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This article analyzes the legal status of golf course development, specifically Gunung Geulis Country Club (GGCC) in the Puncak-Bogor Area within Indonesia's spatial planning policy and Green Open Space (RTH) protection framework, while evaluating its ecological impacts from an environmental justice perspective. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, this research identifies two core issues. First, golf course development occupies a legal grey area: it is recognized as private RTH under Article 29(2) of Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, yet substantively fails to fulfill the ecological functions mandated by law due to its exclusivity and inaccessibility to the public. Second, from an environmental justice perspective, GGCC's development generates layered distributive, procedural, and corrective injustices: surrounding communities bear the burden of groundwater contamination, reduced spring discharge, increased surface runoff, and flood risk, while economic and recreational benefits are concentrated among a small number of high-fee members. Weak AMDAL instruments, minimal public participation, and inconsistent spatial monitoring in the Puncak-Bogor protected area exacerbate these conditions. This article recommends policy reforms including stricter private RTH definitions, strengthened participatory AMDAL processes, and consistent application of the polluter-pays principle.

Housing is a group of houses that serve as residences and are equipped with adequate facilities and infrastructure. Nindya Asri 9 Housing is a housing complex built in Sasak, Meteseh, Kendal Regency, Central Java, by PT. Nindya Karya Utama. This housing complex is planned to have 270 units with types 29-60. This study aims to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of Nindya Asri 9 Housing Complex, reviewed from a comparison of benefit costs, net present value, and other methods. The research method used in this study is descriptive and quantitative. The research data consists of primary and secondary data. The technical feasibility data processing includes the Basic Building Efficiency (KDB), Building Floor Coefficient (KLB), Basic Green Coefficient (KDB), and Green Open Space (RTH). The economic feasibility data processing includes Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Profitability Index (PI). The analysis results of the interest rate of 10% with an investment period of 10 years. The technical feasibility of KDB is 50.2%, KLB is 0.6, KDH is 79%, and RTH is 58.4%. For economic feasibility, NPV is Rp. 5,506,655,627, BCR is 1.12113647, IRR is 17,09%, PP is 3.75 years, and PI is 1.376. This housing is feasible to use.

Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban development, playing a crucial role in supporting ecological balance, providing shade, producing oxygen, and absorbing pollution. It also serves as a social and cultural space for the community. The neighborhood park located along the banks of the Deli River on Ileng Street, Medan Marelan District, represents a concrete example of this issue. The current condition of Ileng Park reflects a decline in its quality as a green open space. This study aims to identify existing problems in terms of the park's physical condition, functionality, and user activities. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach grounded in a case study framework, with data collected from both primary and secondary sources. The analysis is conducted using a rationalistic site analysis method. The findings indicate that the community perceives a need for the revitalization of the park to enhance comfort, attractiveness, and the implementation of the Islamic Garden Concept, which is considered appropriate for restoring the park’s function as a green open space.

This research analyzes the enforcement of Sukabumi City Regional Regulation No. Law No. 1 of 2022 regarding the 2022–2042 Spatial Planning (RTRW) in the management of Green Open Space (RTH). By utilizing a qualitative approach, this research assesses the extent to which the regulations on green open space (RTH), particularly public RTH at 20% and private RTH at 10%, have been implemented. The findings show that the presence of public green open spaces is still far from the expected standard (5%), the existing law enforcement is inadequate, and community participation is still not optimal. Means include enhancing regulatory enforcement capabilities, strengthening cooperation among stakeholders (government, community, and private sector), and implementing a Monitoring and Evaluation system using geospatial technology.

In Indonesia, approximately 70 million people live in malaria-endemic areas, putting them at risk of transmitting the disease to others. Geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for mapping and visualizing spatial characteristics, as well as analyzing detailed information. GIS first developed in the late 1950s and has been used in various industries, such as oil and gas, telecommunications, as well as agriculture, forestry, and green open spaces (RTH). This study employed a narrative literature review method, synthesizing previously published information on GIS in green open spaces. The results showed that the classification of aerial imagery using GIS can be divided into two main classes: 'private green spaces' and 'others'. This study focused on finding a significant amount of urban green space in informal settlements, which cover more than 10% of the area. The increase in the number of informal settlements is directly proportional to the increase in private green space. The study also noted that poor communities have access to urban green spaces, which can improve their quality of life. Identification and management of green spaces in informal settlements can strengthen residents' self-confidence and reduce the gap between formal and informal areas in cities.

This study aims to compare the level of carbon monoxide (CO) air quality in Green Open Space (GOS) and Non-Green Open Space (NGOS) along the Abepura–Sentani main road in Jayapura City. The research was conducted in two locations: the Taman Makam Pahlawan Denzipur Waena (GOS) and the front area of Mega Waena (NGOS). CO levels were measured using a CO smart sensor over a period of one week, with measurements taken in the morning, noon, and afternoon at six sampling points. The findings indicate that CO concentrations are significantly lower in GOS areas compared to NGOS areas. The presence of vegetation in GOS helps reduce CO pollution by acting as a natural filter. These results highlight the importance of maintaining and developing green open spaces in urban areas as part of efforts to reduce air pollution and improve public health.

This study analyzes the morphological form and development characteristics of the Petrosea City Park green open space in Mimika Regency, Central Papua. Using qualitative descriptive-analytical methods, this research examines road patterns, spatial configurations, and architectural elements as well as the physical, economic, and socio-cultural characteristics of park development. The results show that the park implements a radial pattern centered on a roundabout with clear hierarchical zoning, integrating Kamoro cultural landmarks through bronze statues. However, infrastructure limitations and underutilized economic potential indicate the need for integrated development to optimize the function of green open spaces in the context of mining cities in Eastern Indonesia.

Limited land in the urban area of Jayapura Regency is a major challenge in the provision of Green Open Space (RTH), even though the existence of RTH is very important to maintain ecological balance and the quality of the community's living environment. In this context, the Dosay Public Cemetery (TPU) has great potential to be optimized as an alternative green space that is multifunctional-ecological, social, and aesthetic. This study aims to assess community perceptions of the utilization of TPU Dosay as a green space, as well as to formulate a strategy for its sustainable development. The approach used was mixed methods, with data collection through a survey using a Likert scale to 35 respondents, open interviews with 9 key informants, as well as SWOT and AHP analysis. The results showed that most people support the development of TPU Dosay as a reflective green space that is comfortable and ecologically valuable. From the results of AHP analysis, policy and regulation aspects are the top priorities in the development strategy, followed by vegetation and accessibility aspects. Strategic recommendations include the preparation of adaptive vegetation zoning, strengthening the local policy framework, active involvement of indigenous communities, and cross-sector collaboration between local governments, academics and the private sector. With the right strategy, the development of TPU Dosay is expected to be an innovative solution in overcoming the shortage of green spaces in Jayapura Regency.

The Community Service Program (KKN) of the Faculty of Economics, UNKRIS, aims to raise awareness and change behavior among the community in Pondokgede sub-district regarding the environment, starting with the household environment in handling organic and inorganic waste through composting and the use of Biopori Infiltration Pits (LRB), waste banks, and greening for Green Open Spaces (RTH). The method used in this study is qualitative analysis. Before the KKN FE UNKRIS activities were implemented, several steps were taken to ensure the smoothness and effectiveness of the program, including preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Overall, the KKN FE UNKRIS program in the environmental conservation movement and its implementation in Pondokgede sub-district has had a positive impact on accelerating the development of Pondokgede sub-district, as evidenced by the improvement in community behavior toward the environment and the level of community satisfaction with the KKN FE UNKRIS program. The implications of this KKN program include the need for continuous monitoring to ensure that community awareness of a clean and healthy environment continues to increase. Additionally, the program should be continued until the stage of utilizing the results of waste processing generated by each community in Pondokgede.

The rapid growth of the city in Pulubala Urban Village, Gorontalo City, has resulted in pressure on the environment and the use of green open space (RTH). This study aims to analyse the use of green spaces in the residential area of Pulubala Village, which is inhabited by various ethnic groups. The method applied was descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings indicate that RTH in Kelurahan Pulubala, covering an area of 0.50 Ha, consists of two categories, namely RTH Settlement Area and Smart Park. The benefits of RTH include play areas for children, social activities, and improved environmental quality. However, problems such as lack of space, poor condition, and environmental pollution threaten the sustainability of RTH. To optimise the utilisation of green spaces, better planning, increased public awareness, and the development of attractive facilities are needed. This research is expected to contribute to the preservation and development of green open spaces in urban areas.

Oil and gas industry activities have the potential to produce high carbon emissions, so Green Open Space (RTH) is needed as an effort to mitigate environmental impacts. Shrub vegetation that grows in RTH areas requires routine maintenance, but this process produces vegetation waste that has not been studied quantitatively. This study aims to analyze the generation of shrub vegetation waste using a sampling method as a basis for sustainable waste management planning. The method used is sampling on a 1 m³ cube-shaped plot in three locations with different vegetation characteristics. Cutting is done manually using simple tools, then the waste produced is put into a measuring box to calculate its volume. The results show that sample point 1 produces 1.00 m³, sample point 2 is 0.50 m³, and sample point 3 is 0.30 m³. The average volume of shrub waste generation is 0.60 m³ per square meter. This data is important for planning the capacity of equipment, labor, and temporary waste disposal locations. In addition, the characteristics of waste that is easy to dry and has a high organic content opens up the potential for reuse as compost or biomass. This method has proven to be effective and efficient in supporting environmentally friendly vegetation waste management strategies as well as part of compliance with environmental regulations such as PROPER.    

Green Open Space (RTH) has an important role in creating a healthy urban environment and improving the welfare of the community. In DKI Jakarta, as the capital city of Indonesia which is densely populated and experiencing rapid urbanization, the management of green open space is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to determine and analyze the effectiveness of the Taman Maju Bersama program in managing green open space in South Jakarta and East Jakarta. The type of research that will be carried out in this study is qualitative research using the type of case study research. For data collection techniques in researching the effectiveness of the Taman Maju Bersama program in managing green open space in the South Jakarta and East Jakarta Regions, namely using observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the green space management program was effective in achieving several individual goals, such as increasing green area and community participation. However, there are significant challenges related to budget constraints, policy changes, and coordination among stakeholders that affect the overall effectiveness of the program. Although community satisfaction was relatively positive, especially with regard to the presence of green open spaces, there is a need to improve project management, community participation, and resource utilization. 

Green open space is one of the needs that cannot be ignored and is one of the elements of the city. The area of green open space in South Tangerang City has decreased because development continues to grow in each sub-district in South Tangerang City and the increase in population. Reduction of green open space caused by population density will automatically require building expansion. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the application of dynamic governance in the development of green open space in South Tangerang City. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. This research uses theory with 3 indicators, think ahead, think again, and think across. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that in the think ahead indicator, it can be said that the South Tangerang City Environmental Service has applied forward thinking because it is able to identify environmental developments, understand their implications and identify strategies needed to take advantage of new opportunities and prevent potential threats. In the thinking again indicator, it can be said that the Environment Agency of South Tangerang City has not used this thinking to achieve the desired solution in increasing the quantity of green open space. Where the percentage of green open space quantity in South Tangerang City from year to year is very slow to increase. In the thinking across indicator, it can be said that the Environment Agency of South Tangerang City has not done “learning from other cities” such as analyzing and then innovating practices that have been successfully implemented in a city. However, the Environment Agency of South Tangerang City is still trying to optimize the development of green open space in South Tangerang City.

This study aims to evaluate the quality and function of Green Open Space (RTH) at RPTRA Taman Matoa, Jagakarsa. The background of this paper is the importance of RTH in urban planning as an open interaction space for the community. This research was conducted using normative and empirical research methods to collect data on the physical condition, utilization, and community perceptions of the RTH. This RTH functions as a place for recreation, sports, and social activities for the surrounding community. These findings indicate that good management of RTH can improve the quality of the urban environment and community welfare.

Public Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban spatial planning to support environmental sustainability. Through the process of photosynthesis, RTH helps absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by human activities, such as transportation and industry, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to explore the role of RTH in absorbing CO₂ and the challenges faced in its management. The study was conducted using a systematic approach through literature analysis and case studies in several cities in Indonesia and around the world. The research results indicate that vegetation type, area size, and environmental conditions are the main factors affecting the carbon absorption capacity of RTH. Large trees have a significantly higher capacity to absorb CO₂ compared to shrubs and grass, with the ability to absorb up to 250.63 tons of CO₂ per year per tree. However, challenges such as limited RTH area, urbanization pressure, and lack of public awareness remain obstacles to optimal RTH management. The recommendations of this study include increasing the area and quality of RTH through data-based strategies, community participation in management, and the development of policies that support sustainability. With proper management, RTH can function as a climate change mitigation tool while improving the quality of life for urban communities.  

The increase in population in Boyolali Regency, which reached 1,090,131 people in 2023, has a significant impact on environmental quality, especially air quality. This study aims to calculate the oxygen produced by Sonokridanggo Urban Forest, covering an area of 2,500 m², which functions as a green open space (RTH). The methods used include measuring tree trunk diameter using the diameter breast height (dbh) method and calculating biomass and stored carbon using the allometric formula. The results showed that Ketapang (Pterocarpus indicus) species had the highest carbon storage ability, which was 16,159.67 kg, and absorbed 59,252.13 kg CO₂ equivalent, making it the main contributor to oxygen production. Overall, Sonokridanggo Urban Forest produces 401,699.18 kg of oxygen per year, enough to meet the oxygen needs of 1,274 people. Among the existing tree species, Ketapang is the largest oxygen producer with a contribution of 158,005.69 kg per year. With a contribution of about 0.11% of the total oxygen demand of Boyolali residents.

Increasing population density and concretization in urban areas, such as Magelang City, have caused a significant decrease in green open spaces (RTH), which has an impact on food security and independence. Magelang City, with a population density of 7,361 people/km², faces a major challenge in providing adequate green spaces to support local food production. Rejowinangun Selatan Village, as one example, shows the limited green open spaces available. To overcome this problem, urban farming, especially through hydroponic techniques, offers an effective solution. The methods applied in this community service include various approaches to educate and directly involve the community in the practice of making hydroponics with solar panels. By utilizing renewable energy-based technology, such as solar panels and integrated electrical systems, hydroponic farming allows food production in limited spaces such as house terraces. This system not only increases food independence and security, but also ensures that the vegetables produced are healthier because of the minimal use of pesticides. Urban farming with the hydroponic method can optimize the use of limited space and become a productive and sustainable alternative for urban communities.

This research aims to model the impact of Green Open Space (GOS) on Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas levels in Entrop Village, South Jayapura District. Green Open Space plays a crucial role in improving air quality in an area. In the context of rapid urbanization and increasing motor vehicle numbers, GOS serves as the city's lungs, capable of absorbing pollutants and improving air quality. The research method used is spatial modeling, which allows mapping the distribution of GOS and measuring CO levels on the main roads of Entrop Village. Primary data was obtained through field surveys using CO measuring instruments, while secondary data was obtained from various literature sources and reports from related agencies. Data analysis was conducted using statistical and spatial approaches to identify the relationship between GOS and CO levels. The results showed a significant negative relationship between the extent of GOS and CO levels. The larger the GOS area, the lower the CO concentration in the area. Spatial modeling also identified high CO concentration points in areas with low GOS density. Furthermore, this research found that uneven distribution of GOS contributes to variations in air quality (CO) in different locations. These findings highlight the importance of effective GOS management as part of air pollution control strategies in large cities. Recommendations from this research include increasing the number and distribution of GOS in areas with high CO concentrations, and integrating GOS into urban spatial planning to create a healthier and more sustainable environment. This research makes a significant contribution to sustainable urban planning by emphasizing the importance of integrating GOS into spatial planning to improve air quality and environmental health. Thus, the results of this research can serve as a reference for the government and stakeholders in formulating future GOS management and air pollution control policies.      

Salah satu aspek krusial dalam menilai kecukupan sebuah bangunan adalah daya dukung tapak. Studi ini mengkaji berbagai faktor seperti Koefisien Dasar Bangunan (KDB), Koefisien Lantai Bangunan (KLB), Garis Sempadan Bangunan (GSB), Jumlah Lantai Bangunan (JLB), Koefisien Dasar Hijau (KDH), dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Pekarangan (RTHP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kesesuaian perancangan Gedung Radjawali Culture Center Semarang berdasarkan daya dukung tapak. Aplikasi hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memecahkan permasalahan dalam persyaratan untuk mendapatkan legalisasi kelayakan bangunan yang sering terjadi pada proses pembangunan. Manfaat lainnya, kajian terhadap daya dukung tapak dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan suatu tapak dalam menjamin kesesuaian dengan peraturan yang berlaku, kenyamanan pengguna bangunan, serta menjaga keselarasan dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Berdasarkan evaluasi KDB, Gedung Radjawali Culture Center memenuhi persyaratan setempat sebesar 50%. Evaluasi terhadap KLB dan JLB juga menunjukkan bahwa gedung ini mematuhi peraturan dengan memiliki 4 lantai dari maksimal 7 lantai yang diizinkan. Namun demikian, evaluasi terhadap GSB menunjukkan bahwa bagian samping gedung tidak memenuhi persyaratan karena berhimpit dengan pagar bangunan sebelah. Evaluasi terhadap KDH dan RTHP menunjukkan bahwa penanaman tanaman perlu diperbanyak untuk memenuhi ketentuan minimal yang ditetapkan.

This research is part of an effort to solve waste management issues in Sleman Regency, focusing on measuring and evaluating the Zero Waste Index (ZWI) in the Green Open Space (RTH) Denggung, Sleman. The resource substitution method was used to assess the efficiency and potential for waste reduction in the area. Based on field data and calculations using the ZWI formula, it was found that the ZWI value in RTH Denggung is very low, only 0.14, meaning that only about 14% of resources are recovered from the waste management system. This indicates that waste management in the area is not yet optimal, necessitating improvement and innovation efforts. The proposed strategies include enhancing the recycling of plastic, paper, and styrofoam waste, as well as developing composting for food scraps and other organic waste. The implementation of stricter policies related to waste management, public awareness campaigns, and the integration of zero waste initiatives are expected to improve the ZWI value. This effort is hoped to be part of the solution to waste management in Indonesia and serve as a best practice example for waste management in RTH or other public spaces..