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The increasing integration of internet technology in educational institutions requires structured network governance to ensure that digital resources support academic activities effectively. Unrestricted access to online platforms often leads to non-academic usage such as online gaming and social media engagement during instructional hours, which may reduce learning concentration and degrade network performance. This research develops and evaluates a network access control simulation using a MikroTik RouterBoard RB951Ui-2HnD device. The system applies firewall filtering mechanisms, hotspot-based authentication, and bandwidth allocation strategies through Simple Queue configuration. Network segmentation is implemented to differentiate teacher and student access privileges. The study adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach to design, configure, test, and evaluate the proposed system. Testing results indicate that the firewall configuration successfully restricts access to selected online games (Mobile Legends, Clash of Clans, Roblox) and social media platforms (YouTube, TikTok, Shopee, Instagram, Telegram). Furthermore, bandwidth management demonstrates effective traffic prioritization, ensuring more stable allocation for teacher accounts in accordance with configured maximum limits. The findings confirm that structured firewall and bandwidth policies can improve network discipline, enhance performance stability, and support a controlled digital learning environment in schools.

Strategies to increase the income of self -help palm oil farmers can help farmers to increase production yields. This study aims to formulate and obtain strategies in an effort to increase the income of oil palm farmers. This research was conducted in Kalis District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This study was carried out from April 5 to May 524. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with case study methods and identified internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) used for the strategy to increase the income of oil palm farmers in the sub -district dull. The variables used in this study were obtained from indicators of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Based on the results of the research results of the collection, processing and analysis of the main internal factors, it is found that the main strength factor of farmers is the status of land ownership and land area owned by farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main weakness of self -help farmers is inadequate access to infrastructure with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.51. For data analysis of the main external factors, it is found that the main opportunity factor of farmers is oil palm can be a term investment for farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main threat of self -help farmers is a long queue at the Palm Oil Mill (PKS) with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.62. The results of processing internal and external data of farmers using the IE matrix show that the position of farmers is in quadrant I, the suitable strategy is an aggressive strategy that can support the growth of oil palm farming.

The implementation of the Health Workload Analysis (ABK Kes) method reveals both strengths and weaknesses, particularly regarding the suboptimal execution of core tasks such as filing and distributing medical records. This study aims to compare the workload of health human resources (SDMK) between primary and advanced healthcare facilities—specifically Banyudono 1 Public Health Center and Indriati Boyolali Hospital—both of which have implemented hybrid medical record systems. Using primary data collected through interviews and observations and analyzed via the ABK Kes method, the results indicate a need for 10 additional staff members in the Casemix Unit at Indriati Boyolali Hospital and 2 additional medical record practitioners at Banyudono 1 Public Health Center. The Available Working Time (WKT) at the Public Health Center was set at 75,000 based on the Minister of PAN-RB Regulation No. 1 of 2020, whereas the Hospital used real-time calculations. While the Public Health Center aligns its policies with Ministry of Health Regulation No. 19 of 2020, the Hospital adjusts its staffing needs based on the ABK Kes results. Given that this method focuses primarily on quantity, future research and development (R&D) should integrate Lean Thinking for process analysis, ABK Kes for capacity, Queueing Theory for dynamic analysis, and NASA-TLX for psychological evaluation to provide a more holistic assessment of staffing needs.

The Information System registration module for the Regional Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWPD) was developed using the Laravel framework and implemented by the Taxpayer Identification Agency (BPPKAD) at Kediri City. The system was designed to digitize the NPWPD registration process, which was previously done manually. This traditional approach often led to long queues, extended processing times, and, at times, errors in data entry. The new system offers several key advantages, including an online registration form that allows taxpayers to upload required documents such as photos of ID cards, business locations, and other necessary paperwork. Data validation is performed by officers to ensure accuracy, and automatic notifications are sent to taxpayers, informing them of the status of their applications. The implementation of this system has had several positive impacts, such as significantly improving the efficiency of administrative processes, reducing the manual workload for officers, and increasing transparency and accountability in public services. Moreover, it has improved customer satisfaction by providing faster, more accurate, and more responsive services. This system supports the creation of a streamlined, user-friendly, and effective method for taxpayers to register for NPWPD online, enhancing the overall quality of public sector service delivery.

In this paper, we study the use of linear programming for the performance enhancement of fortified queues systems in which resources are unreliable in terms of variation and a case study on Marjan Hospital is considered. The quality management maturity level in the hospital was measured by an integrated inspection tool; senior management was found to be concerned for quality of service improvement and implementation of modern technology systems. Strengths and weaknesses in that activity are shown, and it is evidenced the need of boosting the quality of service activities and promoting the coordination between the different areas. From the findings, the study recommends the use of linear programming technique,Orgers should as well enhance proper training and development and Acquisition of modern day technology for effective performance improvement and quality of service. The study demonstrates that the adoption of linear programming techniques could be a viable solution to optimize resource allocation and enhance performance in the hospital's queue systems. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of investing in staff training and development programs, as well as the acquisition of state-of-the-art technology, to further improve service delivery and ensure sustainable quality improvement in the long term.

Queueing systems play an important role in evaluating service performance, especially in small-scale businesses such as barbershops, where fluctuating customer arrival patterns and limited service capacity often lead to long waiting times. This study aims to analyze the performance of barbershop services using the M/M/1 queueing model and an analytical approach based on experimentally tested arrival (λ) and service (μ) rates. The model was selected because it represents a single-server system with Poisson arrivals and exponentially distributed service times, closely matching real barbershop operational characteristics. Using assumed realistic parameters, the analysis shows that when λ = 12 customers per hour and μ = 6 customers per hour, the system becomes unstable with a utilization rate (ρ) exceeding 1, indicating continuous queue growth. Further simulations with increased service rates demonstrate significant improvements: at μ = 15, the system achieves ρ = 0.8 with an average waiting time of 16 minutes, while at μ = 13, the system remains stable but experiences a long waiting time of approximately 55 minutes. These findings emphasize that barbershop performance is highly sensitive to service speed and that even small increases in μ can produce substantial improvements in queue stability and customer waiting times. The study concludes that barbershops must ensure adequate service capacity—either through optimizing service duration, improving worker efficiency, or adding servers—to maintain service quality and enhance customer satisfaction.

This study examines passenger service procedures on the KM Gunung Dempo at PT PELNI's Sorong Branch, specifically related to the efficiency of the embarkation and disembarkation processes. This study was motivated by operational constraints such as long queues, limited terminal facilities, and low staff productivity. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a quantitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis was conducted by calculating time efficiency and service productivity. The results revealed a time efficiency level of 66.7% (categorized as inefficient), where the actual time reached 180 minutes from the standard of 120 minutes. In addition, staff productivity was only 0.73 passengers/minute, still below the ideal standard (≥ 1 passenger/minute). The main inhibiting factors include a lack of personnel, a manual ticket verification system, minimal terminal facilities, and weak inter-agency coordination.

This study aims to simulate the M/M/1 queueing system using Python through a Modeling and Simulation approach supported by the Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) method. The objective of the research is to analyze key performance indicators of queueing behavior, including arrival time, service time, waiting time, queue length, and server utilization. The methodology employs DES, which models system behavior based on discrete events such as customer arrivals, service initiation, and service completion. The simulation generates stochastic arrival and service times using Poisson and exponential distributions, respectively. The results indicate that the DES-based M/M/1 simulation accurately reflects theoretical queueing behavior, showing increases in waiting times and queue lengths when arrival rates approach service rates, while server utilization corresponds to system load intensity. The findings demonstrate that DES is an effective approach for analyzing queue performance and can be extended to more complex models such as multi-server systems, priority queues, and predictive simulations using artificial intelligence.

The advancement of information technology has had a significant impact across various sectors, including healthcare. The digitalization of healthcare services has become a solution to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and accessibility for the public. Puskesmas Selindung still uses a manual patient registration system, which leads to several issues such as long queues, extended waiting times, and the risk of lost or damaged patient records. Based on visit data, the number of patients coming to Puskesmas Selindung has increased each year. Therefore, a digital queue system is needed to optimize the patient registration process. This research aims to analyze and design an Android-based patient registration queue application to improve service efficiency at Puskesmas Selindung. The research methods include system requirements analysis, user interface design, and the development of core features to support the online patient registration process. The implementation of this application is expected to reduce long queues, speed up administrative processes, and make it easier for patients to access healthcare services more effectively and accurately. With this Android-based system, the quality of healthcare services at Puskesmas Selindung is expected to improve significantly.

Digitalization demands the MSME sector, including barbershops, to adopt technology in reservation management and marketing. Many barbershops still use manual systems, causing problems such as irregular queues, service delays, and suboptimal promotions. This study formulates how to design an information system that can integrate reservation and marketing functions into a single web-based platform. The objective is to produce an efficient, secure, and user-friendly information system design for both barbershop managers and customers. The method used is the Design Science Research approach with a waterfall system development model, involving needs analysis, system design, database design, and user interface design. The design results were validated by experts and users with a satisfaction rate of over 85%, indicating that the designed system aligns with the operational needs of barbershops. The conclusion is that the developed information system can enhance operational efficiency and customer experience, and is suitable for implementation in the barbershop service sector of SMEs.

Lengthy, disorganized physical queues in conventional food ordering systems, particularly within canteens, significantly compromise customer convenience and operational efficiency. This direct-ordering model often results in crowd congestion, unpredictably long waiting times, and potential friction among patrons. To address these operational issues and substantially enhance user satisfaction, this research proposes the development and implementation of an innovative Web-Based Food Ordering System. This digital platform allows customers to place orders entirely online, effectively eliminating the need for physical queuing. The system's core functionality is the realtime monitoring of order status and queue position, providing transparent information directly to the customer's device. For canteen management, the application offers a crucial tool for integrated and structured order handling, ensuring staff can prepare meals more accurately and promptly. By transforming the ordering process into a streamlined digital workflow, the system is expected to accelerate the service cycle, minimize unnecessary crowding, and substantially improve customer satisfaction through a modernized, well-organized, and highly efficient experience. This initiative represents a significant step toward smarter and more responsive food service operations.

This study designs and implements Bank Jali, a web-based bank queue system that applies a queue data structure with the First In First Out (FIFO) principle to improve service efficiency. The research and development method includes requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The application is built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, storing queue data temporarily through localStorage so the entire process runs client-side without a dedicated server. Key features include online queue registration, digital ticket generation, real-time status monitoring with waiting-time estimation, and an admin dashboard for managing teller and customer service queues. Testing shows the system operates reliably, processes queues according to FIFO, and provides a practical, lightweight user experience across devices.

The development of information technology has encouraged institutions, including hospitals, to adopt digital systems to improve operational efficiency. One important aspect is the employee attendance system, which previously relied on fingerprints. This method has limitations, such as difficulty detecting when fingers are not in ideal condition and causing queues during peak hours. This research aims to design and implement an Android-based attendance system using the Eigenface facial recognition method as a faster, safer, and more accurate alternative. Eigenface works by extracting facial features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), thus being able to efficiently recognize individual identities. The system was developed with MySQL database integration and tested on employees of Khalishah General Hospital. The implementation results showed that the system can recognize faces with a good level of accuracy and increase the effectiveness of attendance recording. Furthermore, the use of facial-based attendance can minimize the potential for fraud and increase user comfort because it does not require physical contact. Thus, the Eigenface method has proven feasible to be implemented as a modern attendance solution to support employee attendance management in hospital work environments and other institutions.

Efficient management of patient queues is essential in healthcare systems to ensure timely care, optimize resource utilization, and enhance patient satisfaction. Mathematical programming, particularly when applied in conjunction with queuing theory and optimization models, provides a rigorous framework for analyzing and improving healthcare service delivery. This approach involves modeling arrivals and service processes, applying queuing models (such as single-server, multi-server, and priority queues), and formulating optimization objectives—often to minimize total costs, patient waiting times, or resource idling. Recent research demonstrates that combining queuing theory with mixed-integer programming and simulation techniques enables healthcare managers to allocate resources dynamically, set staffing levels, and assign priorities among different patient categories. For example, the use of mixed-integer programming can determine the optimal number of servers, beds, and service rates based on patient flow and priority needs, striking a balance between reducing waiting times for critical cases and controlling operational costs. These mathematical models also account for practical constraints and stochastic variability inherent in clinical settings. Applications span emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and even pharmacy and blood service centers—showing significant improvements in system efficiency, reduced patient wait times, and enhanced overall care quality. Thus, mathematical programming is a powerful decision-support tool for queue management, offering evidence-based strategies to address congestion and resource allocation challenges in complex healthcare environments.

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect passenger satisfaction at the airport through three main perspectives, namely: service, technology, and operations. The approach used is a literature study of ten scientific journals that discuss airport service quality from various aspects. The results of the study show that service quality, especially those covering SERVQUAL dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, and physical evidence, plays a major role in shaping service user perceptions. The technology perspective, through the implementation of self-service such as self check-in, Flight Information Display Sistem (FIDS), and digital service applications, is proven to increase efficiency and convenience, even contributing up to 96.8% to user satisfaction according to one study. Meanwhile, from an operational perspective, aspects such as queue time at check-in counters, public facilities, and accessibility to the terminal also have a significant impact on the overall passenger experience. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of integration between the three perspectives in designing strategies to improve airport service quality. Suggestions are given to airport managers to continue to improve services, expand technology adoption, and reorganize operations to create a safe, comfortable, and satisfying travel experience for all service users

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing passenger satisfaction at airports through three main perspectives: service, technology, and operations. The background of this research is based on the increasing competition between airports in providing an optimal travel experience amidst the development of the aviation industry and the increasing passenger demands for service quality. This study uses a literature study approach by analyzing ten selected scientific journals that specifically discuss airport service quality from various perspectives. The results of the study indicate that the service perspective, specifically those encompassing SERVQUAL dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, and tangibles, has a significant contribution in shaping the perception and satisfaction of airport service users. The technology perspective also plays a significant role, particularly through the implementation of self-services such as self-check-in, Flight Information Display Sistem (FIDS), e-gates, and digital service applications that simplify the travel process. One of the studies analyzed shows that the application of technology can contribute up to 96.8% to user satisfaction, indicating the significant role of digitalization in this industry. From the operational side, factors such as speed of service at the check-in counter, queue time management, completeness and cleanliness of public facilities, and ease of access to the terminal have an equally important influence. These findings underscore that passenger satisfaction is influenced not only by service quality at the point of direct interaction, but also by the smoothness of the overall operational flow. The study's conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating these three perspectives in strategic planning for airport service improvement.

The Message Queue Telementary Transport (MQTT) protocol is able to adjust the sending and receiving of messages to monitor in accordance with the user's preferences because the sending and receiving of messages is topic based on a specified topic, making it necessary to routinely monitor the condition of patients who have been diagnosed with heart problems from a distance. With the aim to perform a Quality of Service (QoS) analysis with throughput, delay, and packet loss parameters using Unshielded Twisted Pair internet transmission media (UTP) and Wireless, the goal of this research is to design and implement (MQTT) a heart rate monitoring device with an EKG module as a sensor and ESP32 as a microcontroller. On the Ubidots website, EKG signals are transmitted over the internet and shown in real time. QoS analysis is performed using the Wireshark application. Data was collected on two scenarios at intervals of 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 5 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, and 23 hours. The throughput, latency, and packet loss metrics used in this study's results cause different value variations; these are influenced by the weather, internet bandwidth, computer, and router specifications. According to testing, the tool is portable and has a 3000mAh battery, but it has the restriction that it can only be used with reliable internet and bandwidth.

The digital transformation in education has encouraged the adoption of computer-based tests (CBT) using video content, which demands stable and efficient network performance. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two queue management algorithms, namely Random Early Detection (RED) and Per Connection Queue (PCQ), in maintaining the quality of service (QoS) of school networks during online video-based examinations. A case study approach was applied using a real network topology in a school environment, and QoS parameters such as throughput, delay, packet loss, and jitter were measured. The implementation was conducted using a MikroTik RB450Gx4 router configured with simple queue settings for each algorithm. The results show that PCQ provides more consistent performance under high user loads, achieving an average throughput of 56,482 bps and lower delay compared to RED. Conversely, RED performs better in scenarios with a small number of users. The study recommends using PCQ for networks with dynamic and dense user environments, while RED is more suitable for low-traffic conditions where latency stability is crucial. These findings offer practical guidance for managing bandwidth and improving the quality of CBT delivery in educational settings.

The rapid increase in Ro-Ro (Roll-On/Roll-Off) vessel and vehicle traffic at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, has exposed critical inefficiencies in port operations, particularly at key berths such as Jamrud Utara and Jamrud Selatan. These inefficiencies manifest as prolonged queuing times for Ro-Ro vessels and land-based vehicle congestion, leading to delays in cargo handling and increased operational costs. This study aims to evaluate the operational performance of Ro-Ro terminals based on queue time indicators for both Ro-Ro vessels and vehicles. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, the research integrates the M/M/c queuing model and Fishbone Diagram analysis to identify systemic causes of operational delays and overcapacity. The study reveals that berth utilization rates exceed 75%, indicating saturation, while limited buffer zones and disorganized traffic flow exacerbate vehicle queues. As a case study, the findings offer data-driven insights and practical recommendations, including schedule optimization, dedicated traffic lanes, and infrastructural upgrades to mitigate congestion. The proposed framework not only enhances service efficiency at the port but also contributes to broader logistics performance in Eastern Indonesia. By combining classical queuing theory with root cause analysis, this research introduces a methodological synergy that can be replicated across other Ro-Ro terminals facing similar challenges. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated port traffic management and infrastructural adaptability in response to growing maritime logistics demands.

Terminals serve as transportation nodes that play a vital role in supporting community mobility and urban economic activities. As the capital city of Papua Province with a population of 420,577 inhabitants, Jayapura City requires an efficient transportation system to support increasingly dynamic social and economic activities. Entrop Terminal, as a Type A Terminal and the main transportation hub of Jayapura City, serves various transportation modes ranging from inter-city inter-provincial transport, cross-border transport, intra-provincial inter-city transport, urban transport, to rural transport. However, there is a significant problem where users prefer to wait for public transportation outside the terminal due to long queues inside the terminal, creating a shadow terminal phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the facilities available at Entrop Type A Terminal in relation to the quality of services provided to users. This evaluation is important to identify facility and service deficiencies that cause users to be reluctant to use the terminal optimally. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for facility improvements and service quality enhancement at Entrop Terminal, so that it can function optimally as the main transportation hub and reduce the shadow terminal problems occurring in Jayapura City.