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This study examines the implications of legal policies on the social structure of village communities in rural areas of Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, this research analyzes how the implementation of various legal policies affects social dynamics, power relation patterns, and local institutions in rural areas. The results show that legal policies, especially those related to decentralization, agrarian reform, and recognition of indigenous communities, have resulted in significant changes in rural social structures. However, their impact varies depending on local context and community capacity in responding to changes. This study identifies transformations in local leadership, restructuring of access to resources, and shifts in traditional value systems. These findings highlight the importance of a more contextual and participatory approach in the formulation and implementation of legal policies in rural areas.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on various sectors of life, including a shock effect for the banking industry. The decline in bank credit growth in mid-2020 is evidence of the shock effect. To anticipate various effects, the central bank supports the government by issuing various policies. BPR is growing rapidly in both urban and rural areas. BPR is seen as able to directly touch the community and small business owners with various financial activities. However, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, OJK recorded a very high credit restructuring value. Similar conditions were also experienced by BPRs in the Residency of Semarang. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference (which is a shock effect) in the financial performance of BPR before and during the covid-19 pandemic. The sample obtained by purposive sampling method is as many as 62 BPR located in the Residency of Semarang. This study uses secondary data in the form of quarterly BPR financial reports. Financial performance analysis was carried out using the CAMEL method. As a result, financial performance in terms of the capital ratio (CAR) and liquidity ratio (LDR) was proven to be affected by the shock effect of the COVID-19 pandemic because there were significant differences between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial performance in terms of asset quality, management ratios and income, each of which is measured by the ratio of NPL, ROA and BOPO, it is proven that there is no difference between before and during the covid-19 pandemic.