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concern for pet owners. Consequently, cat owners seek equipment that can support and simplify their daily pet care activities. However, the busy schedules of many cat owners often make it difficult for them to provide consistent care, raising concerns about the neglect of their pets. To address this issue, this study developed an automatic cat feeding system for a cat enclosure using an experimental research method. The proposed system utilizes a load cell sensor, a Real-Time Clock (RTC), a servo motor, and an ATmega16 microcontroller. The load cell sensor is employed to determine the appropriate food portion based on the cat's nutritional requirements, while the RTC controls the feeding schedule by dispensing food twice a day at predetermined times. The experimental results demonstrate that the system was successfully implemented, with the load cell measurement exhibiting an error rate of 10.71% relative to the predefined set point. Furthermore, the servo motor effectively controlled the valve mechanism, achieving a maximum opening angle of 85 degrees. Overall, the developed system performed reliably and met the expected operational objectives..

This study aims to design and test a Dual Axis Solar Tracker to improve the energy absorption efficiency of solar panels on ships. The system is designed with a two-axis movement mechanism (horizontal and vertical) using a linear actuator motor controlled by Arduino Nano and ESP32. Testing was conducted on a 20 WP solar panel in Surabaya for 30 days, divided into three methods: 10 days using an LDR sensor, 10 days using an RTC, and 10 days in static conditions without a sensor. Voltage, current, and power data were measured every 30 minutes at 07.00–17.00 WIB. The test results show that the RTC method provides the highest and most stable output power, according to the sun's movement patterns in tropical areas, while the LDR method responds quickly to changes in light intensity but is less stable in changing weather. Static installation produces the lowest power. This system is able to maintain the panel orientation perpendicular to the sun's rays, thus increasing energy efficiency compared to static systems. These findings prove that dual-axis solar tracker technology, especially with an RTC sensor, is effective in dynamic maritime environments and can be a practical solution for optimizing renewable energy on ships. The most effective results using RTC sensors demonstrated the most stable and high power output, especially since the sun in tropical areas like Surabaya moves fairly consistently following a cyclical pattern. The success of this system not only increases the energy output of solar panels but also provides a practical solution for renewable energy applications in tropical climates.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem telemetri guna memantau kinerja panel surya pada beberapa lokasi dengan menggunakan komunikasi jarak jauh dan platform Internet of Things (IoT). Metode pemantauan konvensional memiliki keterbatasan dalam menyediakan data secara real-time pada area yang luas, sehingga evaluasi kinerja jarak jauh menjadi kurang efisien. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dirancang sebuah sistem pemantauan menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor INA219 untuk mengukur tegangan dan arus, modul GPS Neo-M8 untuk identifikasi lokasi, modul Real-Time Clock (RTC) DS3231 untuk pencatatan waktu, serta modul LoRa RA-02 sebagai media komunikasi nirkabel. Setiap node pengirim dilengkapi dengan modul MicroSD untuk menyimpan data pengukuran secara lokal. Data hasil pengukuran dikirimkan melalui LoRa ke unit penerima dan ditampilkan secara real-time pada platform Thinger.io. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukkan bahwa sensor INA219 memiliki rata-rata galat pengukuran arus sebesar 0,71% dan galat pengukuran tegangan sebesar 0,1%. Pengujian GPS menunjukkan koordinat lokasi yang stabil dengan tingkat akurasi sekitar ±3 hingga ±8 meter. Seluruh data pengukuran berhasil dikirim, disimpan, dan ditampilkan tanpa kehilangan data yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan mampu menyediakan pemantauan parameter panel surya secara jarak jauh yang andal dan efisien dalam kondisi lapangan.

The braking system was a crucial component in ensuring the safety of motor vehicles on the road. Brake failures, such as brake fade or total malfunction, could result in fatal accidents. Therefore, an accurate and realistic testing method was necessary to measure the effectiveness of a vehicle’s braking system. This study aimed to develop a deceleration measuring device based on GPS, which could be used in road test methods. The device was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller combined with a BN-220 GPS module, RTC real-time clock sensor, 16x2 LCD, thermal printer, and microSD storage media. Testing was conducted on a Mitsubishi L300 vehicle at the Depok Beach runway in Yogyakarta, with initial speed variations ranging from 10 to 80 km/h. Calibration results showed that the device had an accuracy of 99.64% with an average error of 0.36%. Meanwhile, the test results recorded deceleration values ranging from 0.74 to 3.26 m/s², depending on the initial speed and braking conditions. Based on these findings, the developed device proved to be accurate and feasible as an alternative method for field testing of braking systems.

The development of technology in the field of fisheries is very rapid along with facilitating human work in the field. Human work can be done by tools such as feeding catfish in ponds automatically. This job is easy to do, but problems will arise when catfish are not fed at night or are fed too late, then the catfish will eat smaller catfish so that it can be detrimental to catfish farming owners. With this background, the author created a "Catfish Feeding Control System Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using the Fuzzy Sugeno Method". This testing and discussion was carried out by functionally testing each component, testing the program using simulation and testing it as a whole. The results of testing the tool and taking data are expected to obtain valid data and the tool works according to its function and purpose as expected. From the results of the analysis and discussion of the research entitled "Internet Of Things (IoT) Based Catfish Feeding Control System Using the Fuzzy Sugeno Method" it can be concluded as a process of automatic fish feeding using the RTC module as a reference for catfish time three times a day with good results and the process of calculating the amount of fish feed 3 to 8% with fish weight from LOW to HIGH using Fuzzy Sugeno has worked well compared to the results of the BLYNK application.

Resistance to change (RTC) is a significant challenge in implementing educational reforms, particularly in the 21st century. This study explores strategies to overcome RTC among educators, using a qualitative approach involving 20 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Data collected through open-ended questions and a Likert scale reveal that Facilitation and Support (85%) and Negotiation and Agreement (90%) are the most effective strategies, highlighting the importance of training, resource allocation, and incentives in fostering adaptability. Participation and Involvement (75%) also proves effective by enhancing teacher commitment through collaborative decision-making. In contrast, Manipulation and Co-optation and authority-driven strategies are viewed as less sustainable, with respondents expressing concerns over their long-term impact. Challenges such as frequent curriculum changes, limited technological proficiency, and unclear communication exacerbate RTC. This study emphasizes the need for practical strategies like direct support, collaboration, and motivational incentives to address resistance effectively. The findings extend Kotter and Schlesinger’s framework by contextualizing it within educational settings and highlight the interplay between external pressures for reform and internal resistance mechanisms. By aligning resources, fostering collaboration, and incentivizing participation, schools can navigate the complexities of change and reduce resistance among educators.    

The Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic bell system is designed to enhance the efficiency of bell operations in educational institutions by utilizing modern technology. This research aims to develop a system that can control the bell automatically according to the class schedule, while also enabling remote control via a mobile application using the Blynk platform. The system is built using an ESP8266 as the main microcontroller, a DFPlayer Mini module for audio playback, and an RTC DS1307 for time management. The results show that the system functions as expected, both in automatic mode based on the schedule and in manual mode through the mobile application. Testing and debugging demonstrated that integration with WiFi networks allows for flexible and effective bell control. For further development, it is recommended to add a power backup feature, web interface, and push notifications to improve system reliability and flexibility. This system provides an efficient and practical IoT solution for automating bell operations in educational environments.

Technological advances in the industrial era 4.0 mean that various things must prioritize convenience and efficiency in carrying out daily work such as carrying out automatic maintenance and control in the home. This has made many people able to produce various forms of technology that can be controlled automatically and help with work. people who can't take up much time. OT is a technology built to provide ease of work that can be connected to each other using the internet. One use of IoT technology is in the household sector to feed ornamental fish according to need and monitor remaining feed. This tool is designed for NodeMCU as control and an internet connection that is integrated with the Blink application. This tool consists of an HC-SR04 sensor input and a DS3231 RTC timer. The output of this tool uses a servo motor to open and close the contents of the fish feed. Arduino IDE software is used in NodeMCU coding and the Blynk application is used to connect the smartphone and NodeMCU. Based on the results of testing carried out, the system success rate has an average of 95% success. Meanwhile, the average delay is 0.052367 milliseconds.