conclusion: Lemon and peppermint aromatherapy have the same effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women, while lemon aromatherapy is more effective than lavender aromatherapy.

Papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) is a tropical plant widely consumed as food and known to contain various bioactive metabolites with potential health benefits. The increasing interest in natural products as functional resources highlights the importance of reviewing the chemical characterization and health applications of papaya bioactive compounds. This article aims to systematically review the types of bioactive metabolites found in papaya fruit, the chemical characterization methods applied, and their potential applications in the health sector. This review was conducted through a literature study of relevant scientific articles, focusing on metabolite identification and biological activity evaluation. The results indicate that papaya fruit contains diverse bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and proteolytic enzymes. These compounds are commonly characterized using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Several studies have reported that papaya bioactive metabolites exhibit biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This review suggests that papaya fruit has promising potential as a functional natural resource for health and pharmaceutical applications.

The student teaching internship program in the Zakat and Waqf Management Study Program within the Sharia Marketing Management course, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, was implemented to strengthen students’ pedagogical and conceptual competencies through direct classroom experience. The program aimed to encourage active student engagement by integrating theoretical knowledge with practical teaching application. Key activities included reviewing the Semester Learning Plan (RPS), preparing a sample PowerPoint (PPT) learning material, delivering classroom presentations, observing the learning process, and conducting reflective evaluations from September to December 2025. The methods applied consisted of participatory observation, teaching practice, documentation, and systematic self-reflection. The results indicate improvements in teaching competence, conceptual understanding, and students’ soft skills, despite challenges such as low audience participation and limited references. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of experiential learning in internalizing prophetic ethical values, understanding the halal marketing mix, and comprehending Halal Product Assurance (JPH) regulations. This program contributes positively to curriculum strengthening and supports the development of Indonesia’s halal industry, while enhancing students’ readiness as agents of sharia economic development.

The global environmental crisis caused by plastic pollution has intensified in recent years, particularly in aquatic ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, creating an urgent need for effective and sustainable solutions. This article explores the potential role of aquatic bacteria in degrading plastic polymers by reviewing the biological and molecular mechanisms these microorganisms use to break down complex synthetic materials. Special attention is given to key genes and enzymes involved in plastic degradation, including PETase and MHETase, which play a critical role in the decomposition of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In addition, the article highlights advanced gene expression and analysis techniques, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to better understand bacterial activity and degradation dynamics in natural environments. The main problem addressed is the continuous and unsustainable production and consumption of plastics, which has resulted in extensive pollution of freshwater and marine systems, while conventional waste treatment methods remain largely ineffective. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive scientific review of biotechnological approaches used to analyze and utilize aquatic bacteria for plastic degradation, focusing on molecular aspects and environmental applications. Using a literature review method, studies published between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed to evaluate effective bacterial models, technological challenges, and future prospects. The findings indicate that aquatic bacteria offer promising potential as biological tools for mitigating plastic pollution through sustainable environmental strategies.

Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s richest countries in terms of biodiversity, including a wide variety of traditional medicinal plants. One of the lesser-known yet promising local species is matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst), whose leaves have been traditionally used by local communities to treat various ailments, including diarrhea and seizures. This study aims to investigate the pharmacological effects of matoa leaf extract, with a particular focus on its anticonvulsant activity, while also reviewing its potential chemical constituents as a basis for herbal medicine development. The research was conducted using a combination of literature review and experimental testing on mice (Mus musculus) induced with strychnine to trigger seizures. Key observed parameters included seizure onset time and survival duration (dead time) following the administration of either synthetic drugs or matoa leaf extract. The results demonstrated that the matoa leaf extract exhibited significant anticonvulsant effects, as indicated by prolonged seizure onset and increased survival time in test animals. These pharmacological effects are presumed to be related to the presence of active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which may contribute to the stabilization of the central nervous system. Compared to conventional synthetic anticonvulsants, matoa leaf extract may offer a safer, plant-based alternative with potentially fewer side effects. The findings of this study provide valuable scientific evidence supporting the potential of Pometia pinnata leaves in the development of Indonesian herbal phytopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of further research, including preclinical and clinical trials, to validate efficacy, determine optimal dosages, and ensure safety for human use.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the lifestyle of credit relationship managers (RMs) and the potential for fraud on the occurrence of non-performing loans in the banking sector. Relationship managers are the spearheads of credit distribution, interacting directly with customers, so their behavior, lifestyle, and integrity have a significant impact on the quality of a bank's credit portfolio. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a systematic literature review approach, reviewing various recent studies related to bank employee lifestyles, factors driving fraud, and their correlation with non-performing loans. The results indicate that a consumptive lifestyle disproportionate to income can increase the risk of fraudulent behavior, such as manipulation of credit analysis or collusion with customers, which ultimately results in an increase in non-performing loans. Furthermore, weak internal control systems, pressure to achieve credit targets, and moral hazard exacerbate this risk. A lifestyle that prioritizes social symbols and self-image can also encourage employees to engage in deviant behavior to maintain this lifestyle. Several studies have shown that RMs trapped in a hedonistic lifestyle are more vulnerable to conflicts of interest and violations of professional ethics. Meanwhile, the potential for fraud in banking practices is also influenced by employees' weak personal financial literacy, as well as limited training in risk management and ongoing work ethics. In an organizational context, a work culture oriented toward achieving targets without regard for the quality of credit analysis has the potential to create a work climate that is permissive of irregularities. This study recommends strengthening a culture of integrity through the establishment of a firm code of ethics, technology-based supervision (such as an AI-based fraud detection system), and regular training on a healthy financial lifestyle and risk management for RMs.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by impaired insulin function, impaired insulin secretion, or both, resulting in a hyperglycemic condition. Patients with type 2 DM generally exhibit characteristics such as a Random Blood Glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL and an HbA1c  level exceeding 6.5%. The accuracy of medication administration to patients must also consider the rationality of antidiabetic therapy in order to influence the success rate of optimal therapy. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of patient appropriateness and indication appropriateness in outpatients with type 2 DM at Tabanan Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Tabanan). This study employed a semi-quantitative observational research design with a retrospective approach by reviewing patient medical records from the initiation of therapy. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, whereby samples had to meet predetermined inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the age group with the highest prevalence of DM patients at RSUD Tabanan was over 56 years old (74%), with a predominance of females (63%). The most common comorbidity among DM patients was hypertension alone (24.5%). Based on the findings, the percentage of patient appropriateness rationality among DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 97.5%, while the percentage of indication appropriateness rationality in type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 98.5%.

Biochemical pathways are the complex pathways of chemical reactions vital to maintain cellular homeostasis, control metabolism and modulate responses to physiological stimuli. Recent developments in the omics technologies, gene editing tools, and systems biology have significantly deepened our understanding of these pathways, changing the scientific paradigm from linear reactions to complex and interrelated regulatory networks. This review examines the changing face of metabolic and signaling pathways including but not limited to glycolysis, TCA cycle, MAPK, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT and their role in health and disease. Particular attention is paid to pathway analysis innovations, including CRISPR/Cas9, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and computational modelling and their revolutionary effect on discovery of new drug targets and pathway specific therapeutics. In reviewing the most recent advances in cancer metabolism, immune signaling, and cross-pathway interactions, this paper emphasizes the translational promise of pathway-centric research for personalized medicine, especially in oncology, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. The review attempts to bridge basic biochemical research with clinical applications, and provides a window into the manner in which pathway-based interventions are influencing the future of precision therapeutics.

This study aims to identify the description of Commitment and Marital life Satisfaction. This study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method, in order to answer research questions in a structured manner, by referring to the PRISMA 2020 model by reviewing 100 articles with keywords, namely (1) marriage commitment, (2) marriage satisfaction, and (3) commitment and marital life satisfaction. This research used the EndNote X9 application to obtain 5 articles from the Google Scholar database with the help of Harzing Publish or Perish (PoP). The results of this study show that commitment and marital life satisfaction are interrelated in maintaining marital harmony. Commitment, demonstrated through responsibility, support, and long-term orientation, is the foundation of marital stability. Couples with high commitment are better able to deal with challenges such as age difference or long distance thanks to open communication and effective conflict resolution. Factors such as religion, social support and the presence of children also affect satisfaction. Religious values strengthen relationship resilience, while unfulfilled expectations for children can decrease satisfaction.

The increasing use of gadgets among medical students raises concerns about the health impacts, especially on sleep quality and eye health. Medical students have a high intensity of digital device use due to academic demands, which has the potential to cause excessive exposure to blue light (blue light), sleep disturbances, and eye fatigue (eye strain). This study aims to explore the relationship between the duration of gadget use with sleep quality and eye strain in medical students and to understand the factors that strengthen or weaken its impact. The research method used is qualitative descriptive based on a literature study by reviewing literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant documents. The results of the study showed that exposure to blue light can reduce melatonin production, disrupt circadian rhythms, and cause sleep disorders such as insomnia. In addition, long-term use of gadgets without sufficient rest increases the risk of digital eye strain, characterized by symptoms such as dry eyes, blurring, pain, and headaches. Medical students who are susceptible to intensive exposure to digital screens are at higher risk of this disorder. In conclusion, there is a strong interconnection between gadget use, sleep quality, and eye fatigue. Preventive efforts such as screen time management, use of blue light filters, and education about healthy visual habits are important to maintain the health and productivity of medical students.

Anxiety is a natural response that individuals may experience in response to situations that are perceived as potentially dangerous or threatening. It can be described as a state of apprehension or worry about the possibility of something undesirable happening. Adolescence is a transitional period filled with physical, emotional, and social changes, making it a stressful time. At this age, adolescents are not only developing physically, but also building their social and emotional identities. This study uses a library research approach, which is a research method carried out through tracing, reviewing, and analyzing relevant scientific literature sources. The results of this study indicate that cognitive therapy has been shown to play an important role in reducing anxiety levels in adolescents. This approach is a form of therapy that focuses on changing the way individuals think to influence their behavior and emotional responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating anxiety symptoms in adolescents.

Negligence in pharmaceutical services is a multifaceted issue that significantly impacts patient safety, the quality of healthcare delivery, and the professional reputation of pharmacists in Indonesia. Such negligence can occur at various stages of pharmaceutical services, including prescribing, dispensing, storage, and administration of medication to patients. The causes of negligence are diverse, encompassing excessive workload, inadequate understanding and application of professional ethical codes, ineffective communication between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, and suboptimal supervisory and audit systems. This study aims to analyze the ethical and professional implications of negligence in pharmaceutical services and to identify preventive efforts that can improve the quality of pharmaceutical services. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach, thoroughly reviewing scientific literature indexed in Sinta and other reputable academic sources to analyze the ethical and professional implications of negligence in pharmaceutical services. Findings reveal that negligence not only violates core professional ethical principles such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice but also exposes pharmacists to serious legal and disciplinary sanctions. Furthermore, negligence leads to long-term negative consequences, including diminished public trust in pharmaceutical services and the broader healthcare system, ultimately hindering national efforts to improve healthcare quality. Therefore, this study recommends continuous professional ethics training, strengthening of both internal and external supervisory mechanisms, and the innovative use of information technology to minimize negligence risks in pharmaceutical practice. The implementation of these measures is expected to enhance pharmaceutical service quality, uphold the integrity and dignity of the pharmacist profession, and provide optimal patient protection in Indonesia.

The No Smoking Area (KTR) is a form of protection for the community from the adverse effects of smoking, which is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016. This study aims to analyse the implementation of the KTR policy in the Regional Apparatus Organisation (OPD) of Merangin Regency by reviewing four aspects of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of OPD parties involved in the implementation of KTR. The results showed that in the communication aspect, KTR policies have been socialised through print and electronic media, but delivery training has not been carried out optimally. In the resource aspect, limited human resources, funds, and facilities are the main obstacles in implementing KTR. In the disposition aspect, most OPDs show commitment in implementing KTR, but have not been supported by providing incentives or awards. In the aspect of bureaucratic structure, there is no special SOP or organisational structure in each OPD for KTR implementation, so the implementation is still not running optimally. In conclusion, the implementation of the KTR policy in Merangin Regency has not run optimally because there are still weaknesses in the four aspects, especially related to coordination, human resources, and supporting institutions.

Stunting is a failure to achieve physical development measured by weight for age. The limitation of stunting is height according to age based on Z-score equal to or less than -2SD (Standard Deviation) below the standard average. In 2005 - 2011 Indonesia ranked fifth with the highest prevalence of stunting. The purpose this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. This study used a literature review method conducted by searching for relevant journals trough Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed and DOAJ database. Inclusion criteria for reviewing the content of references in English and Indonesia publish in the last ten years. Research result from various literatures show that research finding from various sources indicate that the factor influencing stunting toddler aged 24-59 months include maternal knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, and disease history.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that affect the quality of life and productivity of individuals. LBP lasting more than 12 weeks is categorized as chronic LBP and often has no specific cause. Core stability exercise (CSE) is one of the effective rehabilitation methods in managing pain and disability in chronic LBP patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CSE in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP based on a literature review. Methods: This study used the literature review method by reviewing various relevant studies related to CSE and chronic LBP. Data sources were obtained from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PEDro. Articles used had inclusion criteria in the form of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English, and involving patients with non-specific chronic LBP. Article quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Results: From the analysis of eight articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that CSE has significant effectiveness in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score showed a greater reduction in the group undergoing CSE compared to the control group or other therapeutic methods. Moreover, the combination of CSE with adjunctive therapies such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), interferential therapy (IFC), and myofascial release technique (MRT) showed better results in reducing pain and improving postural stability and physical function. Conclusion: CSE can be an effective rehabilitation method to reduce pain and improve core muscle stability in patients with chronic LBP. Combination with other therapies may provide more optimal results.

The combination of nursing, medical, and surgical sciences is often integrated into medical surgical nursing science. Medical surgical nursing is a branch of nursing that combines medical and surgical sciences to provide comprehensive care to patients. This is because nurses are required to have knowledge and technical skills that are adaptive to today's health world. In order to optimize this, a holistic study is needed to identify gaps that need to be fixed, both in terms of practice, development, and education. However, there has been no research that examines these things. Therefore, this study aims to explain the multi-perspective study of medical surgical nursing with a literature review. The method used is a literature review with various literatures from Google Scholar. The results of the study show that most of the scientific literature that studies medical surgical nursing has supported studies from the perspective of development, assessment, and education. Some of this literature can be used as a basis for reviewing and evaluating the world of surgical nursing more comprehensively so that it can be improved according to the findings of field research.

Pharmaceutical Wholesalers or commonly known as PBFs are companies in the form of legal entities that have permits to procure, store and distribute large quantities of pharmaceutical supplies in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. PBF must implement a quality system that includes quality risk management principles. An effective quality management system must include a Corrective Action and Preventive Action (CAPA) process to address deviations and prevent the same problems from occurring again in the future. The research was carried out by reviewing cases found by the Center for Food and Drug Monitoring (BBPOM) at PBF "X" and then continuing with an analysis of corrective actions and corrective actions that needed to be taken to overcome these cases of deviation. The results of the research show that the preparation of the CAPA by PBF PBF “X” has implemented most of the provisions contained in the CDOB guidelines well.

Stages in hair styling, such as hair coloring, straightening, the use of styling tools and chemicals in hair styling products often over time can cause damage to the scalp and hair. The level of this damage varies, ranging from dry hair to breakage, as well as irritation of the scalp. This study aims to review and determine the right scalp and hair care cosmetics with the level of damage caused to the styling process. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources and recommendations for treatment products. The results of the study prove that treatments based on moisturizers, proteins, and natural ingredients are effective in tackling mild to severe hair damage. Meanwhile, for irritated scalps, products with anti-inflammatory and sulfate-free ingredients are recommended. In conclusion, the selection of cosmetics should be adjusted to the degree of hair damage and the condition of the scalp for optimal results.

Introduction: Children's and mothers' health determines the level of family and community health. The health empowerment success relies on the maternal mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate. The delivery prevalence with the SC method increases around the world by more than 10%-15% as recommended. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the prevalence of section caesarea procedures is high, 40.5%. The data of delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea at HA Zaky Djunaid Pekalongan reached 100 mothers. Objective: This research revealed the characteristics of delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea from the perspectives of age, parity, gravida, gestation interval, birth history, and height. Method: This qualitative research is a descriptive retrospective type of research by reviewing the medical records of delivery mothers with section Caesarea.Population: This research population consisted of all delivery mothers with section Caesarea at HA Zaky Djunaid Hospital, Pekalongan City, from July 2023 to August 2023.Sample: The research samples were 100 delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea taken with total sampling. Results: From the data analysis, the characteristics of delivery mothers with SC, based on age, were mostly 29 years old. Most mothers were multiparity and multigravida. The mothers had SC history with 2-5 years of gestational interval. Most mothers were 148cm high.