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This study examines the effectiveness of the Jakarta Evolution (JakEVO) program in the implementation of online-based licensing services in South Jakarta, specifically for public transportation route licensing. The program was initiated as part of a public service reform effort aimed at improving accessibility, efficiency, and transparency in the licensing administration process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies, involving both the implementing officials at the South Jakarta UP PMPTSP and the public as service users. The findings indicate that JakEVO has positively contributed to the ease and flexibility of the licensing process, particularly in reducing the need for face-to-face interactions. However, its implementation has not yet been fully optimized due to several challenges, including limited program socialization, low digital literacy among the public, technical disruptions in the application system, and human resource capacity that is not fully adaptive to digital transformation. Additionally, the program's evaluation mechanism remains descriptive and lacks comprehensive quantitative performance indicators.

The Mapan Satria Program represents the Kediri City Government's commitment, through the Department of Transportation, to enhance public service quality in the bus transportation sector under the name Bus Satria; however, operational obstacles such as schedule unreliability and insufficient public information persist. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Mapan Satria Program managed by the Kediri City Department of Transportation commencing in 2023. Program effectiveness was analyzed based on Annas's (2017) seven indicators using a qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis indicates that the Mapan Satria Program (Moda Angkutan Pelayanan Aman dan Nyaman Sarana Transportasi Kediri Bahagia) has not yet operated effectively. While aspects such as timeliness, work mechanisms, inter-agency cooperation, fund disbursement, and monitoring and evaluation have been implemented in accordance with regulations, others remain suboptimal, including limited human resources, service deviations, inadequate information updates, and low public utilization. Therefore, the author recommends optimizing the program by expanding socialization to the wider community, providing clear schedule information at bus stops to facilitate passengers, strengthening the operational monitoring and evaluation system, and imposing strict sanctions for deviations.

In Surabaya City, the City Government through the Transportation Agency developed the Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi programs to address traffic congestion, limited public transportation, and the need for safe, comfortable, and environmentally friendly transportation. However, complaints are still found regarding limited facilities, irregular schedules, and suboptimal communication services, so that service performance evaluation is needed from the user's perspective. This study aims to analyze the performance of Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi public transportation services at the Surabaya City Transportation Agency using five public service performance indicators according to Dwiyanto et al. (2021), namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. The approach used is quantitative with the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results of the study show an average expectation score (importance) of 4.18 and a reality score (performance) of 3.86 with an overall gap of -0.32, which means that the performance of Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi services still does not meet public expectations. Through the IPA mapping, three attributes are in Quadrant I (high priority): the friendly and professional attitude of staff, the adequacy of on-board facilities, and the transparency of official information regarding schedules and service changes. A total of 13 attributes are in Quadrant II (maintained), 13 attributes in Quadrant III (low priority), and one attribute in Quadrant IV (excessive).

Public transportation plays an important role in supporting community mobility and accelerating regional economic growth. To improve public transportation services in East Java, the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency introduced the Trans Jatim Bus system. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including long bus arrival times, the use of mobile applications that are difficult for elderly users, and inconsistencies in the availability of supporting facilities such as seating and trash bins at bus stops. This study aims to analyze the quality of Trans Jatim Bus services based on the service quality dimensions proposed by Wirtz and Lovelock. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that reliability has not met service standards due to prolonged waiting times. Responsiveness and assurance were found to meet service standards, as passengers expressed satisfaction with service responses and complaint handling. Empathy was considered adequate, although accessibility issues for elderly passengers remain. Tangible aspects were also sufficiently met, but inconsistencies were found in the provision of seating and trash bins at several bus stops. Based on these findings, the study recommends increasing the number of buses on corridor 2, evaluating bus schedules, conducting public awareness campaigns, and ensuring the consistent provision of seating and trash bins at all bus stops to improve overall service quality.

This study aims to evaluate the public transportation service policy of Trans Jatim Bus Corridor 2, operating on the Mojokerto–Surabaya route, using the six evaluation indicators proposed by William N. Dunn: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, direct observations, and secondary data analysis. The findings reveal that the Trans Jatim Corridor 2 service has significantly contributed to improving accessibility and mobility for the people of East Java. In terms of effectiveness, the service meets transportation policy objectives by offering strategic routes, consistent schedules, and accessible bus stops. Efficiency is demonstrated through optimal utilization of limited fleets and operational costs, while still meeting high passenger demand. Regarding adequacy, the service is generally sufficient; however, overcrowding during peak hours indicates the need for capacity improvements. Equity is reflected in the widespread distribution of bus stops, although disparities remain in the availability of facilities and route information across several stops. The service shows high responsiveness through quick handling of passenger complaints via applications and social media. Additionally, service appropriateness is evident in its punctual operations supported by GPS-based monitoring and real-time information through the TRANSJATIM-AJAIB application. Overall, the evaluation shows that Trans Jatim Corridor 2 provides effective, efficient, and responsive public transport services, yet requires improvements in capacity and equitable distribution of facilities to achieve optimal service quality.

JakLingko is a digital-based public transportation integration system developed to facilitate access to various transportation modes in Jakarta. Along with the increasing number of users, reviews on the JakLingko application reflect user experiences and perceptions. This study aims to analyze the sentiment of user reviews on the Google Play Store using the Naïve Bayes method. Data collection was conducted through web scraping, resulting in 3,260 reviews. The data were preprocessed, sentiment-labeled, and classified using Orange Data Mining. The research applied a quantitative experimental approach with a machine learning framework. The classification results showed that neutral sentiment dominated user reviews, followed by negative and positive sentiments. The Naïve Bayes model achieved 100% accuracy based on the confusion matrix and other evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings highlight that Naïve Bayes can be a reliable approach for analyzing public opinion and serve as a reference for evaluating and improving digital service applications.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems play a crucial role in providing efficient and sustainable urban mobility, yet service quality often faces challenges that lead to passenger dissatisfaction. This study focuses on BRT Trans Jateng Corridor 7, which has received a considerable number of complaints regarding service reliability, comfort, and punctuality. The main objective of this research is to improve passenger satisfaction by applying the Six Sigma methodology to identify, analyze, and reduce the root causes of service-related complaints. Using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework, data were collected through complaint reports, passenger surveys, and operational performance indicators. Statistical analysis and cause-effect diagrams were employed to pinpoint critical factors influencing complaints, including bus frequency, driver performance, ticketing efficiency, and infrastructure support. The findings indicate that the application of Six Sigma significantly reduced recurring complaints, particularly in the areas of schedule adherence and service responsiveness, leading to measurable improvements in overall passenger satisfaction. The synthesis of results demonstrates that structured quality management approaches such as Six Sigma can effectively enhance public transportation service quality by providing systematic solutions to operational problems. In conclusion, this research highlights the practical benefits of Six Sigma in improving service performance and reducing passenger complaints, offering valuable insights for policymakers and transportation operators seeking to strengthen the quality and sustainability of public transit systems.

Traffic congestion in Jakarta has become a serious problem, affecting various aspects of life, such as time efficiency, environmental quality, and economic productivity. As one solution to overcome this problem, the Jakarta government is developing a mass public transportation system, including the Light Rail Transit (LRT). The LRT is expected to reduce congestion by providing a more efficient and environmentally friendly transportation alternative. In the process of planning and optimizing the LRT system, discrete mathematics, particularly graph theory, plays a very important role. Graph theory is used to model the LRT station network and track, with vertices representing stations and edges representing connecting lines between stations. With this model, various analyses can be performed to optimize the LRT line, such as finding the shortest path between two stations or evaluating the connectivity between existing stations. The use of graph theory allows the identification of more efficient routes, resulting in faster travel and reduced passenger waiting times. In addition, graph theory also plays a role in optimizing the LRT route by minimizing the number of transfers between stations or avoiding passenger congestion at certain stations. With proper route and network optimization, the LRT can make a significant contribution to reducing traffic congestion in Jakarta. Furthermore, the development of an efficient public transportation system also supports improved air quality and reduces reliance on private vehicles. Overall, the application of graph theory in LRT system planning is a strategic step towards creating more efficient and sustainable transportation in large cities like Jakarta. Beyond route optimization, graph theory is also very useful in analyzing route capacity and passenger distribution along the LRT system.

Lau Kawar Lake, a natural tourism area located on the slopes of Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency, North Sumatra, holds significant potential for the development of nature and culture-based tourism. However, the growth in tourist visits has not yet met expectations due to limited accessibility across various dimensions. This study aims to formulate strategies for improving physical, informational, and institutional accessibility in support of sustainable regional development.The research adopts a mixed methods approach, emphasizing primary data collection through field observations, interviews with key stakeholders and village officials, as well as surveys of 60 tourist respondents. Findings reveal that, overall, the three dimensions of accessibility are still rated as "fair," with average scores ranging from 3.28 to 3.36. The main barriers identified include inadequate road infra-structure within the area, lack of dedicated public transportation for tourists, limited official digital promotional content, and weak institutional coordination in area management. A synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative results indicates that the development of Lau Kawar Lake requires an integrative approach that combines spatial planning, community-based governance, and local policy interventions.Based on these findings, several strategic recommendations are proposed: (1) improvement of access roads and landslide-prone areas through Special Allocation Fund (DAK) for infrastructure; (2) provision of dedicated public transportation for tourists with fixed routes and schedules from the nearest city center; (3) installation of directional signs and visual information boards in aesthetically pleasing formats and bilingual language; (4) establishment of a Digital Promotion Team involving local actors and institutions; (5) capacity-building programs for the community in tourism services, home stay management, and culinary entrepreneurship; and (6) formation of a Cross-Sectoral Accessibility Coordination Forum for Lau Kawar Tourism as a medium-term planning and monitoring platform.This study contributes contextually to strengthening the accessibility dimension as a key prerequisite for advancing local tourism destinations towards sustainable, inclusive, and locally grounded development.

This study aims to formulate sustainable and competitive business strategies for Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP), a public transportation system managed by UPTD under the regional government. Using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as the primary framework, supported by SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces, and PESTLE analyses, this research identifies the internal and external factors influencing TMP’s performance. The study found major challenges such as decreased ridership, lack of digital integration, and growing dependence on private vehicles. However, the flexibility offered through BLUD-based governance provides opportunities to improve innovation and service performance. Strategic recommendations include enhancing the value proposition, diversifying customer segments, and digitalizing distribution channels. These strategies are expected to strengthen TMP’s competitive advantage and support the development of an inclusive and efficient urban mass transportation system in Indonesia.

Public transportation is a primary necessity for supporting daily activities in Denpasar City. One mode of transport that plays a strategic role is the Trans Sarbagita Bus. As a mass transportation service, this bus system is expected to provide effective, efficient, and affordable mobility. This study aims to analyze: (1) public perception of the effectiveness of the Trans Sarbagita Bus service; (2) the simultaneous effect of accessibility, punctuality, and ticket price on service effectiveness; (3) the partial effect of each of these variables; and (4) the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the Trans Sarbagita Bus system. A quantitative method with an associative approach was employed. Data were collected from 105 active respondents through observation, interviews, and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, and analyzed using multiple linear regression via SPSS. The findings show that: (1) public perception is generally positive, especially in terms of comfort and safety, although accessibility and punctuality remain suboptimal; (2) accessibility, punctuality, and ticket price simultaneously have a significant effect on service effectiveness; (3) each of these variables also has a positive and significant partial effect; and (4) strengths lie in low fares and safety, while key weaknesses include limited access and delays. Opportunities stem from policy support and rising public awareness, whereas threats include the dominance of private vehicles and low intermodal integration. It is recommended that the government enhance public transport campaigns through media and community partnerships, as well as expand bus stop access and intermodal connectivity to improve service effectiveness.

Public transportation, with Transjakarta as its main pillar, requires a deep understanding of customer behavior to improve service quality and maintain loyalty. This study aims to segment Transjakarta customers using data mining techniques, specifically the K-Means Clustering algorithm, based on the RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary/Value) behavioral model. 37,900 rows of raw transaction data were processed into a clean database, resulting in 1,917 unique customers for analysis. The RFM metrics were then normalized using Min-Max Scaler. The optimal number of clusters was evaluated using the Elbow Curve and Silhouette Score Methods, which led to the determination of k = 4 clusters. The segmentation results identified four customer groups requiring specific strategies: Cluster 3 (Champions) with high R, F, and V (requiring rewards and retention); Cluster 0 (Active, Low Value) with high R and F but low V (requiring upsells and cross-sells); Cluster 1 (Potential/At-Risk); and Cluster 2 (Dormant/Lost). Preliminary analysis (EDA) showed that nearly half of customers (49.3%) used Bank DKI cards, dominated by the productive age group (25–45 years old), with the Rusun Kapuk Muara–Penjaringan route being the busiest. The main managerial recommendation is to strengthen the partnership with Bank DKI and optimize services in this busy corridor.

The increasing number of elderly people in Yogyakarta City demands the provision of an inclusive environment that supports the welfare of the elderly. This study aims to assess the suitability of Yogyakarta City for the concept of an elderly-friendly city based on seven main variables: green open space, public transportation, pedestrian facilities, health services, social support, elderly-friendly intergenerational interactions, and advocacy for the basic rights of the elderly. The research used a quantitative approach with observation and questionnaire methods to elderly people in all sub-districts in Yogyakarta City. The data were analyzed using a Guttman scale to determine the level of suitability of each variable. The results showed that overall Yogyakarta City is classified as “suitable” for the concept of an elderly-friendly city, with a total score of 5.32 out of a maximum scale of 6.80. Four variables meet the suitability criteria, namely public transportation, health services, social support, and intergenerational interaction. Meanwhile, the other three variables are still not fully suitable and require improvement. This study recommends improvements in these three aspects so that the implementation of the concept of an elderly-friendly city in Yogyakarta City can be more optimal and sustainable.

This study analyzes the mechanism of inter-regional cooperation in managing TransJatim as a sustainable public transportation system in East Java. Using a qualitative approach and literature study, the study identified three main aspects: (1) a multi-level collaboration model between the provincial government and five regencies/cities (Surabaya, Gresik, Mojokerto, Lamongan, Bangkalan) regulated through Governor Regulation No. 15/2018 and inter-regional MoU; (2) four main obstacles including policy asymmetry, fiscal inequality, technological disparity, and local political dynamics; and (3) strengthening strategies through five pillars: institutional consolidation, regulatory harmonization, financing strengthening, digital transformation, and capacity building. The findings show that the effectiveness of current collaboration is hampered by the lack of an authorized joint management institution and a clear accountability system. The study recommends the establishment of an independent TransJatim Management Agency, the preparation of integrated SOPs, a sustainable financing system, and an integrated digital platform to support the achievement of SDGs (especially goals 11 and 13) in sustainable transportation. The strategy implementation is proposed in three stages: preparation (1 year), transition (2 years), and full operation.

Terminals serve as transportation nodes that play a vital role in supporting community mobility and urban economic activities. As the capital city of Papua Province with a population of 420,577 inhabitants, Jayapura City requires an efficient transportation system to support increasingly dynamic social and economic activities. Entrop Terminal, as a Type A Terminal and the main transportation hub of Jayapura City, serves various transportation modes ranging from inter-city inter-provincial transport, cross-border transport, intra-provincial inter-city transport, urban transport, to rural transport. However, there is a significant problem where users prefer to wait for public transportation outside the terminal due to long queues inside the terminal, creating a shadow terminal phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the facilities available at Entrop Type A Terminal in relation to the quality of services provided to users. This evaluation is important to identify facility and service deficiencies that cause users to be reluctant to use the terminal optimally. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for facility improvements and service quality enhancement at Entrop Terminal, so that it can function optimally as the main transportation hub and reduce the shadow terminal problems occurring in Jayapura City.

PT. The Indonesian China Fast Train is one of the companies operating in the field of public transportation services under the auspices of the government which was inaugurated directly by the President of Indonesia, namely Mr. Jokowi, who collaborates directly with China. This research aims at the Role of Public Relations Expert Prescriber PT. KCIC in building Brand Awareness for the Fast Train whoosh, the Role of Public Relations PT. KCIC as Communication Facilitator in building Brand Awareness regarding the Whoosh Fast Train, Role of Public Relations PT. KCIC in Communication Technician to build Brand Awareness of the Whoosh Fast Train, the Role of Public Relations as a Problem Solving Facilitator in handling the issue of the Whoosh Fast Train "Whoosh" Fast Train. The approach used in this research is qualitative with descriptive methods using data collection techniques, documentation and direct interviews with informants. Using triangulation techniques and data analysis using Dozier & Broom's Public Relations Role theory in Ruslan (2020). For the information obtained, 2 informants were interviewed, consisting of key informants, supporting informants and 1 triangulation. The results of this research found that PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia China's public relations will continue to provide updated information using social media and the available the public continues to remember the existence of the Whoosh Fast Train.

This study aims to determine the Marketing Communication Strategy for Teman Bus Mamminasata Transportation Services on Social Media in Makassar City. The method used is the Qualitative Method using data collection techniques through interviews and documentation, while the targets of this study are the transportation agency, passengers, and the community. The results of this study indicate that the application of Communication Strategy to Teman Bus Maminasata transportation services through social media has not been carried out systematically. It can be seen in several posts on Teman Bus Mamminasata social media accounts that were updated 2 years ago, although the marketing strategy carried out by the transportation agency is in the form of public socialization through forums, visits and events, but this does not affect public interest in using Teman Bus Mamminasata. Therefore, the application of marketing strategies through social media can help managers to easily disseminate information related to tutorials on using Teman Bus Maminasata, as well as the routes taken by this public transportation.

Keude Pante Breuh, a village in Baktiya District, North Aceh Regency, shows great potential for development amidst the social, economic, and infrastructure challenges it faces. This study aims to identify the priorities, needs, and requirements of the village community in terms of education, health, economy, infrastructure, and social life. With an average income of 4–5 million rupiah per month and an unemployment rate of 30%, the village community prioritizes increasing job opportunities, improving infrastructure, and improving the quality of education and health. Although access to clean water, sanitation, and electricity is adequate, improving roads and public transportation remains an urgent need. This study provides a comprehensive picture of the village's condition and recommendations for further development. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection through field observations, in-depth interviews with community leaders, and documentation studies. Observations were conducted to directly observe the physical condition of the village and the facilities available, while interviews were conducted to explore the community's views on their priorities and needs. Documentation studies were used to analyze secondary data, such as village reports and related government documents

In the current era, public interest in using public transportation in Indonesia has decreased significantly, people prefer to use private transportation. Therefore, further research is needed on the factors that influence public interest in using public transportation services in Indonesia. This study will examine the variables of Aggressive Driving, Brand Image, Equality, and Price Perception in their influence on interest in using public transportation services, a case study on the PO. Damri Bus route Ponorogo - Tulungagung. The purpose of this study is to examine how much influence there is between the variables Aggressive Driving, Brand Image, Equality, and price perception, on public interest in using public transportation. The sample in this study was 100 respondents who were passengers of the PO. Damri bus route Ponorogo-Tulungagung. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 26.0 statistical tools. Based on the results of the study and data analysis, the regression equation was obtained as follows: Y = -1.631 - 0.273X1 + 0.266X2 + 0.243X3 + 0.339X4 + μ The results of multiple regression analysis show that aggressive driving has a negative effect on public interest, while the variables brand image, equality, and price perception have a positive effect on public interest. Of the 4 hypotheses proposed in this study, Hypothesis 1 is rejected (t-count <t-table), the other hypotheses H2, H3, H4 are accepted as indicated by the t-count value> t-table. Adjusted R Square value = 0.613, this shows that the four variables above influence public interest by 61.3%, while the rest (100% - 61.3% = 38.7%), this proves that public interest in using public transportation is influenced by other variables outside the study or outside the regression equation model by 38.7%.

This study aims to describe the Analysis of the Implementation of Policy and Integrated Transportation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Medan City. The qualitative research method is also known as a method where the research is conducted under natural conditions. This research method is a scientific procedure or approach to obtain data with specific objectives. Data analysis is the process of systematically searching for and organizing data. The data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data obtained are then analysed through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show that the Medan City Government is currently implementing significant development in urban mobility with two main activities: the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and the development of Kesawan and Merdeka Square areas. Both activities emphasize the importance of developing pedestrian and cyclist facilities while facilitating the people of Medan City in accessing public transportation. These efforts are positive actions taken by the Medan City Government toward the development of sustainable urban mobility while ensuring that all corners of Medan City can be reached by quality public transportation.